Fungi - Dikarya - Basidiomycota - Agaricomycotina - Agaricomycetes - incertae sedis - Thelephorales - Bankeraceae - Phellodon - Phellodon confluens
(Pers.) Pouzar, Ceská Mykologie 10 (2): 74 (1956)
Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie
Phellodon confluens, commonly known as the fused cork hydnum, is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. The fungus produces firm, corky fruit bodies with caps that are initially whitish grey before darkening to brown or black with age, and these caps often fuse together to form clusters. Its underside features small tooth-like spines rather than gills or pores, which are white to pale grey in colour. The species has a northern hemisphere distribution, found in forested areas of Asia, Europe, and North America, typically associated with oak trees. Phellodon confluens produces fruit bodies (or basidiocarps) with a firm, corky texture. The cap (or pileus) is round to irregular in outline and varies from 3–9 cm in diameter, often fusing with adjacent caps to form clusters. Young caps are whitish grey and smooth (glabrous) but darken to brown or almost black as they age. The cap surface may be slightly depressed or pitted and frequently gives rise to new, smaller pilei at its margin. On the underside, the hymenophore (the fertile, spore-bearing surface) is densely "toothed" (hydnoid) rather than gilled or pored, with individual spines up to 3 mm long that are white to pale grey. The flesh (context) is organised in two layers (duplex), especially noticeable in the stalk, and ranges from pinkish brown to dark brown. When tasted, the flesh has a faintly spicy note. The stalk (stipe) measures 10–40 by 10–20 mm, is covered in a fine, woolly (tomentose) grey to dark brown surface and firmly supports the cap. Microscopically, the fungus has a monomitic hyphal system—containing only generative hyphae—that are simple-septate (each cell divided by a single cross-wall), translucent (hyaline) and 3–6 μm wide. Its spores are roughly elliptic, 3.5–4 by 3–4 μm in size, hyaline and adorned with minute spines. The fungus has a northern hemisphere distribution and is found in Asia, Europe, and North America. In northern Europe, the fungus follows the distribution of its host tree (Quercus), extending to central Sweden and to southern Finland.
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Hydnum confluens - Persoon - Mycologia Europaea 2: 165 (1825)
Hydnum amicum - Quélet - Grevillea 8: 115 (1880)
Calodon amicus - (Quélet) Quélet - Comptes Rendus de l´Association Française pour l´Avancement des Sciences 12: 504 (1884)
Sarcodon amicus - (Quélet) Quélet - Enchiridion Fungorum in Europa media et praesertim in Gallia Vigentium: 189 (1886)
Hydnum vellereum - Peck - Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History 50: 110 (1897)
Phellodon vellereus - (Peck) Banker - Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 12: 168 (1906)
Phellodon amicus - (Quélet) Banker - Mycologia 5 (6): 62 (1913)
Hydnellum amicum - (Quélet) Ragab - Mycologia 45 (6): 944 (1953)
Phellodon confluens - (Persoon) Pouzar - Ceská Mykologie 10 (2): 74 (1956)
Phellodon confluens var. confluens - (Persoon) Pouzar - Ceská Mykologie 10 (2): 74 (1956)
Phellodon confluens var. corrugatus - Khara - Indian J. Mycol. Pl. Path.: 128 (1977)
Otto, P. (1997) - Kommentierter Bestimmungsschlüssel der terrestrischen Stachelpilze Deutschlands mit taxonomischen und nomenklatorischen Anmerkungen. Boletus 21(1): 1-21
Stalpers, J.A. (1993) - The Aphyllophoraceous fungi I. Keys to the species of the Thelephorales. Studies in Mycology 35
Arnolds, E. (2003) - De Stekelzwammen en Pruikzwammen van Nederland en België. Coolia 46(supplement): 38-40
Arnolds, Chrispijn & Enzlin (2014) - Hoofdstuk 21b: Lanen op voedselarme zandgrond. Ecologische Atlas Paddenstoelen Drenthe 2: 604 (met illustratie)
Dam & Kuyper (2016) - Veldgids paddenstoelen II: 263 (met foto)
Donk, M.A. (1933) - Révision der Niederländischen Homobasidiomyceten – Aphyllophoraceae 2. Mededeelingen van de Nederlandsche Mycologische Vereeniging 22: 48-49 (als P. amicus)
Eyssartier & Roux (2013) - Guide Champignons France Europe: 994
Keizer (1998) - Geïllustreerde Paddenstoelenencyclopedie: 104
Krieglsteiner (2000) - Grosspilze Baden-Württembergs 1: 383
Læssøe & Petersen (2019) - Fungi Temperate Europe 2: 1063 (foto)
Maas Geesteranus, R.A. (1975) - Die terrestischen Stachelpilze Europas
Ryvarden, L. (2024) - Synopsis Fungorum 50. Hydnoid genera - a world synopsis: 53
Vesterholt (2004) - Danmarks Svampe: 108
Phellodon confluens op internet:
First Nature
NMV Paddenstoel van de maand
The Ultimate Mushroom Guide
Pilzbuch Pilzwelten
All about funghi
Guía de Setas y Hongos de Navarra
Funghi in Italia
Fungipedia