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MALAYSIAN AIRLINES FLIGHT MH370 - ANALYSIS & THEORY

This page contains an analysis and suggested theory of the disappearance
of Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370 using known timelines derived from
publicly available information, with all data sources provided.  

This page is under development; check back often for updates.
Last update:  April 10, 2014  

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370 en route from Kuala Lumpur,
    Malaysia to Beijing, China diverted course after the hand-off
    between Malaysian and Vietnamese ATC (Air Traffic Control)
    at 17:21 UTC at Navigational Waypoint IGARI.  [Known.]
  • Flying west across peninsular Malaysia, MH370 intercepted another
    Boeing 777-200, United Arab Emirates Flight UAE343 en route from
    Kuala Lumpur to Dubai at approx. 18:22 UTC - 18:30 UTC near
    Navigational Waypoint MEKAR.  [Derived from Military radar plot &
    FlightRadar24 data.]
  • Flying in close formation behind and below Flight UAE343, MH370
    "shadowed" UAE343 along Navigational Route N571, effectively
    avoiding detection by foreign radar.  [Suggested based on intercept.]
  • At approx. 23:08 UTC, MH370 broke formation near Navigational
    Waypoint PARAR, diverting to Bandar Abbas, Iran (OIKB) [Suggested
    based on timeline.]
  • MH370 landed at approx. 00:18 UTC. [Suggested based on timeline.]
IN SIMPLE TERMS:
  1. Plane #1 disappears at Location A.
  2. Plane #1 reappears at Location B at same time as Plane #2.
  3. Plane #2 lands within 6 minutes of last contact from Plane #1.

PROJECTED ROUTE
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  • All waypoints, known flight data and mapping georeferenced to
    WGS84 in AutoCAD.
  • Radar locations for MH370 estimated from military radar plot
    denoted by yellow line.
  • Known UAE343 flight path denoted by green line.
  • Known MH370 flight path denoted by red line.
  • Suggested MH370 flight path denoted by magenta line.

INMARSAT DATA

Inmarsat has performed an analysis of their satellite data to determine
two arcs upon which current search efforts are focused.  Inmarsat has
not released raw data from their analysis to the public at this time for
confirmation of methodology.  

Our analysis has only considered the reported satellite "ping" times from
their graph to determine a total flight duration.  

While we have not performed an analysis of the Inmarsat data, we note the
graph shows a considerable anomalous event at 18:25 UTC - 18:30 UTC 
(a series of 3 pings within 5 minutes denoted "Possible turn" on the graph).  This time coincides exactly with the suspected time of intercept of Flight UAE343 near Navigation Waypoint MEKAR. 
The significance of this graph is difficult to interpret without context,
however the timing shown is certainly remarkable.  

We suspect it is possible that this anomaly relates to the course
adjustment (deceleration and change in vector) required during
interception and alignment with Flight UAE343.  A similar (known)
slight deceleration occurred at 17:00 UTC, which shows up as a
similar dislocation on the Inmarsat graph.

We would also note that the graph presented is only valid for a 450 knot
solution, specifically.  

Source:  
http://www.inmarsat.com/news/malaysian-government-publishes-mh370-details-uk-aaib/
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CORRELATION BETWEEN FLIGHT UAE343, MILITARY RADAR PLOT AND
INMARSAT ANOMALY 


FlightRadar24 data shows Flight UAE343 on same vector as military radar
plot in same location.  
Exact location of MH370 approximate due to ambiguity of annotation on
radar plot.
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SUGGESTED DESTINATION - BANDAR ABBAS, IRAN

Assuming the last "ping" represents landing / end of flight, the timeline
using FlightRadar24 data fits closely with a diversion to Bandar Abbas.  
Note: FlightAware data used previously suggested MH370 would only
reach OIZC (Chah Bahar) within the timeframe available.
(see F.A.Q. page for previous results).
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MILITARY RADAR PLOT (PRESS CONFERENCE PHOTO)

Source: 
http://photo.china.com.cn/news/2014-03/21/content_31863360.htm

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DETAILED TIMELINE

16:41 UTC  MH370 Departs Kuala Lumpur (WKMK)
17:21 UTC  MH370 Last transponder contact (IGARI)
17:30 UTC  UAE343 Departs Kuala Lumpur (WMKK)
18:11 UTC  Inmarsat hourly ping #1
18:22 UTC  MH370 Last military radar contact
18:25 UTC - 18:30 UTC MH370 intercepts UAE343 (approx. MEKAR)
19:11 UTC  Inmarsat hourly ping #2
20:11 UTC  Inmarsat hourly ping #3
21:11 UTC  Inmarsat hourly ping #4
22:11 UTC  Inmarsat hourly ping #5
23:11 UTC  Inmarsat hourly ping #6
23:08 UTC  MH370 breaks formation from UAE343 (approx. PARAR)
00:11 UTC  Inmarsat hourly ping #7
00:18 UTC  MH370 Arrives Bandar Abbas, Iran (OIKB)
00:19 UTC  Inmarsat "partial" ping (presumed end-of-flight / power down)
00:25 UTC  UAE343 Arrives Dubai (OMDB)


RATIONALE

At the last (reported) point of contact on Malaysian military radar, MH370
was in extremely close proximity to another Boeing 777-200, Flight
UAE343 en route from Kuala Lumpur to Dubai.  Given the apparently
deliberate course taken to reach that specific location at that specific
time on that specific bearing, it is reasonable to speculate that this
interception was deliberate, in order to intercept Flight UAE343.

