Abstract

Our study investigates the levels of bacterial pollution at beaches in San Diego county, aims to assess their risks to public health and safety, and quantify which beaches are the safest. Coastal water samples were collected over a three-year period (2021-2023) from multiple beaches, varying in popularity. Bacterial levels were measured using several techniques, focusing on four indicators: E. Coli, Enterococcus, Fecal Coliforms, and Total Coliforms. Our analysis indicated variability in water quality, often exceeding recommended safety thresholds, particularly during the transition from winter to spring and in peak tourist summer months. Our findings highlight the need to continuously monitor these contamination sources and the importance of developing effective mitigation strategies. This research helps contribute to understanding the impact of spatiotemporal factors on coastal water quality and emphasizes the importance of public and individual awareness regarding health risks associated with swimming in unsafe waters.