2024
Co-authorship and Citation Metrics: The Dilemma of Fake Scholarly Credit
When judging a scholar's research achievements, it can be very misleading to rely exclusively on published online citation data alone. Using only total citation count, h-index, or !10-index often leads to a distorted and biased judgment. First, there is a profound structural inequality in access to the resources needed for research and publication (e.g, research funding, research labs/facilities, graduate students, influential mentors, journal editorial board memberships, etc.). Second, superficially appearing, from citation data alone, to have achieved high academic visibility/prominence may in fact be based on few if any sole-authorships. Instead, such status and noteriety may rest on a high number of co-authorships granted as favors by other powerful, privileged, well-connected scholars to a loyal, subservient member of a "buddy network." Third, there is a rising tide of scientific data showing how citation metrics are increasingly "gamed" (manipulated) due to various macro and micro conditions.
[See: Fair Ranking of Researchers and Research Teams, Vclav Vavrycuk, PLOS ONE, 2018.VáVáclav Vayčuk lVáclav Vavryčuk av Vavryčuk
[See: Gaming the Metrics, Biagialo and Lippman (Eds.), MIT Press, 2020.]
The fairest way to judge and credit a scholar's research is to carefully read that scholar's work, emphasizing especially sole-authored work.
CURRICULUM VITAE 2024
JOHN F. STOLTE
Orchid Id:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-6456
University of Texas MD Anderson School of Health Professions (2016-2022)
Huston, TX
Contact:
Jfred5.js@gmail.com
BIOSKETCH
John Stolte completed his Ph.D. in sociology at the University of Washington, Seattle, specializing in the experimental micro-sociology of learning, social interaction, small groups, and social exchange.
Inspired by early research in behavioral economics, he invented a set of laboratory experimental procedures for pursuing a basic scope-defined theoretical research program focused on power-dependence and negotiation dynamics in social exchange networks (Stolte, 1972). With his mentor, Richard M. Emerson, and using those procedures, he published the first laboratory experiment demonstrating the effect of relative network position on power-dependence/social exchange as determinants of material transaction outcomes (Stolte and Emerson, 1977). That experiment laid the basis for a program of subsequent experiments and other studies focused on various facets of social power, e.g., the legitimation of structural inequality (Stolte, 1983) and the formation of different justice norms (Stolte, 1987). Another line of research, rooted in the symbolic interactionist perspective, has focused on the research methodology of experimental narrative vignettes (Stolte, 1994) and the application of such vignettes in the study of cultural value framing (Stolte and Fender, 2007).
From 1971-1975, he was Instructor, and tenured Assistant Professor, of Sociology at Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
Moving to Northern Illinois University in 1975, he served as Assistant, Associate, and tenured Full Professor of Sociology. In July 2005 he retired from his full-time academic position. He returned to NIU in January, 2006 as Professor Emeritus to assume half-time duties as Director of the interdisciplinary Gerontology program until the summer of 2015.
From 2016 through 2022, as Adjunct Full Professor, he consulted with and taught courses at the University of Texas MD Anderson School of Health Professions. Courses taught included research methodology, organizational behavior in health care, and health and aging across the life course. An important focus of his teaching during that time-frame was the structural determinants and consequences of health disparity and equity.
He was awarded a year-long postdoctoral research fellowship in interpersonal evaluation at Stanford University, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.
He was awarded a British Council travel grant and spent a sabbatical year as Honorary Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Exeter, Devon, England.
He undertook post-doctoral faculty development training in life course/aging/gerontology research at the Andrus Gerontology Institute, University of Southern California.
His peer-reviewed, scholarly research has been published in the American Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, the Annual Review of Sociology, and Social Psychology Quarterly, among other refereed scholarly journals.
EDUCATION
University of Washington, Seattle
Ph.D. in Sociology,1972
San Diego State College (now University)
M.A. in Sociology, 1968
B.A. Sociology, 1965
OTHER AWARDS/HONORS
Awarded Summer Training Institute in Neurobiology for Social Scientists at University of California, Irvine, funded by the Social Science Research Council, 1970-71. (Opportunity declined so as to achieve timely completion of Ph.D. dissertation).
Sabbatical, (competitively awarded by the) College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Northern Illinois University 1982-83.
Sabbatical, (competitively awarded by the) College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Northern Illinois University 1992-93.
Alpha Kappa Delta Honor Society (University of Washington), 1973
Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society (Northern Illinois University), 1993
Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Nominations 1992, 1993.
Keynote Speaker Golden Key National Honor Society, 1993.
