MLA: Citations

Works Cited Page:

For a Works Cited page, your citations should be created with this order of elements:

• Author

• Title of Source

• Title of Container

• Contributor

• Version

• Number

• Publisher

• Publication Date

• Location

For a Scholarly Journal the following needs to be included:

• Volume number

• Issue number

• Year

• Page numbers

For an Internet Source the following information needs to be included:

• Date of access

• Containers

• URL (Uniform Resource Locators) also known as links

Combination of sources happens. As an example, you can have an ONLINE Scholarly Journal that also has a printed version of the Journal. In this case, you need to follow the internet sources rules in addition to the scholarly journal ones.

Examples: Do not copy/paste as the formatting is incorrect

Book:

Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication, Publisher, Publication Date.

(The City of Publication should only be used if the book was published before 1900, if the publisher has offices in more than one country, or if the publisher is unknown in North America.)

Schmidt, Gavin. Climate Change: Picturing the Science. W.W. Norton, 2009.

Article in a Scholarly Journal:

Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal, Volume, Issue, Year, pages.

Kameyama, Yasuko, and Yukari Takamura. “Climate Change and Security: Filling Remaining Gaps.” Politics and Governance, vol. 9, no. 4, Dec. 2021, p. 1.

Internet Sources:

Author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number (if available), Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available), DOI (preferred), otherwise include a URL or permalink. Date of access (if applicable).

The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. owl.purdue.edu/owl. Accessed 1 Jan. 2022

In-Text Citations:

Print Sources:

For printed sources that you use in your text, you need to use parenthetical citations.

Example: “ To be or not to be that is the question…” (Shakespeare, PAGE NUMBER)

If the author's name appears in the sentence itself, you can just use the page number.

Example: Shakespeare said “ To be or not to be that is the question…” (PAGE NUMBER).

IN-DEPTH BOOK:

This section of the MLA citation guide will give a more detailed explanation of book sources and their formats. To effectively use these citations identify what kind of source yours is then find the correct title down below that best describes the identified source.

BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR:

Author Last Name, First Name. Title. Publisher, Year.

BOOKS WITH MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR:

The authors after the first one go in first name last name order.

Author Last Name, Firstname, First Name,Last Name, and First Name Last Name. Title. Publisher, Year.

If there are MORE than three authors list only the first author using Last Name First Name then add et al.

Last Name, First Name, et al.Title. Publisher, Year.

BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR:

If you have multiple books by the same author you can list the first source first then for the sources after it you can use three hyphens and a period —. To replace the author's first and last name.

Author Last Name, Firstname. Title. Publisher, Year.

—.Title. Publisher, Year

—.Title. Publisher, Year

BOOK BY AN ORGANIZATION OR CORPORATE AUTHOR:

Organization or Corporate Author. Title. Publisher, Year.

BOOK WITH NO AUTHOR:

Title. Publisher, Year

A TRANSLATED BOOK:

Last Name, First Name. Title: Subtitle (Capitalized). Translated by First Name Last Name, Publisher, Date.

REPUBLISHED BOOK:

Last Name, First Name. Title. Original Publication Date. Publisher of new edition, new publication date.

AN EDITION OF A BOOK:

Last Name, First Name and First Name Last Name. Title. # ed., Publisher, Date.

AN EDITION OF A BOOK PREPARED BY AN EDITOR:

Last Name, First Name of Original Author. Title, edited by First Name Last Name, Publisher, Date.

ANTHOLOGY OR COLLECTION:

Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name, editors. Title. Publisher, Date.

A WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY REFERENCE OR COLLECTION:

Last name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection, edited by Editor's Name(s), Publisher, Year, Page range of entry.

ARTICLE IN A REFERENCE BOOK:

“Entry Name.” Title. # ed. Date.

A MULTIVOLUME WORK:

Last Name, First Name. Title. Translated by First Name Last Name, vol. #, Publisher, Date.

AN INTRODUCTION, PREFACE, FOREWORD, OR AFTERWORD:

Last Name, First Name. Introduction. Title, by Author’s Last Name, Publisher, Date, pp. Page range.

BOOK PUBLISHED BEFORE 1900:

Last Name, First Name. Title. Publishing City, Date.

THE BIBLE:

The Bible. Version, # ed., Publisher, Date.

A GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION:

Country, Agency, Committee. Title. Publisher, Date. # of Congress, # Session, Report Number.

A PAMPHLET:

Title. Publisher, Date.

PERIODICALS: MAGAZINES NEWSPAPERS AND SCHOLARLY JOURNALS

ARTICLE IN A MAGAZINE:

Author. “Title of Article.” Title of periodical, Day Month Year, pages.

ARTICLE IN A NEWSPAPER:

If there are two editions in the same day you would add the edition used after the newspaper title.

If the newspaper is not well-known or is a local publication, you should include the city name in brackets after the title

Author. “Title of Article.” Title of periodical , Day Month Year, pages.

