Embedded Files
When baseball greats Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig went on tour in baseball-crazy Japan in 1934, some fans wondered why a third-string catcher named Moe Berg was included. Although he played with five major-league teams, from 1923 to 1939, he was a very mediocre ball player. But Moe was regarded as the brainiest ballplayer of all time. In fact, Casey Stengel once said: "That is the strangest man ever to play baseball".
When all the baseball stars went to Japan, Moe Berg went with them and many people wondered why he went with "the team".
Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth
Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth
The answer was simple: Moe Berg was a United States spy, working undercover with the Office of Strategic Services (the OSS is the predecessor of today's CIA). Moe spoke 15 languages, including Japanese, and he had two loves: baseball and spying.
In Tokyo, garbed in a kimono, Berg took flowers to the daughter of an American diplomat being treated in St. Luke's Hospital - the tallest building in the Japanese capital. He never delivered the flowers. The ball-player ascended to the hospital roof and filmed key features: the harbor, military installations, railway yards, etc with a camera he had hidden under his kimono. After filming, he put the camera back under his kimono and returned to the team.
Eight years later, General Jimmy Doolittle studied Berg's films in planning his spectacular raid on Tokyo .
Growing up his father disapproved and never once watched his son play baseball. In Barringer High School, Moe learned Latin, Greek and French. Moe read at least 10 newspapers every day.
He graduated magna cum laude from Princeton - having added Spanish, Italian, German and Sanskrit to his linguistic quiver. During further studies at the Sorbonne, in Paris , and Columbia Law School , he picked up Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Indian, Arabic, Portuguese and Hungarian - a stunning 15 languages in all, plus some regional dialects.
While playing baseball for Princeton University , Moe Berg would describe plays in Latin or Sanskrit.
During World War II, Moe was parachuted into Yugoslavia to assessthe value to the war effort of the two groups of partisans there. He reported back that Marshall Tito's forces were widely supported by the people and Winston Churchill ordered all-out support for the Yugoslav underground fighter, rather than Mihajlovic's Serbians.
The parachute jump at age 41 undoubtedly was a challenge, but there was more to come in that same year. Berg penetrated German-held Norway, and went to a heavy-water plant - part of the Nazis' effort to build an atomic bomb.
His information guided the Royal Air Force in a bombing raid to destroy that plant. (Shown below)
Tito's partisans
Tito's partisans
The RA.F. destroys the Norwegian heavy water plant targeted by Moe Berg.
The RA.F. destroys the Norwegian heavy water plant targeted by Moe Berg.
There still remained the question of how far had the Nazis progressed in the race to build the first Atomic bomb. If the Nazis were successful, they would win the war . Berg (under the code name "Remus") was sent to Switzerland to hear leading German physicist Werner Heisenberg, a Nobel Laureate, lecture and determine if the Nazis were close to building an A-bomb. Moe managed to slip past the German SS guards at the auditorium, posing as a Swiss graduate student. The spy carried in his pocket a pistol and a cyanide pill.
If the German physicist indicated the Nazis were close to building a weapon, Berg was to shoot him , then swallow the cyanide pill.
Moe, sitting in the front row, determined the Germans were nowhere near their goal, so he complimented Heisenberg on his speech and walked him back to his hotel.
Moe Berg's report was distributed to Britain's Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and key figures in the team developing the Atomic Bomb. President Roosevelt responded: "Give my regards to the catcher.”
Werner Heisenberg - he blocked the Nazis from acquiring an atomic bomb.
Werner Heisenberg - he blocked the Nazis from acquiring an atomic bomb.
Most of Germany 's leading physicists had been Jewish and had fled the Nazis mainly to Britain and the United States . After the war, Moe Berg was awarded the Medal of Freedom - America's highest honor for a civilian in wartime . Berg refused to accept it because he couldn't tell people about his exploits.
After his death, his sister accepted the Medal. It now hangs in the Baseball Hall of Fame, in Cooperstown .
Presidential Medal of Freedom: the highest award given to civilians during wartime.
Presidential Medal of Freedom: the highest award given to civilians during wartime.
Moe Berg's baseball card is the only card on display at the CIA Headquarters in Washington , DC .
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