This research delves into the prevalence of dental morphological traits among 19th-century White and Black Americans from Bethel and Freedman’s cemeteries, comparing them to modern standards set in Scott and Irish’s official guide for human tooth crown and root morphology and 20-21st-century cast samples, while also examining unconfirmed data from Greenlawn Cemetery to assess potential researcher error or admixture effects. By uncovering these historic dental patterns, the study aims to enhance forensic odontology, providing critical data to improve ancestry estimation in challenging forensic cases—such as in skeletonized, burned, or disfigured remains—where traditional identification methods fall short. This work bridges historical bioarchaeology and modern forensic anthropology, offering tools to solve real-world identification challenges.