English Grammar (video teaching)
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I. What Is a Sentence? (Brief Introduction)
II. The Fundamental Components: Verbs, Nouns, and Pronouns
A. Verbs
1. general introduction to types and forms
(page 2)
2. three major types
a. action verbs (transitive and intransitive)
1) transitive and intransitive verbs
2) transitive verbs + direct and indirect objects
b. non-action/stative verbs and linking verbs
1) stative verbs
2) progressive or not?--see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, and think about / think that
3) linking verbs
c. helping/auxiliary verbs
1) (general)
2) for emphasis
3. six major forms
4. other verb types and related aspects
a. causative verbs: have, get, make, let, help
(page 2)
(page 3)
b. imperatives
c. passive voice
1) general overview: active and passive voices
(page 2)
(page 3)
(page 4)
2) transitive verbs and the passive
3) stative passive (using past participles as adjectives)
4) causative passive: to get/have something done
5) passive gerunds and passive infinitives
6) passive with modals
d. modal auxiliaries (modals)
1) introduction (general / mixed)
(page 2)
(page 3)
2) expressing ability
3) asking for permission
4) making requests
5) expressing possibility and degrees of certainty
(page 2)
6) making suggestions and giving advice
7) expressing preference
8) expressing obligation and necessity
(page 2)
(page 3)
9) expressing prohibition and lack of necessity
9+1) making logical speculation: must / ...
9+2) expressing regret (modal + have + pp)
9+3) expressing emphsis
9+4) supplementary: how to use "do" correctly
e. gerunds and infinitives
01) introduction: gerunds (V+ing) and infinitives (to + V)
(page 2)
(page 3)
02) go + gerunds vs. go + infinitives
03) verbs + infinitives
04) verbs + gerunds
05) verbs that can be followed by both gerunds and infinitives
06) passive gerunds and infinitives
07) using adjectives with infinitives
a) It's + adjective + infinitive
b) too + adj. + infinitive vs. adj. + enough + infinitive
08) gerunds as nouns
a) possessive gerunds
b) preposition + gerunds
c) gerunds as subjects
09) infinitives as subjects
f. phrasal verbs: separable and inseparable
(page 2)
(page 3)
(supplementary) phrasal verbs as nouns
5. tenses
a. verb tenses (overview)
(page 2)
b. simple present & present progressive/continuous
1) simple present: basic rules and forms
a) affirmative, negative, questioning and answering forms
(page 2)
(page 3)
b) spelling for 3rd person singular verbs
i) regular
ii) irregular
c) "be" verbs
(page 2)
d) there + "be"
e) supplementary: how to use "do" correctly
2) present simple vs. present progressive
(page 2)
3) (supplementary:) present participle vs. past participle
(page 2)
c. simple past & past progressive
1) simple past: basic rules and forms
a) affirmative, negative, questioning, and answering forms
(page 2)
b) spelling and pronunciation for regular verbs
c) irregular verbs
(page 2)
d) "be" / there + "be"
e) with time words/phrases/clauses
i) using past tense with yesterday, last, ago, etc.
ii) with time clauses
f) “used to” + V (for past habits)
(page 2)
g) simple past vs. present perfect
2) past progressive/continuous
a) past simple vs. past progressive/continuous
(page 2)
b) past progressive + "while" or "when" clauses
3) (supplementary) past participle
4) (supplementary) future in the past
d. simple future & future progressive
1) general introduction
2) simple future expressed in different forms and ways
a) "will," "be going to," and "be about to"
(page 2)
(page 3)
(page 4)
b) present progressive for future
c) simple present for future
d) with maybe, may, might, etc.
e) future in the past
3) simple future vs. future progressive
4) with time words/phrases/clauses
a) words/phrases to express (future) time
b) with time clauses
5) with if clauses (future vs. habitual present)
e. perfect & perfect progressive
1) (review of verb tenses)
2) present perfect & present perfect progressive
a) present perfect and past participle
(page 2)
(supplementary) present participle vs. past participle
(supplementary) using "been" or "gone"?
b) present perfect + "since" or "for"
c) present perfect + just, already, yet, never
d) present perfect vs. present perfect progressive vs. simple past
(page 2)
(page 3)
3) past perfect & past perfect progressive
(page 2)
(page 3)
a) past participle
4) future perfect & future perfect progressive
5) relevant aspect: how to use have/has/had correctly
B. Nouns
1. types
a. introduction (general / mixed)
b. common nouns and proper nouns
c. collective nouns, abstract nouns, and concrete nouns
d. compound nouns
e. countable and uncountable nouns
(page 2)
f. gender specific nouns
g. verbal nouns/gerunds
2. forms & spelling (with quantity expression)
a. singular and plural forms of nouns (regular and irregular)
(page 2)
b. expression of quantity (with articles and other quantifiers)
1) articles: a, an, the
(page 2)
(page 3)
(page 4)
2) other quantifiers
(page 2)
(page 3)
(page 3)
3. syntactic functions
a. as noun (being a subject or an object)
b. as adjective
1) (general / mixed)
2) the first nouns in compound nouns
3) complements
4) possessive nouns + 's / '
4. (relevant): noun clauses
C. Pronouns
1. introduction
2. personal pronouns
a. introduction (general / mixed)
b. subject pronouns and object pronouns
c. possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns
(page 2)
d. reflexive pronouns
3. reflexive pronouns: myself/yourself/itself/themselves...