It is plausible that by flying "dark" (no lights, no transponder) and in
close formation behind and below UAE343, MH370 could have
"shadowed" UAE343 along its route, essentially "disappearing"
from ground-based military radar (until such time as it
broke formation). 
By flying in close formation with the identical plane, ground-based
radar would be presented with either one radar signature or a
common second "ghost" radar image, close enough to appear
either erroneous or innocuous to radar control. 
Since this anomaly occurred in the middle of the night along
a known commercial route, even if noticed, radar control may
have thought it insignificant.

By following UAE343 along Navigational Route N571 until the last
known "ping" time of 00:19 UTC, we can reasonably estimate
potential destinations for MH370.  After breaking formation
away from UAE343, MH370 would become visible to military
radar; since this was not reported, it stands to reason the
diversion occurred in an area absent of ("friendly") foreign
radar coverage.  The scenario presented provides the
most direct route to the proposed destination and fits
the timeline of known events closely.

In terms of navigation, once a synchronous heading and speed
were achieved, little interaction would be required, as there
is only one waypoint to be set along Navigational Route N571
after interception - PARAR (4 hr 41 min of flight time away). 

SOURCES / ASSUMPTIONS / NOTES

Sources:

This analysis is based on the following publicly available data:
  1. Military radar plot from Pulau Perak" reportedly presented in a
    press conference in Beijing.
  2. Archived flight data from FlightRadar24.com and FlightAware.com.
  3. Inmarsat satellite "ping" times (not frequencies).

Assumptions:
  1. Military radar plot is authentic.
  2. Flight data from FlightRadar24.com and FlightAware.com is accurate.
  3. Last Inmarsat "ping" time represents end of flight.  

Notes:
We are aware that several of the concepts outlined herein have
been presented elsewhere, drawing a variety of conclusions.  
A list of other sources and discussions will be added to the 
F.A.Q. page soon.

MALAYSIAN AIRLINES FLIGHT MH370 - FINAL ESTIMATED FLIGHT ROUTE

KUALA LUMPUR (WMKK) TO BANDAR ABBAS, IRAN (OIKB)

TIME:  16:41 UTC - 00:19 UTC
DURATION:   7 HR 38 MIN
DISTANCE:  3363 nm  (3870 mi) *
AVE. SPEED:  440 KTS

Source 1:
http://www.flightradar24.com/2014-03-07/17:21/12x/MAS370/2d81a27

Source 2:
http://flightaware.com/live/flight/MAS370/history/20140307/1635Z/WMKK/ZBAA/tracklog

Total Route: 

WMKK to OIKB (16:41 UTC - 00:19 UTC = 7 hr 38 min @ 440 KTS AVE.)
http://skyvector.com/?ll=14.592089179516751,77.47558594102027&chart=304&zoom=10&plan=A.WM.WMKK:F.WS.IGARI:A.WM.WMKP:F.WM.VAMPI:F.WM.MEKAR:F.OO.PARAR:A.OI.OIZC:A.OI.OIKB

Route segments:

WMKK to IGARI (16:41 UTC - 17:21 UTC = 40 min @ 420 KTS AVE.)
http://skyvector.com/?ll=6.129631374315006,99.89758301164774&chart=304&zoom=3&plan=A.WM.WMKK:F.WS.IGARI

IGARI to MEKAR (17:21 UTC - 18:27 UTC = 1 hr 6 min @ 420 KTS AVE.)
http://skyvector.com/?ll=6.129631374315006,99.89758301164774&chart=304&zoom=6&plan=F.WS.IGARI:A.WM.WMKP:F.WM.VAMPI:F.WM.MEKAR

MEKAR to PARAR (18:27 UTC - 23:08 UTC = 4 hr 41 min @ 460 KTS AVE.)
http://skyvector.com/?ll=15.995127115224223,74.63671875348038&chart=304&zoom=10&plan=F.WM.MEKAR:F.OO.PARAR

PARAR to OIKB (23:08 UTC - 00:19 UTC = 1 hr 11 min @ 400 KTS AVE.)
http://skyvector.com/?ll=25.57217555482377,59.2042236360761&chart=304&zoom=6&plan=F.OO.PARAR:A.OI.OIZC:A.OI.OIKB

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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES FLIGHT UAE343 - FLIGHT DATA

KUALA LUMPUR (WMKK) TO DUBAI (OMDB)

TIME:  17:30 UTC - 00:25 UTC
DURATION:   6 HR 55 MIN
DISTANCE:  2998 nm  (3450 mi)
AVE. SPEED:  433 KTS

Source 1:
http://www.flightradar24.com/2014-03-07/18:33/12x/UAE343/2d83095

Source 2: 
http://flightaware.com/live/flight/UAE343/history/20140307/1710Z/WMKK/OMDB/tracklog

Route: 
http://skyvector.com/?ll=14.592089179516751,77.47558594102027&chart=304&zoom=10&plan=A.WM.WMKK:F.WM.GUNIP:F.WM.MEKAR:F.OO.PARAR:A.OM.OMDB

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DISCLAIMER

This page contains an analysis and suggested theory of the disappearance
of Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370 using known timelines derived from
publicly available information, with all data sources provided. 

We do not profess to be experts in the fields of aviation, satellite frequency
analysis or anything else related to this analysis, nor are we interested
in "conspiracy theories" per se; this is strictly an attempt as casual
observers to assemble the limited information available into a
plausible scenario based on publicly available information. 
If new information becomes available which invalidates
anything herein, we will gladly adjust accordingly. 
In fact, we hope this analysis is proven entirely erroneous.

For further discussion regarding potential methodologies and motives,
check out the F.A.Q. page

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© 2014 RAND Engineering Corporation