Adding an author after initial submission can be an indication of a gift authorship or a paper mill.

If an author is added on a manuscript after initial submission, then the editor will

• Highlight to the corresponding author the responsibilities of authorship in ICB's editorial policies in the General Instructions for authors and the ICB instructions for authors on authorship

• Require a written justification in the cover letter before allowing the authorship change

• Require a detailed list of contributions made by the author who has been added after initial submission

• Contact each co-authors of the original publication to obtain their response to the proposed change in authorship