Yunita Armiyanti
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember

Adinda Putri Yusri Amrina
Master of Public Health Science, Postgraduate Program, University of Jember

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/ams.v10i1.46500

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) and stunting remain serious health problems in Indonesia. Stunting can impact a child's ability to resist infections, including TB. Stunted toddlers are more vulnerable to contracting TB compared to those with normal nutritional status. This research aims to explore the relationship and influence of TB risk factors on the occurrence of TB in stunted toddlers. This research is analytical descriptive research with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 183 stunted toddlers from eight villages in the Rambipuji sub-district, Jember. The dependent variable of this study was the case of pediatric TB. The independent variables were the nutritional status, history of BCG vaccination, close contact of TB patients, economic status (monthly income), smoking behavior of parents or family members, and physical characteristics of the house, including household density, ventilation area, natural lighting, humidity, and room temperature. The research procedures included interviews, direct observations, and TB examinations in children. Interviews were conducted with the parents/guardians of the child respondents. Observations and direct measurements were performed to determine the physical characteristics of the respondents' living environments. The diagnosis of TB in children was established based on a scoring table for childhood TB. From the research findings, 15 children tested positive for TB (8.2%). Bivariate analysis showed a value of p <0.05 for nutritional status, close contact, household density, ventilation, and natural room lighting. Multivariate analysis revealed significant results for close contact (p=0.000; OR=39.563), household density (p=0.015; OR=9.659), and nutritional status (p=0.029; OR=6.718) as risk factors. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the risk factors associated with TB occurrence in stunted toddlers include nutritional status, close contact with TB patients, household density, ventilation area, and natural room lighting. The factors influencing TB occurrence in stunted toddlers are close contact with TB patients, household density, and nutritional status.

Keyword: Risk factor, stunted toddler, tuberculosis.

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