Treatment of other involuntary movements

Pharmacotherapy is the main treatment for oral dyskinesia (14). Bruxism is generally treated with oral medication or splinting. At our department, we also apply botulinum therapy if the patient’s symptoms fail to improve after these general methods. Masticatory muscle-tendon aponeurosis hyperplasia requires surgery under general anesthesia. At our department, we perform surgery for patients with hyperplasia due to masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis hyperplasia, masseteric hypertrophy, or hyperplasia of the coronoid process, which can induce excessively forceful masticatory contractions over the long-term.