Author. “Title of Article.” Title of periodical , late ed., Day Month Year, pages.

Author. “Title of Article.” Title of periodical , [CITY AND STATE], Day Month Year, pages

A REVIEW:

For a review the title of work should be in italics for books, plays and films and “ “ for articles, poems and short stories.

Review Author. "Title of Review (if there is one)." Review of Performance Title, by Author/Director/Artist. Title of Periodical, Day Month Year, page.

EDITORIAL OR LETTER TO THE EDITOR:

Author. Letter “Title of Article.” Title of periodical , Day Month Year, pages.

Author. “Title of Article.” Editorial. Title of periodical , Day Month Year, pages.

ANONYMOUS ARTICLES:

For anonymous articles start the citation with the title first then finish the citation using

the format needed as you would for any other periodical source.

SCHOLARLY JOURNAL:

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, Volume, Issue, Year, pages.

ARTICLE IN A SPECIAL ISSUE OF A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL:

You need to add the following information to the citation if it is a special issue.

special issue of Title of the Journal

Authors. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, special issue of Title of the Journal, Volume, Issue, Year, pages.

Internet entries would follow the same format or as close to it and include a DOI (digital object identifier) if it is available, in the absence of a DOI include a URL or permalink. This information would be added to the end of the citation.

WHEN USING ELECTRONIC SOURCES, KEEP OR CREATE A BACKUP.

FOR ARTICLES, YOU CAN USE THE PRINT PAGE AND THE OPTION TO PRINT AS PDF TO SAVE IT TO YOUR COMPUTER. THE BOOKMARK FUNCTION IS ALSO USEFUL FOR VIDEO LINKS IF A DOWNLOAD OPTION IS NOT AVAILABLE. KEEP TRACK OF YOUR ACCESS DATES.

SCHOLARLY JOURNAL ARTICLES: LOOK FOR A DOI or digital object identifier.

ONLINE NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES: LOOK FOR A PERMALINK. This will be a share or cite this button that will contain a link that is stable.

URL ADDRESSES SHOULD BE YOUR LAST OPTION.

Basic Citation Elements For Electronic Sources:

• Author

• “Article name”

• Title of website, project or book

• Version Number, Edition, revisions, posting date, volume, issue number

• Publisher information, include publisher name and publishing date

• Page Numbers or Paragraph Numbers

• DOI, URL(remove http(s)://) or Permalink

• Date Accessed

Author. "Title." Title of container (self contained if book), Other contributors (translators or editors), Version (edition), Number (vol. and/or no.), Publisher, Publication Date, Location (pages, paragraphs and/or URL, DOI or permalink). 2nd container’s title, Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication date, Location, Date of Access (if applicable).

Citing An Whole Website:

The same format as above, however if there is no single author available use a compiler name. this would go first in the citation replacing the author.

Course or Department Websites:

Instructor Name. Title of course. Department or School Name.

Example:

Library Catalog. Millbrook School, Nov. 2021,

sites.google.com/millbrook.org/library/home?authuser=0. Accessed 11 January 2022.

A Single Page On A Website:

Author. “Tile of page or article.” Website Name, DOI/URL. Access Date.

E-BOOK:

Follow the format for physical books and in the version spot use the e-book term.

Sources that use a specific reader device or service example an Kindle. Instead of using e-book in the version slot, you would use Kindle.

EBOOK CITATION:

An Image:

Artist Name. Work of Art Name. Date created. Location of work. Name of website, URL. Date accessed.

Web Only Image/Art:

Artist Name. “Title of Work”, Website Name, Publisher affiliated with the site, day month year, URL.

An article in a web magazine:

Author Name. “Title Of Article.” Title of web magazine, publisher name, Publication date, URL. Access date.

An article in an online scholarly journal:

Author. “Title of Article.” Name of Journal, vol., no., Year published, URL. Access date.

Article in an Online Scholarly Journal That Also Appears in Print

Author. “Title of Article.” Name of Journal, vol., no., Year published, page numbers, URL. Access date.

ARTICLE FROM AN ONLINE DATABASE or OTHER ELECTRONIC SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE

AUTHOR. “Title of article.” Title of journal, volume number, edition, Year published, page numbers. Database name, DOI or URL. Access date.

EMAIL:

Author. “ Subject line.” Received by name, Date of message.

Discussion Group, Listserve, Blog:

Author or compiler name (if available). “Posting Title.” Name of Site, Version number (if available), Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), URL. Date of access.

A TWEET:

Twitter Handle.” Tweet Message.” Twitter, Date, Time, URL.

YOUTUBE VIDEO:

Author. “Title of Video.” Youtube, uploaded by name, upload date, URL.

A COMMENT ON A WEBSITE OR ARTICLE:

Username. Comment on “Article Title.” Publisher Name, Date, Time, URL.