CIDRE Portfolio

I'm Nicole Ahn, an Art Integration Specialist in Raleigh, North Carolina.  Art is my jam!  I am passionate about introducing students to art and viewing history and culture through an art historical lens. 

Written Reflections:


1.Austrian Educational System


The Austrian school system seems typically European in that students have vocational opportunities from a relatively young age.  There are several different paths a young person can take, and those who seek careers that don’t require university level training have many options.  Unlike our American system, which still holds onto the idea that college is for everyone, the Austrian system allows students to finish formal classroom schooling sooner and  apprentice in the field to develop the skills needed for an occupation.


Teacher training in Austria is surprising.  Based on our reading (Initial Teacher Framework Report: Austria; Maria Votsch), it seems that teachers are required to have the college equivalent of a Master’s but those who train teachers do not.


Curriculum in Austrian schools in not uniform; teachers have the freedom to develop their own lessons and are not bound by federal standards. 




   


2. The Woman in Gold Film Review


This artfully poignant film opens with a beautiful and captivating scene in which we see the hands of Gustav Klimt applying delicate gold leaf to a work of art.  It is visually rich, sumptuous, bordering on sensual, if you know the story of Klimt and his muse, Adele.  The work of art Klimmt so carefully adorns with precious metal is titled Adele Bloch-Baur.  Adele is the “Woman in Gold.”


The film is based on the real life events in which Klimmt’s painting is stolen from Adele’s family during the Nazi occupation of Vienna.  We learn of these events through the recollections made by Maria Altmann, a Jewish Holocaust survivor and niece of Adele Bloch-Baur.  In the 1980’s Maria finds out that the Austrian government is making an effort to return stolen art to rightful pre-war owners.  She knows that Klimt’s portrait of her favorite aunt hangs in the Belvedere in Vienna, and that the painting rightfully belongs to her family.  Maria seeks the help of a family friend and attorney, Randal Schoenberg (grandson of Viennese composer Schoenberg) to get the painting back.


The film does a seamless job in its narration, toggling between WWII Vienna and contemporary Los Angeles, where Maria and young Randal Schoenberg plan their case against the Austrian government.  We are also treated to scenes of contemporary Vienna, as the pair travel to Austria on several occasions to research and present their findings to the serious and stern Viennese committee.


Helen Mirren is brilliantly cast as Maria Altmann.  Her intensity is perfect for Maria who, despite her loss and pain, is determined to win restitution.  Ryan Renolds as Randal Shoenberg is less convincing.  This role requires a more serious actor able to bring gravitas to the role, as Schoenberg also grieves relatives lost in the Holocaust.  


The highlight of the film is how well Viennese society is captured in Maria’s flashbacks to her privileged upbringing in an art, music, and love  filled home of the 1930’s.  The fashion and splendor are as breathtaking as Adele’s beauty, jewelry and all.  At the center of these gilded scenes is, of course, the stunning painting of Adele.  The joy and opulence of this family and subsequent  loss of it all at the hands of the Germans makes this film more bitter than sweet, although the visual beauty makes the heavy theme and sadness worth it.  The focus here is not about war atrocities but instead, it is about the insufferable pain and loss felt by those who survived it.



   




3. Book Review:


“The Only Woman in the Room”

Marie Benedict

Sourcebooks Landmark 

256 pages

August 6, 2019

ISBN 978-1492666899



Hedy Lamarr was a Hollywood bombshell, to be sure.  The historical fiction book about Hedy, “The Only Woman in the Room,” was, however, just a dud.  


Hedy, named Hedwig Kiesler, was born into an affluent Jewish family in Vienna, Austria in 1914.  Her mother was a concert pianist and her father was a  banker.  Hedy was drawn to the theater at a young age and had a successful early stage career.  She was perhaps more famous for her great beauty.  This beauty attracted many suitors but the book focuses on her courtship and marriage to Austrian arms manufacturer, Friedrich Mandel.  


Mandel was many years her senior and a powerful man in Austria as well as a “colleague” of Mussolini and eventually, Hiltler.  The book chronicles the abusive marriage and her growing feeling of entrapment in the months before Austria’s annexation to Nazi Germany.  Hedy plots her getaway,  but before she slips away, she is privy to conversations and intel shared in meetings between her husband and Nazi officials. This information stays with her as she reinvents herself as an American actress during Hollywood’s Golden Age.


