Procedure

• Mask Games

• 1 You and your partner take the masks, the ball, and the charts to the play area.

• 2 Stand beside your partner with your arms out stretched so that your hands are touching. Player cannot movie their feet during any of the games except to retrieve a missed ball.

• 3 Playing Game #1 :

• Do not wear a mask during the game

• Your partner bounces that ball(with one bounce) to you ten time.

• Record how many times you catch the ball

• 4 Playing Game #2:

• Wear the short mask during the game

• Your partner bounces that ball(with one bounce) to you ten time.

• Record how many times you catch the ball

• 5 Playing Game #3:

• Wear the long mask during the game

• Your partner bounces that ball(with one bounce) to you ten time.

• Record how many times you catch the ball

• 6 Varying the Games:

• Vary the ball toss. For example, catch the ball without it bouncing or catch it on a double bounce

• Trade roles with your partner and play the three games.

Field of Vision

• Getting Ready to Measure

• 1 Decide which role each person will take for the first measurements

• The SUBJECT, the one whose field of vision is measured, sits at a desk or table

• The TESTER, the one who measures, stands behind the SUBJECT.

• The RECORDER, the one who records the measurements, sits across the table from the SUBJECT

• 2 The Subject

• Fold DOWN THE HANDLES OF THE VISION DISK AND PLACES IT AGAINST HIS FOREHEAD

• Fold Down the focus marker.

• Grips the handle with both hands and spreads his elbow, resting them on the table top for stability

• Looks straight ahead under the disk and focuses on the hole in the focus marker

• 3 The Tester

• Takes two sighting cards

• 4 The RECORDER

• Takes SUBJECTS's Student Sheet FOV 1 and reads the instructions on it.

• A: Making the Eyes-focused Measurement

• 1 Make the first fields-of-vision measurement

• The TESTER holds the knob on the arm of the vision disk and moves the arm to the right side of the back of the SUBJECTS head

• The TESTER puts on card into the slit on the arm. Make sure the subject has not seen the card!

• The TESTER slowly swings the card towards the front

• The Recorder watches to see that the SUBJECTS'S eyes don't move

• The SUBJECTS announces when he first sees the card

• The TESTER determines the degree reading at apex of the arrow in the arm and tells the RECORDER the number

• THE RECORDER marks the point with an "S" on the right side of the SUBJECT'S Student Sheet FOV 1.

• 2 Make the reading-field measurement

• The Tester continues to slowly move the arm toward the front of the SUBJECT.

• The RECORDER again watches to see that SUBJECTS eyes don't move,

• The SUBJECTS says the letters aloud as soon as he read them

• The Tester reads the measurements from the scale

• The RECORDER marks that point with an "R" on the right half of the disk on the student sheet

• 3 Make the other two measurements:

• The procedures is now repeated on the SUBJECT'S left side.

• The TESTER uses a different sightings card

• The RECORDER reminds the SUBJECT to keep his eyes focused on the hole in the focus marker

• 4 Switch roles and repeat the measurements for the two other people. Use different sighting cards for each SUBJECTS.

• 5 when each person has had the chance to take the three roles, complete your Student Sheet FOV 1.

• The "S" and "R" measurements are already noted.

• Connect the sighting "S" marks and reading "R" marks to the center dot.

• Shade the area between the two lines from the "R" marks to the center dot.This shaded area is the angle in which you can read with your eyes focused straight ahead.

• 6 Compare your four readings with those with your partners. Find the average for each measurements by totaling the three numbers and diving by 3.

Animal Masks

• Refer to the two Challenge Cards you have chosen.Make one or both of the masks described (depending on availability of time and materials);.

• 2 How will you mask modify your field of vision?

• Do you need to block out some of your field of vision?

• Do you need a mirror to help you extend your field of vision

• 3 Make the base of your mask with a piece of manila folder or construction paper

• cut out any holes that you will need to look through

• Fit the paper to your face and make a nose hole, if necessary.

• Attach string, tape, or elastic to the mask so that you can wear it.

Note: Tape to the mask any attachments that will create the field of vision describedvonyour Challenge Card. FOr example:

For an animal that can look only down, tape a visor over the eye holes

B Taking a Mask Walk

1. Walk the the-meter tape line, first with and then with your mask

2. How was your masked walk different from your unmasked walk?

C Going on a Mask Treasure Hunt

• 1 Find a place whee you and your partner can "go hunting" without disturbing othre students.

• 2 Predict how wearing your mask might change the way your search for an object

• 3 Select an object to hide as treasure."

• 4 While the room, your partner places the treasure"

• The objects can be in an unusual place, but it should be in plain sight.

• The object must not be hidden in a drawer or behind something

• 5 Return to the room and start hunting

• Have your mask on as you enter the room

• You have two minutes to the the treasure

• Your partner looks for any unusual movements you make while walking and hunting

Pinhole Viewer

Preparing for the Activity

1. A brightly lit area is necessary in order for the pinhole viewer to produce clear images.

2. Obtain a copy of Student SHEET PV 1 and Student Sheet PV 2

3. Assemble the pinhole viewer according to the instructions on the sleeves

The Activity

• 1 Get an image on the screen of your pinhole viewer by looking through it at a well-lit object

• if you are outside, do not look at the sun

• 2 What does your image look like?

• 3 Pull the pinhole section of the viewer away from the section that holds the screens

• Compare the image with that produced when the screen is closer to the pinhole

B Investigating the Effects of Pinhole Size on the Image

• 1 For this part of the activity, you will need the pinhole viewer, a new foil dot, a pin, a sharpened pencil. Make sure you are in a brightly lit area

• 2 Refer t your copy of Student Pv 1

• Make your predictions where indicated

• Read the instructions given

• 3 Pick one object to use for all the test. Keep your viewer at least one meter away from the object.

