Agnieszka Szuba, Theresa Redl & Helen de Hoop

Does grammatical gender matter in addressing? Exploring the effect of gender marking on processing of second-person singular Polish verbs.

In Polish, like in many other Slavic languages, second-person singular verbs have obligatory gender marking in certain tenses. The gender marking can be either feminine or masculine, and it normally agrees with the natural gender of the addressee. A problem arises when the addressee gender is unknown or unspecified – for example, when addressing ‘the reader’ or ‘the listener’ of a text with many potential recipients. One common solution to this problem is to use the verb form with masculine gender marking, which is understood by Polish speakers to have a gender-inclusive intention in such contexts. In a psycholinguistic study, we investigate whether such use of the masculine verb form indeed fulfils the intended function. More specifically, we explore the possibility that there is a processing cost for women when addressed with masculine-marked verbs. In an eye-tracking experiment, Polish native speakers read short texts that address them in the second-person singular. In half of those texts, the second sentence features a past tense verb with masculine gender marking. In the other half, the verb is in the present tense, which carries no gender marking. We expect that women, but not men, slow down in reading when addressed with a masculine-marked verb. In addition, in the second block of the experiment, texts with feminine-marked verbs instead of ones with masculine marking are shown. Using feminine marking when addressing men is never appropriate in Polish, which is why we expect a high processing cost for men when addressed with a feminine-marked verb. In this talk, we will present the results of the experiment and see whether our predictions are borne out.