The Effects of Sponge Cover on Reef Health Measures
The Effects of Sponge Cover on Reef Health Measures
About Me
Hi, I’m Claire Lee, a biology major and environmental studies minor. I studied away with the Sea Education Association based in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. I visited St. Croix, Anguilla, Dominica, and Barbados with them to study their coral reef ecosystems, which is when I did the research I turned into my capstone project. I’m also a professional ultimate frisbee player with Minnesota Strike. I love marine sciences, playing frisbee, playing board games, and drawing.
Abstract
Sponges are key players in coral reef ecosystems, cycling nutrients and providing habitat and food for several animals. However, coral reefs are currently being decimated, due to facing a wide range of threats, such as ocean warming, acidification, and disease. As coral cover decreases, there are some scenarios where sponge reefs emerge, with sponge instead of coral or algae as the dominant benthic habitat provider. I set out to find if Caribbean coral reefs in St. Croix, Anguilla, and Dominica, are becoming sponge reefs, and holistically what effect sponges have on reef health as coral reefs go through the massive transition away from a coral-dominated benthos. The reefs we surveyed looked very bleak, never reaching more than 7.7% coral cover, and every site had an algae-dominated benthos, so we found no sponge reefs. After collecting data through snorkel surveys at six sites across the three islands, we found no relationship between sponge cover and coral cover, although we did find a negative correlation between sponge cover and fish biodiversity measured with the Shannon diversity index. This could have poor implications for sponge influences in algal communities and unsurprisingly for the health of reefs as they go through major benthic makeup changes. This research did not look at any of the variables on a temporal scale, which would give a much better concept of the health trends and trajectory of Caribbean reefs.