What should be the focus of Hedy’s story is her brilliant mind and her immense contributions to science and modern telecom.  Unfortunately, the author spends most of the book’s pages chronicling the tawdry details of Hedy’s life as a pinup girl. This would be ok for a beach read or if Hedy didn’t have more to offer the world.  I found myself disappointed not to learn more about her science background or how she came to develop the specialized bomb technology she is known for.  In short, “The Only Woman in the Room” was an introduction to a fascinating woman I was glad to meet but the Wikipedia page offered more of what I wanted to know about her while sparing me the dime store romance details of her life told through repetitive language and mediocre writing.  




4. One Documented Waypoint for Group-Created Clio Tour 

Nicole Ahn. "Cafe Fauenhuber." Clio: Your Guide to History. 

5.  Visual Thinking Anaylsis


I recognized Hunderwasser’s work from across the room.  Delighted to see it at the Belvedere, I made my way toward it and enjoyed losing myself in the swirls.  Without Klimt we wouldn’t have Hunderwasser.  There is a relationship here that I wish I knew more about.  The museum tag mentions Friedrich’s wish to have his painting displayed next to The Kiss.  This never happened but for a short while, they are housed together, a floor apart, for the 300th anniversary of the Belvedere.  Hundertwasser understood the cyclical nature of life and the interconnectedness of all things. The two works are certainly connected for me. 



2. Blue

The bold blue sadness in this painting is just beautiful.  The woman’s downcast eyes and resting pose suggest a pause or perhaps momentary reflection.  The severe dark lines that outline her figure and the drapering give the painting a solemn strength.   It feels like a heavy sigh.  After reading the museum tag I learned that this was painted by Helena van Taussig, a Jewish painter who was killed in the Holocaust.  Helena came from a respected assimilated Jewish family who were part of the bourgeoisie of Vienna society.  She studied at the School of Applied Arts in Vienna.  After WWI she moved to Salzburg and converted to Catholicism.  Her origins were discovered and she was deported and killed.  This painting hangs in the Belvedere along with other art by artists lost in the Holocaust.



3. Hair Scare!

I was caught off guard by this sweet little piece at the Belvedere. I was immediately drawn to its small size, monochromatic tones, and beautiful ornate frame.  It was in good company at the Upper Belvedere in a room with other Biedermeier pieces.  Typical to Bidermeier works, the paintings in this room were idyllic domestic and family scenes.  At first glance, I assumed the petite floral was ornamentation that one might have as part of Biedermeier decor at home.  Upon closer inspection, wondering if the flowers were dried, I realized it was not straw but human hair!  This was new for me, although after a bit of research, I’ve come to learn that the Victorian age was full of death and this inspired a preoccupation with macabre practices, such as commemorating a loved one by keeping bones, teeth, or hair.  Hair can last for centuries, as this piece of art shows.


Still curious?!

Hair in Art



6. Cultural Insights Posted as WhatsApp Texts


Strolling along Mariahilf Strasse, in the shopping district, I came across huge images of Hedy Lamarr.  They were part of a construction site advertising a new luxury shopping mall called “Lamarr.”  Hedy’s glamourous Hollywood image is the face of the project.  On one billboard the text had been graffiti changed from “She wanted in America to become the biggest screen star of all time” to “She wanted to become a physicist but was made into the biggest screen star of all time.” As an Austrian icon of beauty, I appreciated that the graffiti tag reminds us of her intellect.



4. Lobmeyr

Founded in Vienna in 1823, The Lobmeyr glassware shop on Kaernter Strasse 6 is just as it was 200 years ago.  Known the world over for beautiful craftsmanship and breathtaking design, the chandeliers and glassware in the original shop are simply a wonder.  The storefront is stately and elegant; something of a curiosity on a street that features modern, contemporary fashion.  We loved the sparkle and shine of everything in this 2 story jewelbox.  Lobmeyr chandeliers hang in New York City’s Metropolitan Opera.  Prices for the ones we saw in the store started at 30,000 Euros.  A single stemmed wine glass starts at 100.  Jewels indeed!



2. Pardon the Language!

Austrians learn English at an early age in school.  Most people I met spoke English very well.  I also found Austrians to have a sly, dry sense of humor.  The city abounds with cheeky and clever examples of this wit.  I’m not sure what this neon sign is about, but it made me chuckle.  Of course, one must see the art in Vienna.  Sushi?  I think it’s here for the tourists.



