Research

Refereed Journal Articles

• • Schmitz LL and V Duque. (2022). In utero exposure to the Great Depression is reflected in late-life epigenetic aging signatures. PNAS. 119(46), e2208530119.

  • Miao J, Y Lin, Y Wu, B Zheng, LL Schmitz, JM Fletcher, Q Lu. (2022). A quantile integral linear model to quantify genetic effects on phenotypic variability. PNAS. 119(39), e2212959119. 

  • Fiorito G, S Pedron, CO Rosales, C McCrory.…Schmitz LL.…Lifepath consortium, P Vineis, C Carmeli. (2022). The role of epigenetic clocks in explaining educational inequalities in mortality: a    multi-cohort study and meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2022 Feb 17:glac041.  

  • Schmitz LL, W Zhao, SM Ratliff, J Goodwin, J Miao, Q Lu, Y Liu, M Levine, JA Smith. (2021). The socioeconomic gradient in epigenetic aging clocks: Evidence from the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Health and Retirement Study. Epigenetics Jul 6: 1-23. 

  • Schmitz LL, J Goodwin, J Miao, Q Lu, and D Conley. (2021). The impact of late-career job loss and genetic risk on body mass index: Evidence from variance polygenic scores. Scientific Reports. 11:7647. NBER Working Paper #22348. 

  • Gard AM, EB Ware, LW Hyde, LL Schmitz, J Faul, CM Mitchell. (2021). Phenotypic and genetic markers of psychopathology in a population-based sample of older adults. Translational Psychiatry, 11:239. 

  • Liu Z, D Leung, K Thrush, W Zhao, S Ratliff, T Tanaka, LL Schmitz, JA Smith, L Ferrucci, ME Levine. (2020). Underlying features of epigenetic clocks in vivo and in vitro. Aging Cell, e13229.

  • Schmitz, LL, AM Gard, and EB Ware. (2019). Examining sex differences in pleiotropic effects for depression and smoking using polygenic and gene-region aggregation techniques. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 180B: 448-468.

  • Schmitz, LL,   McCluney, MT Hicken, and A Sonnega. (2019). Interpreting subjective and objective measures ofjob resources: The importance of sociodemographic context. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16(17): 3058

  • McCluney C, LL Schmitz*, MT Hicken, and A Sonnega. (2018).  Structural racism in the workplace: Does perception matter for health inequalities? Social Science and Medicine, 199: 106-114.  *Joint first author with Dr. McCluney.

  • Schmitz, LL and D Conley. (2017). The effect of Vietnam-Era conscription and genetic potential for educational attainment on schooling outcomes. Economics of Education Review, 61: 85-97. NBER Working Paper #22393.

  • Schmitz, LL and D Conley. (2017). Modeling gene-environment interactions with quasi-natural experiments. Journal of Personality, 85(1): 10-21. 

  • Schmitz, LL (2016). Do working conditions at older ages shape the health gradient? Journal of Health Economics, 50: 183-197.

  • Schmitz, LL and D Conley. (2015). The long-term effects of Vietnam-Era conscription and genotype on smoking behavior and health. Behavior Genetics, 46(1): 43-58. NBER Working Paper #21348.

UNDER REVIEW

• Schmitz LL, S Merkin, W Zhao, S Ratliff, Y Liu, J Ding, JA Smith, and T Seeman. Early life adversity associations with later life epigenetic profiles: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). R&R: American Journal of Epidemiology. 

• Duque V and LL Schmitz. The influence of early-life economic shocks on long-term outcomes: Evidence from the U.S. Great Depression. R&R: Journal of Human Resources.

• Choi J, R Koscik, E Jonaitis, D Panyard, A Morrow, S Johnson, C Engelman, LL Schmitz. Assessing the Biological Mechanisms Linking Smoking Behavior and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics. Submitted.

• Noghanibehambari H, JM Fletcher, LL Schmitz, V Duque, V Gawai. Early-Life Economic Conditions and Old-Age Mortality: Evidence from Historical County-Level Bank Deposit Data. Submitted. 

