English Grammar (video teaching)

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  • # About this site, copyright issue, and sources contacted
  • I. What Is a Sentence? (Brief Introduction)
  • II. The Fundamental Components: Verbs, Nouns, and Pronouns
    • A. Verbs
      • 1. general introduction to types and forms
        • (page 2)
      • 2. three major types
        • a. action verbs (transitive and intransitive)
          • 1) transitive and intransitive verbs
          • 2) transitive verbs + direct and indirect objects
        • b. non-action/stative verbs and linking verbs
          • 1) stative verbs
          • 2) progressive or not?--see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, and think about / think that
          • 3) linking verbs
        • c. helping/auxiliary verbs
          • 1) (general)
          • 2) for emphasis
      • 3. six major forms
      • 4. other verb types and related aspects
        • a. causative verbs: have, get, make, let, help
          • (page 2)
          • (page 3)
        • b. imperatives
        • c. passive voice
          • 1) general overview: active and passive voices
            • (page 2)
            • (page 3)
            • (page 4)
          • 2) transitive verbs and the passive
          • 3) stative passive (using past participles as adjectives)
          • 4) causative passive: to get/have something done
          • 5) passive gerunds and passive infinitives
          • 6) passive with modals
        • d. modal auxiliaries (modals)
          • 1) introduction (general / mixed)
            • (page 2)
            • (page 3)
          • 2) expressing ability
          • 3) asking for permission
          • 4) making requests
          • 5) expressing possibility and degrees of certainty
            • (page 2)
          • 6) making suggestions and giving advice
          • 7) expressing preference
          • 8) expressing obligation and necessity
            • (page 2)
            • (page 3)
          • 9) expressing prohibition and lack of necessity
          • 9+1) making logical speculation: must / ...
          • 9+2) expressing regret (modal + have + pp)
          • 9+3) expressing emphsis
          • 9+4) supplementary: how to use "do" correctly
        • e. gerunds and infinitives
          • 01) introduction: gerunds (V+ing) and infinitives (to + V)
            • (page 2)
            • (page 3)
          • 02) go + gerunds vs. go + infinitives
          • 03) verbs + infinitives
          • 04) verbs + gerunds
          • 05) verbs that can be followed by both gerunds and infinitives
          • 06) passive gerunds and infinitives
          • 07) using adjectives with infinitives
            • a) It's + adjective + infinitive
            • b) too + adj. + infinitive vs. adj. + enough + infinitive
          • 08) gerunds as nouns
            • a) possessive gerunds
            • b) preposition + gerunds
            • c) gerunds as subjects
          • 09) infinitives as subjects
        • f. phrasal verbs: separable and inseparable
          • (page 2)
          • (page 3)
          • (supplementary) phrasal verbs as nouns
      • 5. tenses
        • a. verb tenses (overview)
          • (page 2)
        • b. simple present & present progressive/continuous
          • 1) simple present: basic rules and forms
            • a) affirmative, negative, questioning and answering forms
              • (page 2)
              • (page 3)
            • b) spelling for 3rd person singular verbs
              • i) regular
              • ii) irregular
            • c) "be" verbs
              • (page 2)
            • d) there + "be"
            • e) supplementary: how to use "do" correctly
          • 2) present simple vs. present progressive
            • (page 2)
          • 3) (supplementary:) present participle vs. past participle
            • (page 2)
        • c. simple past & past progressive
          • 1) simple past: basic rules and forms
            • a) affirmative, negative, questioning, and answering forms
              • (page 2)
            • b) spelling and pronunciation for regular verbs
            • c) irregular verbs
              • (page 2)
            • d) "be" / there + "be"
            • e) with time words/phrases/clauses
              • i) using past tense with yesterday, last, ago, etc.
              • ii) with time clauses
            • f) “used to” + V (for past habits)
              • (page 2)
            • g) simple past vs. present perfect
          • 2) past progressive/continuous
            • a) past simple vs. past progressive/continuous
              • (page 2)
            • b) past progressive + "while" or "when" clauses
          • 3) (supplementary) past participle
          • 4) (supplementary) future in the past
        • d. simple future & future progressive
          • 1) general introduction
          • 2) simple future expressed in different forms and ways
            • a) "will," "be going to," and "be about to"
              • (page 2)
              • (page 3)
              • (page 4)
            • b) present progressive for future
            • c) simple present for future
            • d) with maybe, may, might, etc.