3. Lukas

This is Lukas.  I met him at a farmer’s market in the Burgenland region.  I was immediately struck by his tattoo.  Any German speaking child knows this image.  It comes from a “Der Struwwelpeter” by Heinrich Hoffman, published in 1845.  Written for his young son, the book contains 10 cautionary tales to scare children into behaving.  This image from the book is the burning girl who played with matches, reducing her to a pile of ashes while her cats look on and weep.  “Der Struwwelpeter” has been translated into many languages, including an English translation by Mark Twain.  Lukas just liked the artwork.  



4. Gustav Klimt

Klimt is best known for his painting, “The Kiss”at the Belvedere.  It features a flat treatment of the canvas and his signature ornamentation and use of gold leaf.  This image is a detail of a much earlier painting from 1894, painted in remarkable detail.  Kimmt’s treatment of the gold jewelry seems to foreshadow his love of both the color and the use of gold as a medium 



7. One Travel Writing Piece 

Burgenlander Family Weekend


My mother comes from Pinkafeld, Austria.  This tiny town lies along the Pinka River in the province of Burgenland, a land steeped in history and dotted with castles.  In German, “burg” means castle.  Burgenland is the easternmost Austrian province, therefore the closest to the countries and cultures of Eastern Europe, sharing borders with Slovakia, Hungary, and Slovenia.  I am not close with my mother’s family in Burgenland and hadn’t visited in 25 years.  The free weekend of our CIDRE program seemed the perfect opportunity to spend some time with these Austrian relatives both to reestablish connections and to do some more personal cultural investigating.  Who are the Burgenlander people?  


My original plan was to take a bus from Vienna Hauptbahnhof to Oberwart, where my cousin Manfred lives.  He was to be my host for the weekend.  At the last minute, I received a WhatsApp from another cousin, Johannes, who messaged that he would drive the 1 ½ hours to pick me up personally.  Such a generous offer!  My Catholic priest cousin arrived on time, we sized each other up, hugged, and off we went, southbound toward Burgenland in a Honda civic playing classic rock.  It was great to catch up on 25 years of happenings and I was grateful for the crash course in names, events, family ailments and hard luck stories.  It was such an engaging conversation that Hannes did not smoke a single cigarette on the drive; very rare, I came to find out.


 Once in Pinkafeld, we picked up Hannes’ mother, my aunt Gisela.  At 90, “Gisi” is the oldest of my mother’s 5 siblings. She was named after my grandmother, or Oma in German.  Gisi was just as I remembered her from years ago.  Her home was tidy, her hair perfectly curled, and she was ready with an aperitif.  A little bubbly was certainly in order.  Let the weekend begin!   


The 3 of us scooted off to Oberwart to join the gathered relatives at Manfred’s house.  In attendance were my aunt Marrianne (my mother's other sister), her daughter Andrea, Andrea’s 17 year old son Alexander, Cousin Martin, his wife Elfi, Manfred and his wife Marion.  It was a welcoming and jovial group.  The awkwardness I had anticipated at having to converse in a difficult dialect evaporated quickly.  The evening was full of storytelling, laughter, grilled meats, and Uhudler wine.  It was lovely just to sit back and watch these kind, warm people interact so playfully with each other.  Clearly, this family is close and see each other often.  Cousin Manfred was the entertainer, retelling a family favorite about Gisi and sister Marianne once being mistaken for the “Golden Girls.”


Saturday morning began with a trip to the farmer’s market, held in the public square of Oberwart.  Manfred and Marion never miss, bringing baskets and porcelain cups with them.  Their tradition is always the same; start with coffee.  Coffee is served from the back of a small truck by a local who knows everyone’s order.  Market goers bring their own cups from home and stand to enjoy coffee and conversation at a few small tables in front of the coffee truck.  The mood was friendly and interactive, as people clearly know each other at this market.  I was introduced to many artist and farmer friends.  After a good bit of socializing, we made our way around the market, shopping for fresh bread, cheese, and vegetables.  


