Прочитати та перекласти.

Great Inventions 

Television (1920s) The invention that swept the world and changed leisure habits for countless millions was pioneered by Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird. It had been realised for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making it possible to transmit such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light.

Motor Car (Late 19th Century) With television, the car is probably the most widely used and most useful of all leisure-inspired inventions. German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petroldriven car in 1885 and the British motor industry started in 1896. Henry Ford was the first to use assembly line production for his Model Т car in 1908. Like them or hate them, cars have given people great freedom of travel.

Electricity The name came from the Greek word for amber and was coined by Elizabeth I's physician William Gilbert who was among those who noticed that amber had the power to attract light objects after being rubbed. In the 19th century such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on electricity.

Photography (Early 19th Century) Leonardo da Vinci had described the camera obscura photographic principle as early as 1515. But it was not until 1835 that Frenchman Louis Daguerre produced camera photography. The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures. 

Telephone (1876) Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered.

Computer (20th Century) The computer has been another life-transforming invention. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s, but it was not until more than a century later that theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information.

Aeroplane The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903. 

Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison was one of the most famous inventors of all time. He was born in a small town in the United States during the year 1847. When he was a young boy, Thomas found school to be very boring. A teacher once told Thomas's mother that he believed the young boy was rather stupid. However, Edison's mother knew better. She understood that her son was very intelligent. She then took him away from school and began to teach him herself. As a young man, Thomas Edison became very interested in inventing new machines. One of his first inventions was a small electrical machine that could be used for counting votes. However, the government was not interested in his invention. But Edison was not discouraged. He continued inventing, and his next invention was an electrical machine that could be used for recording the prices of stocks. This invention was very popular and successful.

Probably the most famous invention of Edison's is the electric light bulb. Before Edison, there had been some electric lights, but these were very expensive. In 1879, Edison invented a new kind of light bulb that could shine for a long time. Within a few years, Edison's electric lights were used on the streets of cities in many countries. Soon after, people began using electric lights in their homes.

Another invention of Edison's is no longer used today. That invention was called the phonograph. It was a machine that could be used to record sounds, such as music and conversation. When Edison invented this machine, in 1877, it was the first time that anyone had been able to preserve sounds. Today, people do not use the phonograph any more. Instead, they use compact discs (or CDs) to record music and other sounds.

Edison also helped to improve some inventions that already existed. For example, he made improvements to the telephone and to the cameras that are used in making movies. However, Edison is most famous for his inventions, such as the light bulb and the phonograph. Edison lived to an old age, and he died in 1931. Although Edison was an extremely creative man, he believed that his success was due to many hours of hard work. He once said that "Genius is one per cent inspiration, and ninety-nine percent perspiration." In other words, a successful person should have good ideas, but the most important thing is to work very hard.

I. Are these statements true or false?

1. The most famous invention of Edison's is the electric light bulb.

2. As a young man, Thomas Edison became very interested in books.

3. Another invention of Edison's is invention was called the phonograph.

4. The phonograph is used nowadays.

5. In 1879, Edison invented a new kind of light bulb that couldn’t shine for a long time.

6. Edison was an extremely creative man.

ІІ. Put the sentences in the correct order according to the text.

1. Edison invented phonograph in 1877.

2. His next invention was an electrical machine that could be used for recording the prices of stocks.

3. He made improvements to the telephone and to the cameras that are used in making movies.

4. The most famous invention of Edison's is the electric light bulb.

5. One of his inventions was a small electrical machine that could be used for counting votes.

(1. One of his inventions was a small electrical machine that could be used for counting votes.

2. His next invention was an electrical machine that could be used for recording the prices of stocks.

3. The most famous invention of Edison's is the electric light bulb.

4. Edison invented phonograph in 1877.

5. He made improvements to the telephone and to the cameras that are used in making movies.)

III. Answer some questions on this text:

1. When and where was Edison born?

2. What was he interested when he was a young man?

3. What was his first invention?

4. Was his next invention very popular and successful?

5. What is the most famous Edison’s invention?

6. What did he believe?

We have read and listened to the texts about the fist inventions. But there are many modern inventions which people use in their lives.

