Paolo Verme is a a Full Professor of Economic Statistics at the University of Bologna in Italy. Between 2010 and 2024 he was a full-time staff at the World Bank in Washington DC where he served first as Senior Economist for the Middle East and North Africa region, and later as Lead Economist and Manager of the World Bank-UNHCR Research Program on Forced Displacement. Prior to joining the World Bank, Paolo was a Visiting Professor at Bocconi University and the University of Torino and an advisor to Governments, the EU and the UN on Social Protection Policies. He is the author of 5 books and over 60 articles in refereed journals and books covering labor markets, social protection, subsidies, poverty, inequality and forced migration. He is an accredited Full Professor of Public Economics and Economic Policy in Italy, a Fellow of the Global Labor Organization, a Senior Associate at the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, and a member of the scientific board of the Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of Bologna.