 Following our famer’s market breakfast at home, we connected with another carload of relatives and embarked on an outing to a castle featuring the exhibit “100 Jahr Burgenland.”  Held at castle Friedensburg in Schlaining, this exhibit was filled with historical images, articles, and artifacts chronicling the 100 year history of Burgenland.  It was fascinating to learn about the people and cultures of this “crossroads'' province.  Burgenland was once a Hungarian province.  In 1921, at the end of WWI,  political boundaries were drawn that left Croatian, Slovenian, and Hungarian towns within Austria’s new border.  The languages of these people as well as the Roma language are still heard in Burgenland today.  German is the most spoken language, but Burgenland works hard to maintain harmony among these different language groups.  Students from Hungarian speaking families can attend Hungarian language schools.


“Burgenland is characterized by a strong “we-feeling” on a village level.  It has historical experience with the integration of the ethnic and religious minorities.  After a past of racist-driven social and political exclusion and even persecution, today the Burgenalandian Croatians, Hungarians, and Roma are now legally recognized as ethnic groups widely accepted by society.  In critical times, Burgenland has shown that it is willing to reach out and help refugees.”         

-100 Jahr Burgenland Exhibit


Burgenland was also once home to many Jewish settlements. In the 1934 census, 3,632 people professed to be Jewish (1.2% of Burgenland’s population). The Nazi annexation of Austria brought an end to community life for the Jewish people here, as more than ⅓ of this population was murdered in the Holocaust.  Only a few Jews returned after 1945.  The one and only synagogue that remains in Burgenland is the Wertheimerhaus in Eisenstadt.  I appreciated the candid way the exhibit handled this dark history.


“Museum exhibits and narratives are insufficient to even partially describe the suffering that National Socialism brought on the people.   In Burgenland, thousands of people suffered persecution, displacement, torture and even cruel murder because of their ethnic background, beliefs, sexual orientation, political convictions or for daring to offer resistance.  30 biographies are intended to honor the memory of these victims and to sharpen our critical awareness of impending dangers in the present and future.  We also do not hide the perpetrators and openly address their role in the Nazi terror apparatus.” 

- 100 Jahr Burgenland Exhibit


Indeed, the stories of 30 Burgenlander people were shared through videos.  These were first-person narratives of experiences from WWII, the Hungarian Revolution, refugees fleeing Eastern Europe, and the fall of the Iron Curtain.  These stories were fascinating and taught me a lot about both Austria and Burgenland.  It was helpful to tour the exhibit with relatives that could share their experiences and answer my questions.   I made connections to stories my mom has told me about the Russian soldiers that occupied her town during WWll.  I shared the exhibit’s online link with my mom.  I look forward to talking with her when we next get the chance. The exhibit’s website includes digitally uploaded stories from the many Burganlanders that have left the province, like my mom.  There is so much more to read and learn.


This heavy history outing was made lighter by a delicious lunch and local wine in a heuriger, a typical family-run Austrian vineyard which also offered a few meat dishes.  Burgenland is swine and wine country and neither disappointed.  My glass of dry white was wonderful and the wurst was not the worst.  Manfred’s ribs, however, were the best!.  I was glad for his uber hospitality in insisting I have a bite.


Later that evening, I found myself at Martin’s house.  My cousin Martin has 3 kids, all grown and living nearby.  His middle son, Thomas, was recently promoted to the position of head coach of the professional soccer team in Moedling, south of Vienna.  Flyeralarm Admira soccer club has had its ups and downs over the years and is currently in the second tier of Austrian professional soccer.  Thomas is a very young coach at 28 and expectations are high.  His success is a great source of pride for Martin’s family and it was fun to talk soccer as I too, love the sport.  When I asked Martin if he’d travel to see all the home games he looked conflicted.  He explained that this is a  new situation; when Thomas was a player, he never missed a chance to see him play.  Coaching soccer is now his job and Martin does not want to add additional pressure to what is already stressful.  He did, however, plan to go to Kaernten the next morning to watch Flyeralarm Admira’s opener.


The evening at Martin’s continued with wine, water, and a “snack” I was encouraged to try. “Grammeln” was brought to the table and I was shown how to scoop a few spoonfuls of the small, crispy pork pieces into a bowl, mixing in salt and garlic powder.  This savory mix is eaten with a slice of bread.  Essentially, grammeln are salted bacon bits on bread.  The family was delighted that I liked it.  I mean, bacon, right?!  We shifted from savory to sweet with homemade Sacher schnitten; individual slices of the famous Austrian Sacher torte, each covered in chocolate all the way around.  Although it was evening, dessert was, of course, served with coffee.  The coffee tradition runs deep and I suspended my “no caffeine after 4:00 rule.”   Sacher-anything is made better with coffee.


