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Occupany Certificate is a document attesting to the building's construction, confirming that it was done in accordance with legal designs and local legislation. The Occupancy Certificate is issued by the local municipal authority once the building's construction is complete and it is ready for occupancy.
Open to sky plinths: Plinths as an architectural element are used in both domains i.e indoor and outdoor spaces we usually know the detail of an indoor plinth but what happens when this element is outside the structural grid? In such circumstances the insertion of a new grid consisting of a stepped footing is used, tying all piers together. These walls are brought above ground level up to desired heights and then the ground underneath is compacted and gravel is laid, a layer of D.P.C. is added upon which a P.C.C plinth is laid with screeding and appropriate flooring is added.
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Parapet is a barrier that is an upward extension of a wall at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure.
Patli is a tie beam that is used to reduce the free standing height of a masonary wall and acts as a divider to stop cracking from going from one corner to another.
Pier (Brick) is a vertical support/ column made out of brick courses to act as foundation support.
Pile Foundation are deep foundations used in landfill areas where the land used to be/is marshy and in structures which are very high. Piles are casted in place - hollow MS pipes are hammered into the ground and are filled with concrete and reinforcement.
Pile cap is a reinforced concrete slab or block that is placed on top of a group of foundation piles. Its primary purpose is to distribute the load from the superstructure (like a building or bridge) to the individual piles. Pile caps help ensure uniform load transfer and provide stability to the foundation by connecting and supporting the tops of the foundation piles.
Pilaster are column-like elements which do not actually have a role in load transfer and are more of an ornamental element
Plaster - Internal / External / Grooves: Plaster is a smooth protective layer put upon walls and ceilings to provide resistance against moisture.
Grooves are used to separate and divide huge wall plaster surfaces in order to reduce the issues of surface cracks and plaster debonding due to thermal movement, as well as to divide a vast monotonous piece of wall surface.
Plinth is the base of any structure which distributes the load evenly from the columns and the walls to the foundation. It separates the ground floor from the ground level.
Plinth Beams are reinforced concrete beams that are built between a wall and its foundation. When the foundation settles, a plinth beam is installed to prevent the expansion or propagation of cracks from the foundation into the wall above. Plinth beams uniformly distribute the load of the wall over the foundation.
Plinth Check Certificate is issued by the local authority after checking the construction of a project up to the plinth level and on confirmation that the substructure doesn’t violate any rules and regulations set by the government.
Plinth protection is an element that is used to protect the plinth or foundation of a building from water, moisture, and other external factors that can damage the foundation.
Plumbing duct refers to a space that is enclosed to run the plumbing lines and service pipes.
Plumbob / Olamba is a pointed weight on the end of a string is called a plumb bob, and it is used to locate a vertical line known as the plumb. Plumb is a spirit level's vertical counterpart.
Pointing is the process of completing mortar joints in brick masonary. It is the process of creating joints that are 10 to 20 mm deep and filling them with higher-quality mortar in the appropriate shape. This is done for joints with cement mortar and lime mortar.
Portal frame is a rigid structure comprised of two upright members connected at top by a third member.
Power plant also referred to as a power station and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.
Precast is a reusable mold which is used in a construction method to cast various elements like columns, beams, walls, staircases, slabs. The concrete is poured in precast mould in a factory or plant and the finished product is then transported to the construction site. This construction method of pre-casting has the ability to be manufactured in various shapes and sizes, it offers design flexibility to designers and also it reduces cost and time of the project.
Punching shear is a phenomenon where a concentrated force on a slab causes a shear failure cone that "punches" through.
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Rafters are sloped structural member that extends from the ridge beam to the walls, placed perpendicular to the purlins and supports the batons and the roofing material on it.
Random rubble are uncoursed masonary that are hammered into the ground to provide a firm base for the foundation to sit on.
Railing is placed on the edge of path and staircase to provide support and act as a safeguard. It is made using wood, steel and glass.
Raft foundation: A reinforced concrete slab that supports an entire structure or extension is known as a raft foundation .Compared to other foundation types, this one distributes the building's weight over a wider region. It may be necessary to make a "step" in the concrete at the raft edge in order to accommodate the damp course and membrane position. The raft edge must be meticulously specified
Rate analysis is the process of determining the rate of any work for any project like earthwork, concrete work, brickwork, plastering, painting etc.
Reti / river sand is the process of determining the rate of any work for any project like earthwork, concrete work, brickwork, plastering, painting etc.
Runner beam is commonly seen in load bearing structures. The width of the beam is equal to that of the wall beneath it and thus it runs along the walls .
Ribbed slab is a slab system which consists of series of parallel reinforced concrete T beams framing into reinforced concrete girders. The slab is the flange of the beam and the extended part is the web. The extended part is known as ribs. The ribs are tapered in cross-section in its lower part.
Ridge tiles is a horizontal line that serves as the intersection of two roof planes. Roof ridge tiles are used to make that. Since most of this type of tool is made up of clay or slate, it can be used to keep out the rain. It also protects the roof from heat and wind.
RMA mixer also known as concrete mixer, is a machine used in construction to mix cement, water, and other materials such as sand, gravel, to make concrete.
Roof - Manglore tiles are red-coloured clay tiles that are commonly used in the coastal regions of India that experience heavy rainfall. They are placed in a interlocking sequence on the batons.