4. demonstrative pronouns: this/that/these/those
5. indefinite pronouns
a. (general / mixed)
b. every-, every-, some-, any-, no one, and none
c. another, other(s), and the other(s)
d. both, all, either, neither
e. many, few, much, and little
6. interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which, whose
7. relative pronouns: who, whom, that, which, whose
8. reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another
9. (supplementary)
a. (relevant) between & among
b. how to use "it" correctly
D. Aspects related to the concept of a sentence
III. Modifiers (Articles / Adjectives / Adverbs) and Clauses
A. Articles, Adjectives, and Adverbs: three basic modifiers
1. articles
2. adjectives and adverbs: the most important modifiers
(page 2)
(page 3)
a. compound adjectives
b. V-ing & V-ed as adjectives
c. order of adjectives
d. adverbs of frequency
(page 2)
e. adverbs of manner & degree
(page 2)
f. adverbs of place & time
g. positions of adverb (where to put the adverb?)
B. Comparisons: comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, adverbs, and nouns
1. comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs
a. (general / mixed)
b. comparatives and superlatives of adjectives
(page 2)
c. comparatives and superlatives of adverbs
d. (not) as + adj./adv. + as
e. modifying comparatives
2. comparative and superlative forms of nouns
3. using double comparative
4. using the same as, similar to, different from, like, and alike
C. Clauses: noun, adjective, and adverb
1. What is a clause? (from word to phrase and clause)
(page 2)
2. noun clauses
a. What is a noun clause?
b. quoted/direct speech vs. reported/indirect speech
(page 2)
3. adjective clauses
a. What is an adjective/relative clause?
(page 2)
(page 3)
b. adjective/relative clauses and relative pronouns
(page 2)
c. restrictive and non-restrictive adjective clauses
d. reducing adjective clauses to phrases
4. adverb clauses
a. What is an adverb clause?
b. expressing cause and effect
c. expressing contrast or comparison
d. expressing time relationship
e. indicating condition
1) conditionals: using "if"/...
(page 2)
(page 3)
(page 4)
(page 5)
(page 6)
(page 7)
2) (supplementary) using "wish" and "hope" to express wishes or regrets
(page 2)
5. (supplementary) participle clauses
D. (Related): displaced and dangling modifiers
IV. Essential Connectors: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Transitions
A. Prepositions
1. basic (general/mixed)
(page 2)
(page 3)
(page 4)
(page 5)
2. prepositional phrases
3. with verbs (verb + preposition)
4. with adjective (adj. + preposition)
5. with Ving (preposition + Ving)
6. after nouns (noun + preposition)
B. Conjunctions
1. introduction (general / mixed)
2. coordinating conjunctions [fanboy(s)], parallelism, and commas
3. subordinating conjunctions
a. introduction (general / mixed)
b. subordinating conjunctions for different purposes
4. correlative conjunctions (paired conjunctions)
C. Transition words for different purposes
1. expressing cause and effect
(page 2)
2. expressing contrast & comparison
3. expressing condition
4. indicating time
5. expressing emphasis
6. indicating place
7. adding information
8. expressing purposes
9+1. (mixed)
9. giving examples
V. Sentence Types and Structure
A. basic sentence types
1. declarative: affirmative and negative
a. (general/mixed) affirmative and negative
b. negatives
1) beginning a sentence with a negative word
2) using "not" and other negative words
3) avoiding double negatives
4) negative inversion
2. interrogative (asking questions)
a. introduction
(page 2)
b. yes/no questions and information (Wh-) questions
1) yes/no questions
(page 2)
2) information (Wh-) questions
a) wh- questions (general / mixed)
(page 2)
(page 3)
b) using "how"
(page 2)
c. tag questions
(page 2)
d. embedded questions
3. exclamatory
4. imperative
B. parts of speech and word order
1. parts of speech (overview)
(page 2)
(page 3)
2. word order
C. sentence structure and parallelism
1. sentence structure
a. simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex
(page 2)
b. agreement of subject and predicate
1) the concepts of subject, predicate, and sentence complements
2) subject-verb agreement
(page 2)
3) pronoun-antecedent agreement
c. inversion
(supplementary) how to use neither & so
2. parallellism
3. sentence fragment, run-on sentences, and comma splices
4. misplaced & dangling modifiers
5. (supplementary: sentence diagramming)
6. (supplementary): combining sentences
D. punctuation and capitalization
01. introduction (general / mixed)
02. comma, comma splices and run-on sentences
(page 2)
03. colon & semicolon (: and ;)
(page 2)
04. hyphen & dash (- and --)
(page 2)
05. apostrophe (')
(page 2)
06. quotation marks
07. ellipses
08. parentheses & square brackets
09. capitalization
10. exclamations
VI. Easily Confused Words and common mistakes
(page 2)
(page 3)
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附3: useful resources recommended
附4: 有關著作權與平台使用說明
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V. Sentence Types and Structure
>
A. basic sentence types
>
1. declarative: affirmative and negative
IX. Sentence
and
Clause
:
Types
,
Structure
, and
Common Problems
------------------------------------
A. basic sentence types
B. parts of speech and word order
C. sentence structure and parallelism
D. punctuation and capitalization
-------------------------------------
1. declarative: affirmative and negative
a. negatives
1) beginning a sentence with a negative word
2) using "not" and other negative words
3) avoiding double negatives
4) negative inversion
2. interrogative (asking questions)
a. introduction (general / mixed)
b. yes/no questions and information (Wh-) questions
1) yes/no questions
2) information (Wh-) questions
a) introduction (general / mixed)
b) questions with who, whom, what, and whose
c) using "what" + a form of "do
"
d) using "how
"
c. tag questions
d. embedded questions
3. exclamatory
4. imperative
# videos:
Subpages
(2):
a. (general/mixed) affirmative and negative
b. negatives
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