Manfred and Marion waited up until I returned to their house. Manfred was happy to hear about the grammeln success and Marion, in striped overalls, was in the kitchen with a pile of greens just “playing with herbs,” as she put it.  Manfred adores his wife and teases her often about her creative and curious ways.  She works as a pharmacist at the local hospital where they met, but has many other interests outside of work. Marion dances in a contemporary dance group, loves to read, cook, hike, bike, travel, and throw theme parties.  (The most recent of those was a 50th birthday party with a “Mama Mia” theme-amazing!)  Marion is fluent in both English and French.  She was looking forward to an upcoming trip on a houseboat on the Loire.  As an “Umweltshuetzerin,” or environmentalist, her travels do not include air travel .  


Sunday morning was lovely- sunny and warm with just a touch of humidity.  Marion was already at work in the gorgeous garden, gathering herbal greens in a basket. We enjoyed breakfast on the veranda overlooking the small yard full of plants and bushes both ornamental and edible.  The veranda was draped in verdant Uhudler vines.  Manfred is really into these grapes.  Uhudler grapes make the pinky colored wine he loves and Marion makes Uhudler jam, which she served with breakfast. Of course, coffee.  I recognized the farmer’s market bread from Saturday, as well as some of the cheeses they purchased from market locals.  This was not a muesli situation; meats, cheeses, and soft-boiled eggs.  My favorite part of breakfast with these two was the tea Marion makes from garden herbs.  Lemon verbena and other herbs are steeped in a ceramic teapot handmade by a friend.  The tea is light, fresh, and the most beautiful color.  It looked and tasted like an elixir of health.  The plates from which we ate were also beautifully crafted by a friend.  The way of life I experienced with the Wagner’s was intentional and inspirational. 


Our last adventure of the weekend was another drive through the countryside along the border and into Hungary.  Although we’d just had a hearty breakfast, Manfred insisted we stop at the best ice cream spot in the area.  There was already a line in the shop at 10:30.  I ordered tiramisu and coconut- divine!  Manfred got Uhudler, of course.  We made a few more stops at castles and pulled over a few times to enjoy the views of rolling hills, tall grasses, and vineyards.  The border crossing was smooth. Just a look and a nod from a sleepy young guard in military uniform and we rolled into Hungary.  The differences in the villages on the Hungarian side were visible immediately.  Gone were the sidewalks and the cared for gardens.  Overgrown ditches lined the streets and the architectural styles of the modest homes were unrelated to each other, giving the town a patchwork look.  Most of what I saw looked worn and dilapidated.  I was told that most of the people living just across the border travel to Austria for better job opportunities. I was challenged trying to read the Hungarian language on the street signs.  Rural Hungary is clearly quite different from rural Burgenland.  I couldn’t help but wonder whether the regions had been more similar in Franz Josef’s Empire, before their split on either side of the Iron Curtain.  My mother and her family certainly had better opportunities when Burgenland became part of Austria.


The highlight of the day was a hike through the wine country back on the Austrian side of the border.  We parked the car in a shady spot.  The non-hikers remained there, reading the newspaper. Marion, Andrea, and I headed out into the sunshine and up into the gently rolling hills to take in the views.  This part of Burgenland is known for its white wines, which are lovely.  As we ascended a few hills and the day got warmer, I was completely charmed by tiny little houses tucked into the vineyards called “keller stoeckl.”  Keller stoeckl are small sheds that have a wine cellar basement and a small room above.  They are pint-sized wine cabins each built in a slightly different style, but always integrated into the vineyard.  I could not get enough of these charming little cuties.  Marion said they are family owned and can be rented for the weekend.  On my list for next time! 


As my Burgenland weekend came to a close, my Austrian family insisted on taking me part way toward Vienna, again not allowing me to take a bus.  We traveled to Wiener Neustadt, where I caught the train the rest of the way.   Somewhere on this hour-long drive I asked if anyone knew how Thomas’s Flyer Alarm team had done.  Manfred immediately called his cousin on speaker phone and we got the rundown of the game.  Tied 2-2 after 90 minutes, Flyer Alarm won 4-2 in extra time.  The whole car erupted in cheer!   I loved being in the car for this sweet moment.  It was such a warm ending to a true family weekend; a family who so clearly support and care deeply for one another.  I will not let another 25 years pass before I visit again.  Burgenland and its people are special.  




