ITT 036: Data Communication (Autumn 2025)

Class Timings: Section A: Monday, Wednesday (12:20 - 1:10 pm) and Tuesday (11:30 - 12:20 pm) 

  Section B: Monday, Wednesday (11:30 - 12:20 pm) and Tuesday (12:20 - 1:10 pm) 

Venue: PF3

Piazza page: ITT 036/Autumn2025/home 

Course Overview

In this course, we will focus on covering the basics of data communication and the first two layers of the TCP/IP Model in detail. The objective of this course is to familiarise students with the underlying ideas of the physical aspects of Networks.

Course Outline

• DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK: Data communication concept, Basic concept of network, Types of networks (LAN, MAN and WAN), Different network topologies like star, ring, hybrid, tree. Network models (OSI and TCP/IP).

• TRANSMISSION MEDIA: Guided and unguided media, twisted wire pair, co-axial cable, optical fibre, microwave links, satellite microwave link, their characteristic features and applications for data transmission.

• DATA AND SIGNALS: Data, Signals, Types of Signals, Bandwidth, spectrum, transmission impairments, Shanon capacity.

• DIGITAL TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES: Digital-to digital conversions: NRZ, RZ, Biphase, Manchester coding, AMI. Analog-to-digital conversions: Nyquist sampling theorem, quantization, Pulse code modulation.

• ANALOG TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES: Digital-to-analog conversion: ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM. Signal constellation. Analog-to-analog conversion: amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation.

• BANDWIDTH UTILIZATION TECHNIQUES: Frequency Division Multiplexing, Time Division Multiplexing, Wavelength division Multiplexing, Spread Spectrum.

• ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION: Errors in data communication: Types of errors, error detection and correction techniques, simple parity check, computation of CRC, Checksum, Hamming code.

• ACCESS CONTROL(*subject to time constraints) : Random access, Controlled access, channelization protocols.

References: We will refer to multiple books and lectures over the duration of this course, some of them are as follows:

• Text Book (TB):

  1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking, 4th Edition [BAF]

• Other References (R):

  1. D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, Data Networks [BG]

  2. William Stallings, Data & Computer Communications, 8th Edition [WS]

  3. Andrew Tanenbaum, Computer Networks [AT]

  4. Ajit Pal, Data Communications (NPTEL Course) [AP]

Grading Policy:

• Major exam - 50%

• Mid-Term exam - 26%

• Assignments/Quiz/Project - 24%

Quizzes 

• Quiz 1: Fourier Analysis and Module 4 (till Digital signal transmission). Date: 17 Sep

Here are the topics we covered in the class and the reference material we used.

1. Lec 0 (Aug 6): General Introduction. Introduction to the course, course objectives, policies, and motivation. 

2. Lec 1 (Aug 11): Concept of data communication, components of a basic communication system, characteristics of a communication system, types of data flow.  (Source: Chapter 1 [BAF])

3. Lec 2 (Aug 12): What is a Network? Various network criteria: performance (transit, response time, throughput, delay), security, reliability, types of connections. (Source: Chapter 1 [BAF])

4. Lec 3 (Aug 13): Types of network topologies - Mesh, star, bus, ring, hybrid, wireless. (Source: Chapter 1 [BAF], Section 15.2 [WS]).

5. Lec 4 (Aug 18): Classification of Networks - based on the architecture and size, comparison of LAN and WAN, the Internet (overall structure). (Source: Chapter 1, 2 [BAF], Lecture 2 [AP])

6. Lec 5 (Aug 19): Need for layering, layered Architecture, physical and logical communication, introduction to the TCP/IP and OSI Models, layers in the OSI model, their classification, devices found on those layers, and their smallest data unit, encapsulation. (Source: Chapter 2 [BAF], Lecture 2 [AP])

7. Lec 6 (Aug 20): Encapsulation, OSI Model Layers, and their functionalities - Physical, Data link, Network layer. (Source: Chapter 2 [BAF], Lecture 2 [AP])

8. Lec 7 (Aug 25): OSI Model Layers and their functionalities - Network (Logical addressing, routing), Transport (process to process delivery, segmentation and reassembly, flow and error control), Session and Presentation. (Source: Chapter 2 [BAF], Lecture 2 [AP])

9. Lec 8 (Aug 26): Application layer in OSI Model, Introduction to the TCP/IP Model, Host-to-Network layer, network layer protocols (IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP, IGMP), Transport layer protocols. (Source: Chapter 2 [BAF], Lecture 2 [AP])

10. Lec 9 (Sep 1): Application layer protocols, addressing in TCP/IP model with illustrated examples: physical address, logical address, port number, specific address. Transmission media and its types.  (Source: Chapter 2, 7 [BAF]). Check this reference for Port no.'s.

11. Lec 10 (Sep 2): Transmission media and its types. Guided transmission media: Twisted cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic. Unguided transmission media - modes of propagation: ground wave, sky wave. (Source: Chapter 7 [BAF], Chapter 4 [WS])

12. Lec 11 (Sep 3): Unguided transmission media - modes of propagation: ground wave, sky wave, line of sight, radiowaves, Microwaves - Terrestrial and satellite microwaves, infrared waves. (Source: Chapter 7 [BAF], Chapter 4 [WS]) 

13. Lec 12 (Sep 4): Introduction to Data and signals, Analog and digital signals, periodic and aperiodic signals, parameters defining fundamental periodic signal: amplitude, period, and frequency, phase, wavelength, time-domain plot, frequency spectrum of analog signals, bandwidth. (Source: Chapter 3 [BAF], Chapter 3 [WS])

14. Lec 13 (Sep 8): Digital signals, bit rate, bit duration, bit length, reasons for choosing periodic analog signal and non-periodic digital signal, digital signal as a composite analog signal, baseband and broadband transmission. (Source: Chapter 3 [BAF], Chapter 3 [WS])

15. Lec 14 (Sep 9): Signal or transmission impairment and its causes, attenuation - challenges, solutions, measurement, dBm unit, delay distortion. (Source: Chapter 3 [BAF], Chapter 3 [WS])

16. Lec 15 (Sep 10): Noise - thermal noise (and its quantification), induced noise, intermodulation noise, crosstalk, impulse noise, SNR ratio, channel capacity, data rate limits, Nyquist's data rate, Shannon capacity with numericals. (Source: Chapter 3 [BAF], Chapter 3 [WS])

17. Lec 16 (Sep 15): Performance of networks, bandwidth: in Hz and in bps, throughput, latency and its components, and bandwidth-delay product. (Source: Chapter 3 [BAF], Chapter 3 [WS])

18.  Lec 17 (Sep 16): Digital-digital conversion (line coding), characteristics of line encoding, bandwidth, baseline wandering, self-synchronisation, DC component, and other characteristics. (Source: Chapter 4 [BAF], Lecture 7 [AP])

19. Lec 18 (Sep 17): Line encoding schemes - problems and characteristics:  Unipolar NRZ, Polar NRZ-L, NRZ-I. (Source: Chapter 4 [BAF], Lecture 7 [AP])