Methods

This section explores the use of dental morphological analysis, a method selected for its ability to reveal population-specific traits through non-metric dental features such as cusp patterns and root structures.

Analysis includes Freedman’s Cemetery, a 19th-century African American burial site near Dallas with XX applicable individuals.

Bethel Cemetery, a 19th century all-White cemetery near Indianapolis with XX applicable individuals. 

Additionally, 20th-21st century dental casts of Black and White Americans provide a modern reference.

Finally, Greenlawn Cemetery, a 19th-century mixed-race burial ground in Indianapolis, is included, though the absence of grave markers complicates the accuracy of ancestry.