Traits

Foramen Magnum

Posterior vs. intermediate vs. anterior/central

Prognathism

 Degree of projection of mid to lower facial region (around maxilla)

Significant projection, Moderate projection, Mild projection, No projection

Size of Browridges (postorbital tori)

Bony protuberance above the eyes; thickness and protrusion

Significant, moderate, mild, none

Postorbital Constriction

Degree of ‘pinching in’ of cranium behind orbits

Significant, moderate, mild, none

Facial Dishing

Midface area is concave, i.e. cheeks extend further forward than does the nose. Face looks like a ‘dish,’ face (including cheeks) visible from superior view of crania

Present, absent

Zygomatic Flaring

Zygomatic arches (cheekbones) extend laterally (very wide) and inferiorly (large surface area)

Present, absent

Sagittal Crest

 Ridge of bone that projects upward along the top of the cranium; looks like a mohawk made of bone

Present, absent

Forehead

Sloping, vertical

Brain Size

CP3 Honing Complex

Combination of canines and third premolar teeth that form a self-sharpening apparatus

Present, absent

Relative Tooth Size

Anterior teeth larger than posterior teeth, posterior teeth larger than anterior teeth

Shape of Mandible

Square, parabolic

Mandibular Robusticity

Qualitative assessment of three quantitative measurements: molar M2 size, mandibular thickness, and mandibular ramus size; larger measurements are more robust

Robust, intermediate, gracile