A CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Method of Generating fls2 Knockout Mutants in Nicotiana Benthamiana
A CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Method of Generating fls2 Knockout Mutants in Nicotiana Benthamiana
About Me
Hello! My name is Moriah Weiss (she/her) and I am a Biology major (biochemistry emphasis) and Spanish minor from St. Paul, Minnesota. A long-time fascination with CRISPR-Cas9 led me to take Gene Editing: Fundamentals and Applications, an upper level biology course offered at Macalester in Fall 2025, wherein we conducted research in plant immunity that led to this capstone project. After graduation, I plan to gain more laboratory experience in biochemistry and apply for graduate school, where my ambition is to pursue research that will lead to the development of innovative molecular therapies for otherwise untreatable diseases. In my free time, I enjoy reading, creative writing, and competitive foil fencing.
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 has gained popularity in recent years for its ability to efficiently induce targeted genetic modifications in a variety of organisms, including plants. Gene editing techniques are particularly useful when investigating the function of a gene. In this plant immunity project we sought to use a CRISPR-Cas9 system to disable FLS2, a receptor-like kinase involved in flagellin perception, which initiates a pattern-triggered immune (PTI) response. Previous research has illustrated that this receptor binds with high specificity to flg22, a 22 amino acid sequence contained in flagella, but uncertainty remains regarding the binding specificity of FLS2 across diverse angiosperms. To elucidate this, we sought to create a complementation system by disabling the FLS2 receptor in tobacco using a CRISPR-Cas9 approach to generate fls2 knock-out mutants. To reach this end, we designed a Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) vector containing two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting the FLS2 gene, along with a fluorescent AmCyan tag, via Golden Gate cloning. After transformation of the final plasmid into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the vector was agroinfiltrated into 2-week-old tobacco seedlings expressing Cas9 through a needleless syringe applied to the abaxial side of leaves. One week later, we confirmed the successful introduction of the vector into the seedlings using UV light to detect the AmCyan tag, suggesting successful delivery of the sgRNAs. To determine the success of disabling FLS2, further genetic screening will be required. Future experiments will entail the complementation of fls2 with FLS2 from various plant species, allowing us to make comparisons across a diverse range of FLS2 receptors.