• 4 Record your observation in the appropriate blanks on your student sheet.

• 5 What were some of the results you discovered as you changed the pinhole size?

C Investigating the Effects of Lenses

• 1 Post the chart "How Good Is Your Vision?" upside -down on a wall in a well-lit area. Put a one meter-long strip of tape on the floor on one meter in front of the chart.

• 2 Collect a set of lenses, any additional lenses your teacher may provide, the rubber band, and the popsicle stick

• 3 Attach the "H" lens over the large pinhole as follows:

• Put the rubber band around the sides of the cap

• Slip the popsicle stick under the rubber band into the trough on the cap. About one-third of the stick should extend beyond the cap.

• Hang a lens on a stick, letter side away from the pinhole. Push the lens up next to the pinhole.

• 4 Refer to your copy of Student PV 2

• 5 What effects did the different lenses have on the image?

• How did each lens affect the image?

• What were the scale numbers for your best image

• Which lens worked the best for you? Why?

Look, Listen, and Find

A Playing the "Find an Object" Game

• 1 Set up the game as follows:

• Before each round choose one person to be the hunter:

• The hunter leaves the area and the others choose an object for the hunter to identify

• 2 Play the game with sound signals

• The hunter returns to the area and has two minutes to find the object

• No verbal communications allowed? Hunter guesses by pointing to or touching an object.

• Guide the hunter with the noisemaker. If hunter is "warm"" shake noisemaker vigorously: if hunters id "cold," decrease noise level.

• If hunter identifies the object, give a nonverbal sound signal such as a whistle.

• Play the game two more times so each person has a chance to be the hunter

• 3 Play the game with sight signals:

• This time we guide the hunter by waiting a flag "flag". Wave your flag vigorously when hunter is "warm"; wave it gently when hunter is "cold"

• Make sure each person has a chance to be the hunter.

• 4 Play the game with both sight and sound signals

• One person guides with the noisemaker,the other with a flag

• Make sure each person has a chance to be the hunter.

• 5 Play the game with both signals and two hunter

• You will need a fourth person to play this round of the game

• One hunter follows the sound signal while the other follows the sight signal

• Both hunters search for the same object

• Who found the object first?

• 6 Compare the sight and sound Cues

• Which signals was easier to follow? Why?

• Did the hunter use different ways of searching? How were they different?

• What kind of things interfered with reception of sight signals? With sound signals?

B Playing the "Complete a Task" Game

• 1 Set up the game as follows:

• The procedure is basically the same as for the "Find an Object" game except the hunter must complete a task with the object.

• the hunter has three minutes to find the object and complete the task.

• 2 Play three rounds with sound signals and then three rounds with sight signals.

• 3 Compare the sight and sound cues

• Which signal was easier to follow in this game?

• Was is the same as in the first game?

• If you have to rely on nonverbal cues, is it easier to identify an object or identify a task?

• If,as a game, you could use only sight or hearing for in one day, which sense would you choose?Is it the sense that you preferred in the game?If not, why did you choose that sense?

The Activity

Introducing the Games

• 1 Think about then following questions:

• Did you ever had difficulty figuring out where a sound was coming from

• What makes it difficult to locate the source of a sound?

• 2 Set up the Game as follows:

• Each person choose a role to play for the first trial of the game. Everyone has three chances to locate sounds. Everyone will have a chance to play every role.

• The Sounders sit in chairs or on the floor or stand in a semicircle about one meter apart from each other

• The Listener sits on a chair or on the floor or stands in the center of the semicircle two to three meters away from each Sounder and faces the Sounders

• The Moderator stands behind Listener.

• The Recorder sits or stands at the side of the sounders

A Playing the Game with Both Ears

• 1 If possible, darken the playing ares so the flashlight beam will be easily visible

• 2 The Listener takes the flashlight and the blindfold mask and assumes her position.She puts on the mask and turns on the flashlight

• The Sounders take their noisemakers and assumes their positions in the semicircle

• They should practice making a sharp sound with their noisemakers

• During the game the Sounders make noise only when directed by the Moderator

• 4 The Recorder obtains a copy of Student Sheet WAY, writes down the names of the players, and assumes his positions

• 5 The Moderator conducts the game by:

• Standing behind the listener

• Quieting the Sounders

• Tapping Listener on the shoulder to alert her to a sound

• Pointing to one Sounder who makes one sharp, clear sound . Select Sounders randomly and make sure everyone has a chance to make a sound,

• 6 Determine the score as follows:

• The Listener points the flashlight in the directions from which she thinks the sound came.

• The Moderator with the help of the Sounders, silently determines the Listener's score for the trial

• A student or a space between students each represents 1 point off the target

• When the flashlight shines anywhere on the sounders body or directly above his head, the Listener is 0 points off target.

• If the Listener shines the flashlight between the Sounder and one of the students next to her, the Listener is 1 point off target

• If the flashlight shines on the student next to the Sounder, the score is 2 points

• 7 After each of the listener's three trials, the Moderator signals the score of the Recorder by holding up the appropriate number of fingers Recorder writes down the score in the appropriate column

• 8 Switch roles so that everyone has a chance to play every part.

Playing the Game with One Ear

1. The game is played in the same way as the previous one except now the Listener completely covers one ear with his hand

2. Everyone has three trials as a Listener, and everyone takes every part.

Sight and Sound