ROSE SPRING DWARF VIRUS, (RSDaV)
Revised 2-14-2021
by Henry Kuska
retired, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron
Ph.D., Physical Chemistry
This page gives the information that I have collected from my own literature searches and from others posting on the internet. Please let me know if you feel anything is not clear or is not addressed at all as I am continually updating/modifying it as I get feedback.
Bold print in quotes does not mean that the bold print appeared in the original; the bold print was added by me (H. Kuska) for emphasis. Information in color indicates that a link is present for further information.
A "new"old rose disease, Rose Spring Dwarf that is not cleaned by heat treatment is back in the news.
The University of California, Davis published a scientific paper in 2008.
http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS-92-4-0508
The above reports that it is definitely a virus and that it is spread by aphids.
The virus was actually found in the Univ. of California, Davis, collection of virus indexed roses (Davis paper Research link above). "In this test, RSDaV was detected in many different rose species and cultivars from the Foundation Rose Collection at FPS. In all, 129 plants in this collection were tested, and 77 were positive for RSDaV. Some of the hybrid rose cultivars tested positive for RSDaV included Queen Elizabeth, China Doll, Heirloom, Lowell Thomas, Jack Frost, New Dawn, Uncle Joe, Bridal White, Butterscotch, and Cynthia."
Has it been found in other gardens? As part of the federally sponsored NCPR program Dr, Kevin Ong at Texas A and M University has tested for RSDav in three gardens.
https://ucanr.edu/sites/ncpnrose/files/330352.pdf
The first is in their own rose breeding garden. They tested 11 plants. 6 had RsDaV.
The second garden tested was the garden of the Antique Rose Emporium (Brenham, Texas). They tested 137 plants. 42 had RsDaV.
The third garden tested was at the Florida Southern College . They tested 370 plants . 69 had RsDaV.
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WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE ?
For some roses, especially multiflora, the symptoms are severe and would be hard to miss (see Fig. 1 in the first link); however, it appears that the symptoms can range from severe dwarfing, to intermediate vein banding (see picture from Chile), to mosaic/rosette type streaks (see picture from New Zealand), to no observable symptoms.
A picture of a rose with intermediate vein banding symptoms (that was confirmed to have rose spring dwarf) appeared in a scientific publication from Chile:
Also please notice that: "RSDaV was detected in 24% of the analyzed samples."
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A picture of a rose with mosaic/rosette symptoms (that was confirmed to have rose spring dwarf) appeared in a 2013 scientific publication from New Zealand.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13313-012-0191-x
Rose spring dwarf was found in 20% of the roses tested.
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What was interpreted as rose spring dwarf symptoms was also reported recently in a scientific publication from Turkey.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01140671.2009.9684247
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219421000351
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It also has recently been reported in the United Kingdom in two samples:
https://www.ndrs.org.uk/pdfs/042/NDR_042013.pdf
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The virus is now reported as widespread in California
http://www.prevalentviruses.org/subject.cfm?id=58465
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January 2018 general article about rose viruses from National Clean Plant Network adds rose spring dwarf virus to those listed as found world wide.
http://nationalcleanplantnetwork.org/files/276825.pdf
The main difference between it and earlier articles (to me) is that it states: " Several viruses are found worldwide, including Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Apple Mosaic Virus (ApMV), and Rose spring dwarf-associated virus (RSDaV."
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The vein banding and mosaic/rosette symptoms appear to be similar to some of the symptoms attributed to virus infections that have been historically called Rose Mosaic Virus. Possibly this is the reason that there is a very recent (2019) article that states that rose mosaic virus is spread by aphids.
https://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/ornamental-pest-guide/diseases/rose-mosaic
Of course it is possible that a temperature sensitive rose virus such as PNRSV could be observed to spread in cooler climates such as Utah but not observed to spread in a southern state.
https://sites.google.com/site/temperatureandrosemosaicvirus/home
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My other rose virus sites can be reached from the following index page: