Ch. 6 PowerPoint

Define these Technical Terms using the textbook:

1. Electronic Control Module (ECM)

2. Collision Mitigation System (CMS)

3. Collision Warning System (CWS)

4. Driver Display Unit (DDU)

5. Driver Interface Unit (DIU)

6. Integrated Circuit (I/C)

7. Lane Departure Warning System (LDW)

8. Light Emitting Diode (LED)

9. VORAD

10. Wingman

11. Transistor

12. Zener Diode

13. Semiconductor

14. Solid State

15. Thermistor

Answer these discussion questions using the textbook:

1. Describe how an electrical signal can be used to transmit information.

Read the chapter summary below:

■ Data can be transmitted electronically by means of electrical waveforms.

■ Semiconductors are by definition elemental materials with four electrons in their outer shells.

■ Silicon is the most commonly used semiconductor material.

■ Semiconductors must be doped to provide them with the electrical properties that can make them useful as electronic components.

■ After doping, semiconductor crystals may be classified as having N or P electrical properties.

■ Diodes are two-terminal semiconductors that often function as a sort of electrical one-way check valve.

■ Zener diodes are commonly used in vehicle electronic systems: They act as a voltage-sensitive switch in a circuit.

■ Transistors are three-terminal semiconductor chips.

■ Transistors can be generally grouped into bipolar and field effect types.

■ Essentially, a transistor is a semiconductor sandwich with the middle layer acting as a control gate. A small current flow through the base emitter will un-gate the transistor and permit a much larger emitter-collector current flow.

■ Many different types of transistors are used in vehicle electronic circuits, but their roles are primarily concerned with switching and amplification.

■ The optical spectrum includes ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation.

■ Optical components conduct, reflect, refract, or modify light. Fiber optics are being used increasingly in vehicle electronics, as are optical components.

■ I/Cs consist of resistors, diodes, and transistors arranged in a circuit on a chip of silicon.

■ A common l/C chip package used in computer and vehicle electronic systems is a DIP with either fourteen or sixteen terminals.

■ Many different chips with different functions are often arranged on a primary circuit board, also known as a motherboard.

■ Gates are switched controls that channel flows of data through electronic circuitry.

■ AND, OR, and NOT gates are three commonly used means of producing an outcome based on the switching status of components in the gate circuit.

■ The binary numeric system is a two-digit arithmetic system that is often used in computer electronics because it directly corresponds to the on or off states of switches and circuits.

■ A bit is the smallest piece of data that a computer can manipulate. It has the ability to show one of two states, either on or off.

■ A byte consists of 8 bits.

■ A byte of data can represent up to 256 states of coded data.

■ Almost all current on-highway trucks use computers to manage the engine and usually other chassis systems as well.

■ A truck with multiple ECU-managed systems can network them using a chassis data bus; this is known as multiplexing.

■ A vehicle ECU information processing cycle comprises three stages: data input, data processing, and outputs.

■ RAM or main memory is electronically retained and, therefore, volatile.

■ The master program for system management is usually written to ROM.

■ PROM data is used to qualify the ROM data to a specific chassis application.

■ Some OEMs describe their PROM component as a personality module.

■ EEPROM provides an ECU with a read/write/erase memory component.

■ Multiplexing is the term used to describe a system where two or more ECUs are networked on a data bus to reduce input hardware and optimize vehicle operation.

■ Input data may be categorized as command data and system monitoring data.

■ A potentiometer is a common input component; It is a three-terminal voltage divider.

■ GPS technology uses trilateration to geographically position vehicles to help them navigate road routes.

■ CMS and CWS use a combination of Doppler radar, camera, and motion sensors to alert drivers to imminent collision hazards.

■ CMSs such as Wingman and VORAD process data received from radar and microwave motion/proximity sensors into driver alerts and can launch electronic intervention to avoid accidents.

■ When programmed, a CMS can broadcast data commands to the chassis data bus meaning that the engine retarder and vehicle service brakes can be applied when a potential collision is detected.

■ Accident avoidance systems may use video (cameras) for such things as object identification and can launch LDW systems.

■ Most current trucks are equipped with infotainment systems.