Genetic Variants Tested and Methodology 

Sources of Recommendations

The recommendations made in this report are based on the recommendations provided by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC, https://cpicpgx.org), the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG, https://www.clinpgx.org/page/dpwg), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) product labels. Therapeutic recommendations are based on weighing the evidence from a combination of preclinical, functional, and clinical data.

Regarding Strengths of Recommendations

The strength of a recommendation is based exclusively on pharmacogenetic information published in guidelines. They do not reflect the strength of a recommendation based on phenotypes that have been adjusted due to the presence of concomitant inhibitors or inducers. 

Strong: The evidence supporting the recommendation is high quality. The desirable effects clearly outweigh the undesirable effects. 

Moderate: There is a close or uncertain balance as to whether the evidence for this recommendation is high quality. The desirable effects clearly outweigh the undesirable effects. 

Optional: The desirable effects are closely balanced with undesirable effects, or the evidence is weak or based on extrapolations. There is room for differences in opinion as to the need for the recommended course of action. 

No recommendation: There is insufficient evidence, confidence, or agreement to provide a recommendation to guide clinical practice currently.