Apple Mosaic Virus (ApMv)
last revised 6-14-2016
By Henry Kuska
retired, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron
"This page gives the information that I have collected from my own literature searches and from others posting on the internet. Please let me know if you feel anything is not clear or is not addressed at all as I am continually updating/modifying it as I get feedback." The bold face was added by me for emphasis (H.Kuska).
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Apple Mosaic Virus is one of the earliest viruses that was found infecting roses. As such it was normally thought of as one of the rose viruses given the group name "Rose Mosaic Virus" (RMV).
Unfortunately, in the early studies, PNRSV and ApMv were hard to distinguish from each other, see for example:
" On the basis of recent studies of variation in the coat protein gene from ilarvirus isolates from Australian hop gardens, ApMV-H and ApMV-I have been designated to refer to what was previously known as Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, apple (PNRSV-A) and intermediate (PNRSV-I) serotypes (Barbara et al., 1978), respectively (D. Crowle and co-workers, unpublished data). "
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00812.x/full
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The early ApMv - rose studies are summarized in the 1983 Ph.D. Thesis of P.C. Gardner.
http://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/3563/02_whole.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
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What I consider as one of the first "modern" ApMv rose virus study is the 1987 Ph.D. thesis of S-M. Wong:
Title: "Epidemiology and Characterization of rose mosaic virus in New York"
This thesis resulted in 2 reviewed, published scientific papers.
1) Title: "SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND OCCURRENCE OF APPLE MOSAIC AND PRUNUS NECROTIC RINGSPOT VIRUSES ON ROSE IN NEW YORK"
http://www.actahort.org/books/234/234_53.htm
AND
2) Title: "Purification and Characterization of an Isolate of Apple Mosaic Virus from Rose in the USA"
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1993.tb01399.x/abstract
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For my purposes here, I will use paper 1 above.
They examined, with ELSIA, 794 field grown roses (Sonnenberg Gardens, Canandaigua, New York, 1984-1986) that had visible virus symptoms. 127 (16.0%) detected positive only for ApMv, 623 (78.5%) detected positive only for PNRSV, and 44 (5.5%) detected positive for both ApMv and PNRSV. Of course, these percentages can be different for different regions of the U.S. (and the rest of the world) and even for the above garden in different time periods.
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A very recent review of apple mosaic virus has appeared.
http://www.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/viewFile/16295/16994
Of particular interest (to me) is their recognition that the temperature dependence of the plant immune system may contribute to the observed temperature dependence of the infection.
" It was reported that plant defense mechanisms that specifically target viral RNA (silencing) are more active at high temperatures (Szittya et al., 2003; Chellappan et al., 2005). Therefore, the combination of this factor with the alleged lower viral replication during the hot months of the year may explain the differential virus behaviour throughout the year. "
My other rose virus sites can be reached from the following index page: