Africa

Africa Historical Understandings

SS7H1 Analyze continuity and change in Africa.

a. Explain how the European partitioning across Africa contributed to conflict, civil war, and artificial political boundaries in Africa today.

b. Explain how the Pan-African movement and nationalism led to independence in Kenya and Nigeria.

c. Explain the creation and end of apartheid in South Africa and the roles of Nelson Mandela and F.W.de Klerk.

Geographic Understandings

SS7G1 Locate selected features of Africa.

a. Locate on a world and regional political-physical map: Sahara, Sahel, savanna, tropical rain forest, Congo River, Niger River, Nile River, Lake Victoria, Great Rift Valley, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Atlas Mountains, and Kalahari Desert.

b. Locate on a world and regional political-physical map the countries of Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Sudan.

SS7G2 Explain environmental issues across the continent of Africa.

a. Explain how water pollution and unequal access to water impacts irrigation, trade, industry, and drinking water.

. Explain the relationship between poor soil and deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa.

c. Explain the impact of desertification on the environment of Africa.

SS7G3 Explain the impact of location, climate, and physical characteristics on population distribution in Africa.

a. Explain how the characteristics in the Sahara, Sahel, savanna, and tropical rain forest impact trade and affect where people live.

SS7G4 Analyze the diverse cultural characteristics of the people who live in Africa.

a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group.

b. Describe the diversity of religions within African ethnic groups.

Government/Civic Understandings

SS7CG1 Compare and contrast different forms of citizen participation in government.

a. Explain the role of citizen participation in autocratic and democratic governments.

b. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.

c. Explain the role of citizens in choosing the leaders of South Africa (parliamentary democracy), Nigeria (presidential democracy), and Kenya (presidential democracy).

SS7CG2 Analyze how government instability in Africa impacts standard of living.

a. Describe the impact of government instability on access to education and the distribution of medicine and food to combat diseases and famine across Africa.

Economic Understandings

SS7E1 Analyze different economic systems.

a. Compare how traditional, command, and market economies answer the economic questions of 1-what to produce, 2-how to produce, and 3-for whom to produce.

b. Explain that countries have a mixed economic system located on a continuum between pure market and pure command.

c. Compare and contrast the economic systems in South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya.

SS7E2 Explain how voluntary trade benefits buyers and sellers in Africa.

a. Explain how specialization encourages trade between countries.

b. Compare and contrast different types of trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas, and embargoes.

c. Explain why international trade requires a system for exchanging currencies between nations.

SS7E3 Describe factors that influence economic growth and examine their presence or absence in Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya.

a. Evaluate how literacy rates affect the standard of living.

b. Explain the relationship between investment in human capital (education and training) and gross domestic product (GDP per capita).

c. Explain the relationship between investment in capital goods (factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic product (GDP per capita).

d. Explain how the distribution of natural resources affects the economic development of Africa.

e. Describe the role of entrepreneurship.