Countryside road trip through Burgenland with cousin Manfred, aunt Marianne, cousin Andrea.

  This castle was home to the exhibit "100 Jahr Burgenland."

Digesting heavy history and heavy lunch at a local heurige.

Baked goods from the farmer's market in Oberwart.

Homemade tea in a handmade vessel- happy, healthy Manfred among his Uhudler vines.

Coffee talk with Gisi, Marianne, and Sacher-schnitten.

Vineyard views on the Hungarian border.

One of many charming keller-stoeckl, or wine cabins.

Who doesn't love Uhudler...for breakfast?!

Shining brightly in Burgenland.

My new favorite team- Flyeralarm Admira from Moedling.

8. Lesson Plan


8th Grade “Works in Progress” Portrait Lesson:  What Makes You, You?


In this lesson, 8th graders are introduced to a short history of portraiture in art.  Google slides include Nefertiti’s portrait bust from Egypt, Jan vanEyck’s first self portrait during the Renaissance, self portraits by Picasso, Dali, Andy Warhol,  Frida Kahlo, and contemporary works from the NCMA.  Special edition Vienna portraits will also be shown, as time allows.  


Working from a black and white photograph of themselves, students study the proportions of their own face.  The photograph is folded down the center, creating a line of symmetry.  Protractors and rulers are used to find the correct placement of  features.   The face is drawn one half at a time.  Students are encouraged to draw what they see, not what they think they see or an idealized version of themselves; the likeness should be recognizable.


The goal of this self-reflective art assignment is to learn about portraiture and examine the self in recreating one’s likeness.  We are all works in progress and this art project is a snapshot of who we are (what we look like) at this point in time.  



9. Three Technical Projects on Selected Cultural Theme

Cultural Theme: Looking at Austrian history and identity through portraiture


Portraits tell us much about the time period in which they were created as well as something about the people represented.  This changed over time, as artists began to paint everyday people as well as themselves in self portraits.  These more modern works often revealed the subject’s inner life in addition to their outward appearance.  


My interest in portraiture stems from the portrait projects I do with students, connecting SEL in the exploration of self and identity.  I was also curious what I might learn about the Austrian national identity and how Austrians see themselves. 




Portraits in Vienna.mov

Portraits in Vienna

These portrait images are photographs I took in and around Vienna.  Museums visited include Schoenbrunn, Kunsthistorisches, Leopold, Haus der Musik, Belvedere, Augustinian Monastery at St. Florian, Abbey at Melk, and the 100 Jahr Burgenland exhibition in Schlaining.  Where photography was not allowed, I bought postcards and photographed those.


I cropped the photos to strip them bare of their ornate and gilded frames.  What is left is the face of a person.  Who are these people?  What can we know of them?  Early portraiture captured likenesses that were flattering and meant to convey the importance of the sitter.  Later Viennese portraits were commissioned by middle class families in hopes of joining the upper echelons of society.  Modern portraiture captured the inner psychology of the sitter and many artists turned their attention on themselves, expressing their complex inner lives through self-portraiture. 


Music:  Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Op. 125 





Padlet: Klimt in Vienna

This Padlet is both a resource and a scrapbook of the Klimt paintings I enjoyed at the Belvedere, Secession, and the Leopold.   I was particularly interested in his many beautiful portraits of women.  The videos give insight into Klimt's early style, his break from convention, his relationships with women, and his unexpected acceptance by Nazis.


TRIPCAST


I thought this travel share app would be ideal for sharing photos, observations and map locations.  It is interactive and easy to use- my family loved it.  It is not an ideal platform for sharing with a large audience or for publishing on the web.  These are a few screenshots for reference.  Anyone hoping to be invited will need to request permission through this link:

https://tripcast.co/i/BWZG8MYJ



The maps are great!  I love having a record of exactly where I was and the distance between locations.



Pixlr

Here's a quick try at Pixlr with a few images.



Knightlab Timeline

Scroll through Austrian history to learn about the empire and the development of portraiture.