Key Events and Battles

 1. Invasion of the Waikato – July 1863

• When & Where: July 12, 1863, at the Māngere and Meremere border area

• What happened:
  British troops crossed the Mangatāwhiri Stream, which was the boundary of the Kīngitanga land. This was seen as an act of war by Māori. The British began building roads and forts to push deeper into Waikato. Māori warriors responded by defending their territory.
  
  

 2. Battle of Rangiriri – November 20, 1863

• Where: Rangiriri Pā, on the Waikato River

• What happened:
  The British launched a massive attack on a well-fortified Māori pā (fort). Fighting lasted overnight and was very intense. Māori fought bravely but were eventually overwhelmed and forced to surrender. Over 180 Māori were captured. This was a major loss for the Kīngitanga.

 3. Battle of Ōrākau – March 31 to April 2, 1864

• Where: Near Kihikihi, in the Waikato

• What happened:
  Around 300 Māori (including women and children) defended a small pā against over 1,500 British troops.
  They famously said: "Ka whawhai tonu mātou, āke, āke, āke!" (“We will fight on, forever and ever!”)
  After three days with no food or water, the Māori made a brave breakout, but many were killed. This battle became a symbol of Māori courage and resistance.