PUBLICATIONS
REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES
Power in Inter-group Communication. International Encyclopedia of Inter-cultural Communication. John Wiley and Sons, January, 2018. Co-authored with Sik Hung Ng.
Framing Social Values: An Experiment in Culture and Cognition. Social Psychology Quarterly, 2007, 70, (1) 59-69. Co-authored with Shanon Fender
Sociological Miniaturism: Seeing the Big Through the Small in Social Psychology, Annual Review of Sociology, 2001, 27, 387-413. Co-authored with Gary Fine and Karen Cook.
Beyond the Concept of Value in Power-Dependence Theory: Expanding A Model of the ‘Whole Actor, Advances in Group Processes, 2000, 17, 179-202.
The Value of Socially Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Outcomes: An Exploration of Americans from 1974 to 1994, Social Behavior and Personality, 2000, 28 (4), 387-392.
Evaluating People of Different Ages, Journal of Social Psychology, 1996, 136 (3),305-309.
The Context of 'Satisficing' in Vignette Research: An Experimental Test, Journal of Social Psychology, (134), 6, 1994, 727-734.
Cultural and Structural Determinants of Justice Reactions in the Economic Domain, Social Behavior and Personality, 22(4), 1994, 319-328, Co-authored with Jason Lee.
Power Processes in Structures of Dependence and Exchange: A Program of Theoretical Experimentation, Advances in Group Processes: A Research Annual, Vol. 7, 1990, 129-150.
Age, Exchange, and the Attribution of Power, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 129, 1989, 833-839.
From Micro- to Macro-Exchange Structure: Measuring Power Imbalance at the Exchange Network Level, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 51, 1988, 357-364.
The Formation of Justice Norms, American Sociological Review, Vol. 52, 1987, 774-784.
The Legitimation of Structural Inequality: Reformulation and Test of the Self-evaluation Argument, American Sociological Review, Vol. 48, 1983, pp. 331-342.
Self-efficacy: Sources and Consequences in Negotiation Networks, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 119, 1983, pp. 69-75.
Positional Power, Personality, and Perceptions of Fairness in Exchange, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 120, 1983, pp. 289-290.
Sociological Exchange Theory: Ascent of the Structural Viewpoint. International Review of Modern Sociology, Vol. 11, 1981, pp. 299-324.
Structural Power Inequality and Legitimation: An Example of Case Analysis as an Important Supplement to Small Group Experimentation, Case Analysis, Vol. 1, 1979, pp. 117-132.
Power Structure and Personal Competence, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 106, 1978, pp. 83-92.
Internalization: A Bargaining Network Approach, Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, Vol. 8, 1978, pp. 297-312.
Positional Power and Interpersonal Evaluation in Bargaining Networks, Social Behavior and Personality, Vol. 6, 1978. Pp. 78-80.
The Structure of Third Party Intervention, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 103, 1977a, pp. 243-250. Co-authored with Lorraine Belliveau.
BOOK CHAPTERS
"Power," in Group Processes: Sociological Perspectives, edited by Martha Foschi and Edward E. Lawler, Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1994.
"Legitimacy, Justice, and Productive Exchange," in Social Exchange Theory, edited by Karen S.Cook, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1987b.
"Structural Inequality: Position and Power in Network Structures," in Behavioral Theory in Sociology, edited by Robert Hamblin and John Kunkel, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1977b. (Festschrift for George Homans, presented to him upon his retirement from Harvard.) Co-authored with Richard M. Emerson.
BOOK REVIEWS
Review of Structures of Social Life: The Four Elementary Forms of Human Relations by Alan Page Fiske. New York: The Free Press, 1991. Published in American Journal of Sociology, 1992.
Review of Status Generalization: New Theory and Research, edited by Murray Webster, Jr. and Martha Foschi, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988. Published in American Journal of Sociology, 1990.
Review of Advances in Group Processes: A Research Annual, Vol. 5, edited by Edward Lawler and Barry Markvovsky, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1988. Published in Contemporary Sociology, 1990.
Review of Building Character in the American Boy: The Boy Scouts, YMCA, and Their Forerunners, by David I. MacLeod, University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.Published in Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 39, 1984.
Review of Social Exchange Theory: The Two Traditions, by Peter P. Ekeh, Harvard University Press, 1974. Published in Canadian Journal of Sociology, 1, 1974.
Review of Negotiations: Social Psychological Perspectives by Daniel Druckman (ed.), Sage Publications, 1977. Published in Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Vol. 6, 1977.