1. What are they?

2. Which of them do you use in your life? (laptop, gadget, PlayStation, smartphone) 

But I am sure that all these gadgets are useless without Internet.

The Internet is a wonderful and amazing addition to our lives. The Internet is the place where people from all parts of the world can come together.

I am absolutely sure that using the Internet has advantages and disadvantages. Discuss it in your groups. 

Advantages:

Student 1: Firstly, I think that the Internet provides access to a lot of information. Secondly, we can communicate with other people around the world. Thirdly, the Internet provides the facility to get online education. There are a lot of educational sites on any subject. It is a very cheap and easy way to get education.

Student 2: Shopping online has also become a huge success and is a great advantage of the Internet. No matter what people are shopping for, it can be found on the Internet. People do not even have to leave their homes.

Student 3: Entertainment is another popular reason why many people surf the Internet. Games, music, films, cartoons can be downloaded from the Internet at no charge.

Summary.

So we must learn to use modern inventions in our life because people have invented a lot of useful things to make the life more comfortable. Almost every day new inventions are appearing in the world but we always need something more useful and more effective. If you could invent anything you like what would it be? It will be your home task for the next lesson. Now watch a video, I think it will help you to prepare your reports.

1) Summing-up. Our lesson is coming to the end.

2) I am happy to say we have done a good bit of work during the lesson. Thank you. I give you …( marks with motivations).

The lesson is over. See you next time.

While –reading stage.

Read the text and suggest a title for it.

( 1.“The law of gravitation”, 2.“Newton’s famous invention”)

Text

Isaac Newton was born in 1642. He did not show any signs of cleverness in his early schooldays. When he grew older his mother wanted him to help her on the farm, for his father was dead. But the boy did not like this; he was now fascinated by mathematics, and in 1661 he went to Cambridge University, where he took first degree four years later. Then the Great Plague came. The university was closed, and Newton went back to his quiet home. It was during the next few months that he carried out his first important researches into the nature of light. Newton’s original reflector, completed about 1671, had a mirror two and a half centimeters across; the largest telescope in the world today has a mirror over 500 centimeters across! He went back to Cambridge as soon as the Plague danger was over. He became the Fellow of the Royal Society, and came into contact with many other brilliant men. Among them there were Christopher Wren, and Edmund Halley. It has been said that Newton was sitting in his garden when he saw an apple fall off a tree. This started a chain of thoughts in his mind, and he realized that the force pulling on the apple was the same as the force which keeps the Moon in its path round the Earth. From this he was led to draw up the laws of gravitation. There is strong evidence that this story — unlike most of its kind! — is true. For many years Newton served as president of the Royal Society. When he died, in 1727, he was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Slide 5-6. Post-reading tasks.

I. Complete the sentences (A, B or C)

1. Isaac Newton was born in_______

A. 1642

B. 1548

C. 1799

2. Newton went to____________in 1661.

A. Kiev National University

B. Cambridge University

C. Donetsk Medical University.

3 Newton’s original reflector completed about ____________ .

A. 1895

B. 1633

C. 1671

4. _________ fell on Newton’s head.

A. apple

B. banana

C. orange

5. Newton served as the ____________for many years.

A. president of the Royal Society

B. president of the Royal Court

C. president of Ukraine

Do you know their Ukrainian equivalents?

1. Навчаючи інших, люди вчаться самі.

2. Важко в навчанні, легко в бою.

3. Щодо мене, то я знаю тільки те, що нічого не знаю.

4. Вік живи — вік навчайся.

True or false                       Правда або ні

1. Nowadays surgeons can perform the most amazing operations.

2. Progress has made our life comfortable.

3. The role of computers in industry is not important.

4. New inventions are appearing every day.

5. E-mail sends instant messages all over the world.

6. Science very little affects our life.

7. You know everything about space.

8. You like reading about new inventions and discoveries.

9. Psychology and politics belong to social sciences.

10. Man must apply his skill and knowledge, his experience and energy to discover the secrets of nature.

11. Many scientists are engaged in research to discover the cause of some dangerous diseases.

12. You want to take part in an expedition to the bottom of the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean.

13. You dream of traveling to Mars.

14. You are an explorer by nature.

15. You are absolutely sure that human beings originated from the monkey.