Make sure you understand the assignment!
Review the rubric, if provided, and clarify any issues with your professor before you get started.
Select a topic.
This may require a preliminary investigation of the general subject area, using sources with a broader perspective such as books and the Web.
Begin to develop your research question.
If required by the assignment, develop a thesis* about some aspect of the topic.
*Thesis - a statement about a topic that you intend to prove by providing evidence to support it.
Be aware that you may continue to refine your research question after you begin examining the available literature.
Find evidence and sources, saving your references in a systematic way.
Remember that journal articles tend to provide specific information on a narrow topic area, while books tend to provide a broader perspective!
If you’re asked to use scholarly sources, look for content written by experts for a knowledgeable audience using discipline-specific language. These resources will generally contain citations and references to support the authors’ arguments.
Use some of our tools for searching and discovery!
Keep track of your research with a citation manager like Mendeley or Zotero!
Critically evaluate evidence and sources.
Check out this short video for how to approach reading a scholarly article.
Develop a structure or outline for the assignment, including the reference list.
The IMRaD outline may be adapted for most papers--even reflection assignments!
Introduction - What is your topic or research question and what prompted you to select it?
Methods - How did you explore the topic?
Results - What did you find out about the topic?
Discussion - What conclusions can you draw as a result of your exploration?
Write your first draft.
If you need help getting started, refer to these tips!
Polish, format, and revise reference list to just include those resources you cited.
Remember: Writing is editing! Doing revisions is just part of the writing process.
APA requires that you cite every reference in your text and you provide a reference for every citation.