PROFESSIONAL PAPERS PRESENTED
Gender as Reputational Stereotype: Moral Evaluation and the Use of Positive Emotion-Words. Presented at the 14th Annual International Conference on Language and Social Psychology, June 19-22, 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Proposed Research: An Expressive Writing Intervention Among Older, Low-Wage, Long-Term Care Workers presented at the 8th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Social Science, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 4-7, 2009. Co-authored with Shirley Richmond.
An Empirical Test of Emerson’s Theory of Value: Impact of Sociological Miniaturism. Presented in the session on Bio-cultural Processes, Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA, 2004.
Stratification, Religious Commitment, and Self-Reported Health: Probing the Empirical and Theoretical Distinction Between Social Structure and Culture, Mini-conference of the Social Psychology Section, American Sociological Association Meetings, Chicago, 1999.
Beyond the Concept of Value in Power-Dependence Theory: Expanding a Model of the ‘Whole Actor, Mini-conference of the Social Psychology Section, American Sociological Association Meetings, San Francisco, August, 1998.
Referential Structure, Normative Style, and Power Use in Exchange: Bridging Theoretical Perspectives, Third International Conference on Social Justice Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands, July, 1991.
Justice Norms and Social Exchange, Third Annual Group Processes Conference, University of Maryland at College Park, August, 1990.
Conflict in Structures of Dependence and Exchange: A Program of Theoretical Experimentation, paper presented in the session on Theoretical Approaches to Conflict, Midwest Sociological Association meetings, St. Louis, MO., 1989.
Small Group Research: Theoretical Vignettes and Equity/Exchange Experiments, Informal Roundtable Discussion, American Sociological Association Meetings, Chicago, 1987.
Exchange Structures and the Emergence of Justice Norms, Session on Social Exchange, Midwest Sociological Society meetings, Chicago, 1987.
Dependence Differential: The Distribution of Power-Dependence in Complex Exchange Networks, Refereed Roundtable in Social Psychology, American Sociological Association meetings, New York, 1986.
Distributive Exchange and Judgments of Fairness, Session on Social Exchange, Midwest Sociological Society meetings, Des Moines, Iowa, 1986.
Legitimacy and Justice: Activation of the Norm of Equity in Productive Exchange, Group Processes session, American Sociological Association meetings, Washington, DC, 1985.
The Formation of Justice Principles, Small Groups, Primary session, American Sociological Association meetings, San Antonio, Texas, 1984.
Effects of Other's Exchange Ratio and Age Upon Attributed Efficacy and Judged Fairness, West Coast Conference for Small Group Research, Seattle, Washington, 1984.
Power Use in Exchange Networks: Effects of Underlying Structure vs. Over-arching Norms, Group Processes session, American Sociological Association meetings, Detroit, Michigan, 1983.
Self-efficacy: Sources and Consequences in Negotiation Networks, Small Groups session, Midwest Sociological Society meetings, Des Moines, Iowa, 1982.
The Structural Bases of Legitimacy, Social Psychology session, Midwest Sociological Society meetings, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1979.
The Bargaining Network: Some Implications for Behavioral Sociology, Social Psychology session, Midwest Sociological Society meetings, Omaha, Nebraska, 1978.
Structural Power Inequality and Legitimation: A Case Study, North Central Sociological Association meetings, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1978.
Power Structure and Personal Competence, Social Psychology session, Mid-south Sociological Association meetings, Monroe, Louisiana, 1977.
Bargaining Power in Exchange Networks: An Experimental Paradigm, West Coast Conference for Small Group Research, Los Angeles, CA, 1976.
A Bargaining Network Approach to Internalization, Social Psychology session, Pacific Sociological Association meetings, Victoria, B.C., 1975.
Bargaining Power Process in Exchange Networks: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington (Seattle), 1972.
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
Editorial Board member Social Psychology Quarterly 1988-1990.
Program Committee member Midwest Sociological Society Meetings 2001.
Discussant, Session on Small Groups/Primary Groups, American Sociological Association Meetings, Atlanta, Georgia, 1988.
Presider, Session on Small Groups, American Sociological Association Meetings, New York, 1986.
Chair, Session on Social Exchange, Midwest Sociological Society Meetings, Twin Cities, Minnesota, 1981.
Discussant, Session on Social Psychology, Midwest Sociological Society, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 1980.
Ad Hoc Reviewer: book manuscript, Stanford University Press, 1990; article, American Journal of Sociology,1990; article, American Sociological Review 1987; proposal, Sociology Program, National Science Foundation 1986; article, American Sociological Review, 1986; research methods textbook, McGraw-Hill publishers, 1986; proposal, Measurement Methods and Data Resources Program, National Science Foundation 1985; social psychology textbook, Dorsey Press 1982; proposal, Sociology Program, National Science Foundation, 1980.