Editor: Reena Peng
started: 08/31/2013
Another sitemap (below): The organization of this site (as shown on the left of this webpage), constrained by certain inbuilt mechanism of google.sites, is unable to display what I originally intended to; hence, another sitemap which is more common and easier to use is set up below.
I. Nouns
A. types
1. introduction (general / mixed)2. common nouns and proper nouns3. collective nouns, abstract nouns, and concrete nouns4. compound nouns5. countable and uncountable nouns6. gender specific nouns7. verbal nouns/gerunds
B. forms and spelling (with quantity expression)
1. singular and plural forms of nouns (regular and irregular)2. expression of quantity (with articles and other quantifiers)
a. articles: a, an, theb. other quantifiers
C. syntactic functions
1. as noun (being a subject or an object)2. as adjective
a. (general / mixed)b. the first nouns in compound nounsc. complementsd. possessive nouns + 's / '
D. noun clauses
II. Pronouns
1. (general / mixed)2. subject pronouns and object pronouns3. possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns4. reflexive pronouns
1. (general / mixed)2. every-, every-, some-, any-, no one, and none3. another, other(s), and the other(s)4. both, all, either, neither5. many, few, much, and little
H. reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another
1. (relevant) between & among2. how to use "it"
III. Articles
A. indefinite articles: a / anB. definite articles: the
IV. Adjectives
A. basic form, function, and usage
1.introduction (general/mixed)2. compound adjectives3. V-ing & V-ed as adjectives4. order of adjectives
B. comparisons
1. comparative and superlative forms2. (not) as + adj./adv. + as3. modifying comparatives4. double comparative5. using the same as, similar to, different from, like, and alike
V. Verbs
1. action verbs (transitive and intransitive)
a. transitive and intransitive verbsb. transitive verbs + direct and indirect objects
2. non-action/stative verbs and linking verbs
a. stative verbsb. progressive or not?--see, look, watch, hear, listen, think, etc.
c. linking verbs
3. helping/auxiliary verbs
a. (general)b. for emphasis
D. other verb types and related aspects
1. causative verbs: have, get, make, let, help2. imperatives3. passive voice
a. general overview: active and passive voicesb. transitive passivec. stative passive (using past participles as adjectives)d. causative passive: to get/have something donee. passive gerunds and passive infinitivesf. passive with modals
4. modal auxiliaries (modals)
a. introduction (general / mixed)b. expressing abilityc. asking for permissiond. making requestse. expressing possibility and degrees of certaintyf. making suggestions and giving adviceg. expressing preferenceh. expressing obligation and necessityi. expressing prohibition and lack of necessityj. making logical speculationk. modal + have + pp
l. expressing emphasis
5. gerunds and infinitives
a. introduction: gerunds (V+ing) and infinitives (to + V)b. go + gerunds vs. go + infinitivesc. verbs + infinitivesd. verbs + gerundse. verbs that can be followed by both gerunds and infinitivesf. passive gerunds and infinitivesg. using adjectives with infinitives1) It's + adjective + infinitive2) too + adj. + infinitive vs. adj. + enough + infinitiveh. gerunds as nouns1) possessive gerunds2) preposition + gerunds3) gerunds as subjectsi. infinitives as subjects
6. phrasal verbs: separable and inseparable
(supplementary) phrasal verbs as nouns
E. tenses
1. verb tenses (overview)2. simple present & present progressive/continuous
a. simple present: basic rules and forms
1) affirmative, negative, questioning and answering forms2) spelling for 3rd person singular verbs (regular & irregular)3) "be" verbs4) there + "be"
b. present simple vs. present progressivec. (supplementary:) present participle vs. past participle
3. simple past & past progressive
a. simple past: basic rules and forms
1) affirmative, negative, questioning, and answering forms2) spelling and pronunciation for regular verbs3) irregular verbs4) "be" / there + "be"5) with time words/phrases/clauses
i) using past tense with yesterday, last, ago, etc.ii) with time clauses
6) “used to” + V (for past habits)7) simple past vs. present perfect
b. past progressive/continuous
1) past simple vs. past progressive/continuous2) past progressive + "while" or "when" clauses3) (supplementary) past participle4) (supplementary) future in the past
4. simple future & future progressive
a. general introductionb. simple future expressed in different forms and ways
1) "will," "be going to," and "be about to"2) present progressive for future3) simple present for future4) with "maybe", "may", and "might"
c. simple future vs. future progressived. with time words/phrases/clauses
1) words/phrases to express (future) time2) with time clauses
e. with if clauses (future vs. habitual present)
5. perfect & perfect progressive
a. (review of verb tenses)b. present perfect & present perfect progressive
1) present perfect and past participle2) present perfect + "since" or "for"3) present perfect + just, already, yet, never4) present perfect vs. present perfect progressive vs. simple past
c. past perfect & past perfect progressive
1) past participle
d. future perfect & future perfect progressivee. relevant aspect: how to use have/has/had correctly
VI. Adverbs
A. basic form, function, and usage
1.introduction (general/mixed)2. adverbs of frequency3. adverbs of manner & degree4. adverbs of place & time5. positions of adverb (where to put the adverb?)
B. comparisons
1. comparative and superlative forms2. (not) as + adj./adv. + as3. modifying comparatives
VII Prepositions
A. basic form, function, and usage (general/mixed)
VIII. Conjunctions & Transitions
1. coordinating conjunctions, parallelism, and commas
C. subordinating conjunctions
1. introduction (general / mixed)2. subordinating conjunctions for different purposes
1. expressing cause and effect2. expressing contrast & comparison3. expressing condition4. indicating time5. expressing emphasis6. indicating place7. adding information
IX. Sentence and Clause: Types, Structure, and Common Problems
A. basic sentence types
1. declarative: affirmative and negative
1) beginning a sentence with a negative word2) using "not" and other negative words3) avoiding double negatives4) negative inversion
2. interrogative (asking questions)
a. introduction (general / mixed)b. yes/no questions and information (Wh-) questions
1) yes/no questions2) information (Wh-) questions
a) wh- questions (general / mixed)b) using "how"
c. tag questionsd. embedded questions
3. exclamatory4. imperative
B. parts of speech and word order
1. parts of speech (overview)2. word order
C. sentence structure and parallelism
1. sentence structure
a. simple, complex, and compound sentencesb. agreement of subject and predicate
1) the concepts of subject, predicate, and sentence complements2) subject-verb agreement3) pronoun-antecedent agreement
c. inversion
(supplementary) how to use neither & so
3. sentence fragment, run-on sentences, and comma splices4. misplaced & dangling modifiers5. (supplementary) sentence diagramming6. (supplementary) combining sentences
D. Clauses: noun / adjective / adverb clauses
1. What is a clause?2. noun clauses
a. What is a noun clause?b. quoted/direct speech vs. reported/indirect speech
3. adjective clauses
a. What is an adjective clause?b. adjective/relative clauses and relative pronounsc. restrictive and non-restrictive adjective clausesd. reducing adjective clauses to phrases
4. adverb clauses
a. What is an adverb clause?b. expressing cause and effectc. expressing contrast and comparisond. expressing time relationshipe. indicating condition
1) conditionals: using "if"/...2) (supplementary) using "wish" and "hope" to express wishes or regrets
5. (Related): displaced and dangling modifiers
E. Punctuation and Capitalization
1. introduction (general / mixed)2. comma, comma splices and run-on sentences3. colon & semicolon (: & ;)4. hyphen & dash (- & --)5. apostrophe (')6. quotation marks (" " & ' ')7. ellipses (. . .)8. parentheses & square brackets (( ) & [ ])9. capitalization10. exclamations