• Miao J, G Song, Y Wu, J Hu, Y Wu, S Basu, JS Andrews, K Schaumberg, JM Fletcher, LL Schmitz, Q Lu. Reimagining Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis for Human Complex Traits. Submitted. 

• Schmitz LL, J Goodwin, D Conley, T Johnson. Do public policies shape the control people feel over their lives? Assessing the boundary case of the Vietnam draft lotteries. Submitted.

Working PAPERS

• • Schmitz LL and D Weir. Genetic and environmental influences on schooling and lifetime earnings: Evidence from the U.S. High School Movement 

  • Harrati A, and LL Schmitz. The interaction of health, genetics, and occupational demands in SSDI determinations. NBER-RDRC working paper. 

  • Ware EB, LL Schmitz, J Faul, JA Smith, C Mitchell, W Zhao, D Weir, and SLR Kardia. Heterogeneity in polygenic scores for common human traits. BiorXiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/106062

Work in Progress

• Schmitz LL, S Basu, J Miao, Q Lu, J Fletcher. Genome-wide measures of genetic risk reveal treatment effect heterogeneity in a randomized control trial of smoking cessation.

• Schmitz LL, W Zhao, SM Ratliff, JA Smith. An epigenetic biomarker of socioeconomic status is predictive of future morbidity and mortality.

• Alemu R and LL Schmitz. The impact of polygenic risk and cigarette taxation across the life course on smoking behavior.

• Choi J, R Koscik, EM Jonaitis, SC Johnson, CD Engelman, LL Schmitz. Assessing the biological mechanisms linking smoking behavior and Alzheimer’s Disease: Mediation analysis of metabolomic data.

• Gawai V, V Duque, LL Schmitz. Intergenerational effects of in utero exposure to the Green Revolution on schooling outcomes in India.

• Beauchamp, J Lee, J., McGue M, and LL Schmitz. Do genes and family environment interact? Evidence from Korean Adoptees. 

• Alemu, R, P Turley, D Cesarini, D Benjamin,  LL Schmitz. Effects of cigarette taxation on smoking-related DNA methylation patterns. 

• Bruns, A, LL. Schmitz, and MT Hicken. Racial inequalities in poor birth outcomes: Clarifying the role of precarious work. 

Policy Publications

• • Schmitz LL, C McCluney, MT Hicken, and A Sonnega. (2019). Policy Levers May Improve Older Workers’ Perceptions of their Psychosocial Work Environment. Generations, 43(3). 

  • Saad-Lessler J, T Ghilarducci,  LL Schmitz. (2012). Are New Yorkers ready for retirement? Trends in plan sponsorship, participation,and preparedness.  NY: New York City Comptroller’s Office Budget and Policy Bureau.

  • Ghilarducci T, R Hiltonsmith, LL Schmitz. (2012). State guaranteed retirement accounts: A low cost, secure solution to  America’s retirement crisis. NY: Demos.

  • Allegretto, SA, N Rhee, J Saad-Lessler, LL Schmitz. (2011). California workers' retirement prospects. In Nari Rhee, ed., Meeting California's Retirement Security Challenge. Berkeley, CA: UC Berkeley Center for Labor Research and Education, pp. 21-41. 

Book Chapters and Reviews

• • Schmitz LL. (2018). Review of Closing the Deficit: How Much Will Later Retirement Help?  Edited by Gary Burtless and Henry J. Aaron. Eastern Economic Journal, 44(2): 332-334. 10.1057/eej.2014.55

  • Schmitz LL. (2013). Do cultural tax districts buttress revenue growth for arts organizations?  In M. Rushton, ed., Creative Communities: Art Works in Economic Development. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, pp. 80-96.

  • Milberg W and LL Schmitz. (2011). The business of macro imbalances: Gluts in savings, money and profits. In P. Arestis, ed., Microeconomics, Macroeconomics and Economic Policy: Essays in Honour of Malcolm Sawyer. London: Palgrave, pp. 72-95.