Chapter 39 PowerPoint

Define these Technical Terms using the textbook:

1. alternative fuels

2. cetane rating

3. diesel fuel

4. gasoline

5. hydrocarbons

6. octane rating

7. spark knock

8. stoichiometric fuel mixture

9. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

10. ethanol

Answer these discussion questions using the textbook:

1. Describe normal and abnormal combustion of gasoline and diesel fuel.

Read the chapter summary below:

■ Petroleum, also called crude oil, is oil taken directly out of the ground. Crude oil is made into automotive fuels. Crude oil is a highly toxic mixture of carcinogens, neurotoxins, respiratory irritants, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, and mutagens. For the last 40 years, oil has caused non-stop war and conflicts between nations and groups of people worldwide.

■ Gasoline is currently the most common type of automotive fuel. When burned in an engine, gasoline's exhaust emits a wide range of toxic gases and solid matter, causing global warming and acid rain, which harms the environment and human health.

■ The octane rating of gasoline is a measurement of the fuel’s ability to resist knocking or pinging.

■ Normal gasoline combustion occurs when the spark plug ignites the fuel and burning progresses smoothly through the air-fuel mixture.

■ A stoichiometric fuel mixture is a chemically correct, or perfect, air-fuel mixture.

■ Detonation results when part of the unburned air-fuel mixture explodes violently.

■ Preignition results when an overheated surface in the combustion chamber ignites the fuel mixture prematurely.

■ Dieseling, also called after-running or run-on, occurs when the engine keeps running after the key is turned off.

■ Diesel fuel is the second most popular type of automotive fuel. In addition to emitting the same toxins as gasoline when burned in an engine, diesel fuel also emits particulate matter, also known as soot.

■ No. 2 diesel fuel is normally recommended for use in car and truck diesel engines.

■ A cetane rating indicates the cold starting ability of diesel fuel.

■ Alternative fuels include any fuel other than gasoline and diesel fuel. LPG, CNG, alcohol, and hydrogen are examples of alternative fuels.