            • e) future in the past
          • 3) simple future vs. future progressive
          • 4) with time words/phrases/clauses
            • a) words/phrases to express (future) time
            • b) with time clauses
          • 5) with if clauses (future vs. habitual present)
        • e. perfect & perfect progressive
          • 1) (review of verb tenses)
          • 2) present perfect & present perfect progressive
            • a) present perfect and past participle
              • (page 2)
              • (supplementary) present participle vs. past participle
              • (supplementary) using "been" or "gone"?
            • b) present perfect + "since" or "for"
            • c) present perfect + just, already, yet, never
            • d) present perfect vs. present perfect progressive vs. simple past
              • (page 2)
              • (page 3)
          • 3) past perfect & past perfect progressive
            • (page 2)
            • (page 3)
            • a) past participle
          • 4) future perfect & future perfect progressive
          • 5) relevant aspect: how to use have/has/had correctly
    • B. Nouns
      • 1. types
        • a. introduction (general / mixed)
        • b. common nouns and proper nouns
        • c. collective nouns, abstract nouns, and concrete nouns
        • d. compound nouns
        • e. countable and uncountable nouns
          • (page 2)
        • f. gender specific nouns
        • g. verbal nouns/gerunds
      • 2. forms & spelling (with quantity expression)
        • a. singular and plural forms of nouns (regular and irregular)
          • (page 2)
        • b. expression of quantity (with articles and other quantifiers)
          • 1) articles: a, an, the
            • (page 2)
            • (page 3)
            • (page 4)
          • 2) other quantifiers
            • (page 2)
              • (page 3)
            • (page 3)
      • 3. syntactic functions
        • a. as noun (being a subject or an object)
        • b. as adjective
          • 1) (general / mixed)
          • 2) the first nouns in compound nouns
          • 3) complements
          • 4) possessive nouns + 's / '
      • 4. (relevant): noun clauses
    • C. Pronouns
      • 1. introduction
      • 2. personal pronouns
        • a. introduction (general / mixed)
        • b. subject pronouns and object pronouns
        • c. possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns
          • (page 2)
        • d. reflexive pronouns
      • 3. reflexive pronouns: myself/yourself/itself/themselves...
      • 4. demonstrative pronouns: this/that/these/those
      • 5. indefinite pronouns
        • a. (general / mixed)
        • b. every-, every-, some-, any-, no one, and none
        • c. another, other(s), and the other(s)
        • d. both, all, either, neither
        • e. many, few, much, and little
      • 6. interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which, whose
      • 7. relative pronouns: who, whom, that, which, whose
      • 8. reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another
      • 9. (supplementary)
        • a. (relevant) between & among
        • b. how to use "it" correctly
    • D. Aspects related to the concept of a sentence
  • III. Modifiers (Articles / Adjectives / Adverbs) and Clauses
    • A. Articles, Adjectives, and Adverbs: three basic modifiers
      • 1. articles
      • 2. adjectives and adverbs: the most important modifiers
        • (page 2)
        • (page 3)
        • a. compound adjectives
        • b. V-ing & V-ed as adjectives
        • c. order of adjectives
        • d. adverbs of frequency
          • (page 2)
        • e. adverbs of manner & degree
          • (page 2)
        • f. adverbs of place & time
        • g. positions of adverb (where to put the adverb?)
    • B. Comparisons: comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, adverbs, and nouns
      • 1. comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs
        • a. (general / mixed)
        • b. comparatives and superlatives of adjectives
          • (page 2)
        • c. comparatives and superlatives of adverbs
        • d. (not) as + adj./adv. + as
        • e. modifying comparatives
      • 2. comparative and superlative forms of nouns
      • 3. using double comparative
      • 4. using the same as, similar to, different from, like, and alike
    • C. Clauses: noun, adjective, and adverb
      • 1. What is a clause? (from word to phrase and clause)
        • (page 2)
      • 2. noun clauses
        • a. What is a noun clause?
        • b. quoted/direct speech vs. reported/indirect speech
          • (page 2)
      • 3. adjective clauses
        • a. What is an adjective/relative clause?
          • (page 2)
          • (page 3)
        • b. adjective/relative clauses and relative pronouns
          • (page 2)
        • c. restrictive and non-restrictive adjective clauses
        • d. reducing adjective clauses to phrases
      • 4. adverb clauses
        • a. What is an adverb clause?
        • b. expressing cause and effect
        • c. expressing contrast or comparison
        • d. expressing time relationship
        • e. indicating condition
          • 1) conditionals: using "if"/...
