Noer Kumala Indah Sari
2Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University

Olivia Herliani
2Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/ams.v11i1.50019

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is the most common cause of noncommunicable diseases, which are a public health concern because they cause significant morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by elevated blood cholesterol, high LDL, and low HDL levels, which increase the risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) contains the active compound piperine, which may reduce cholesterol absorption. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) contains flavonoids that may lower cholesterol. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of ethanol extracts of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on LDL and HDL levels in hypercholesterolemic white rats (Rattus novergicus). The research was conducted as a laboratory experimental study involving six groups of samples, with each group consisting of 5 mice. The sample groups included a negative control group (receiving only standard chow), a positive control group (receiving standard chow and high-fat chow), and treatment groups receiving standard chow, high-fat chow, and extract (group P1: black pepper extract at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW, group P2: black pepper extract at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW, group P3: lemongrass extract at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW, group P4: lemongrass extract at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW). The study’s findings indicated that the ethanol extracts of black pepper and lemongrass effectively reduced LDL levels in hypercholesterolemic white rats (Rattus novergicus). The most effective dose of black pepper ethanol extract in reducing LDL levels was 500 mg/kgBB and the effective dose of lemongrass ethanol extract in reducing LDL levels was 200 mg/kgBW with a p-value = 0,013 < 0,05. This study showed that the ethanolic extract of black pepper and lemongrass did not increase HDL levels p-value = 0,665 > 0,05.

Keyword: Black pepper extract, lemongrass extract, hypercholesterolemia, LDL, HDL

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