            • (page 2)
            • (page 3)
            • (page 4)
            • (page 5)
            • (page 6)
            • (page 7)
          • 2) (supplementary) using "wish" and "hope" to express wishes or regrets
            • (page 2)
      • 5. (supplementary) participle clauses
    • D. (Related): displaced and dangling modifiers
  • IV. Essential Connectors: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Transitions
    • A. Prepositions
      • 1. basic (general/mixed)
        • (page 2)
        • (page 3)
        • (page 4)
        • (page 5)
      • 2. prepositional phrases
      • 3. with verbs (verb + preposition)
      • 4. with adjective (adj. + preposition)
      • 5. with Ving (preposition + Ving)
      • 6. after nouns (noun + preposition)
    • B. Conjunctions
      • 1. introduction (general / mixed)
      • 2. coordinating conjunctions [fanboy(s)], parallelism, and commas
      • 3. subordinating conjunctions
        • a. introduction (general / mixed)
        • b. subordinating conjunctions for different purposes
      • 4. correlative conjunctions (paired conjunctions)
    • C. Transition words for different purposes
      • 1. expressing cause and effect
        • (page 2)
      • 2. expressing contrast & comparison
      • 3. expressing condition
      • 4. indicating time
      • 5. expressing emphasis
      • 6. indicating place
      • 7. adding information
      • 8. expressing purposes
      • 9+1. (mixed)
      • 9. giving examples
  • V. Sentence Types and Structure
    • A. basic sentence types
      • 1. declarative: affirmative and negative
        • a. (general/mixed) affirmative and negative
        • b. negatives
          • 1) beginning a sentence with a negative word
          • 2) using "not" and other negative words
          • 3) avoiding double negatives
          • 4) negative inversion
      • 2. interrogative (asking questions)
        • a. introduction
          • (page 2)
        • b. yes/no questions and information (Wh-) questions
          • 1) yes/no questions
            • (page 2)
          • 2) information (Wh-) questions
            • a) wh- questions (general / mixed)
              • (page 2)
              • (page 3)
            • b) using "how"
              • (page 2)
        • c. tag questions
          • (page 2)
        • d. embedded questions
      • 3. exclamatory
      • 4. imperative
    • B. parts of speech and word order
      • 1. parts of speech (overview)
        • (page 2)
        • (page 3)
      • 2. word order
    • C. sentence structure and parallelism
      • 1. sentence structure
        • a. simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex
          • (page 2)
        • b. agreement of subject and predicate
          • 1) the concepts of subject, predicate, and sentence complements
          • 2) subject-verb agreement
            • (page 2)
          • 3) pronoun-antecedent agreement
        • c. inversion
          • (supplementary) how to use neither & so
      • 2. parallellism
      • 3. sentence fragment, run-on sentences, and comma splices
      • 4. misplaced & dangling modifiers
      • 5. (supplementary: sentence diagramming)
      • 6. (supplementary): combining sentences
    • D. punctuation and capitalization
      • 01. introduction (general / mixed)
      • 02. comma, comma splices and run-on sentences
        • (page 2)
      • 03. colon & semicolon (: and ;)
        • (page 2)
      • 04. hyphen & dash (- and --)
        • (page 2)
      • 05. apostrophe (')
        • (page 2)
      • 06. quotation marks
      • 07. ellipses
      • 08. parentheses & square brackets
      • 09. capitalization
      • 10. exclamations
  • VI. Easily Confused Words and common mistakes
    • (page 2)
    • (page 3)
  • 附1: About this site and copyright issue
  • 附2: video source list
  • 附3: useful resources recommended
  • 附4: 有關著作權與平台使用說明
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              III. Modifiers (Articles / Adjectives / Adverbs) and Clauses‎ > ‎C. Clauses: noun, adjective, and adverb‎ > ‎4. adverb clauses‎ > ‎

              c. expressing contrast or comparison

              I. Nouns
              II. Pronouns
              III. Articles
              IV. Adjectives
              V. Verbs
              VI. Adverbs
              VII. Prepositions
              VIII. Conjunctions & Transitions
              IX. Sentence and Clause: Types, Structure, and Common Problems
              ------------------------------------
              A. basic form, function, and usage
              B. comparisons
              C. adverb clauses
              ------------------------------------
              1. What is an adverb clause?
              2. expressing cause and effect
              3. expressing contrast and comparison
              4. expressing time relationship
              5. indicating condition
              a. conditionals: using "if"/...
              b. (supplementary) using "wish" and "hope" to express wishes or regrets
              6. (Related): displaced and dangling modifiers


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