COVID-19 Pandemic : Emails from 2021 FOIA request of Dr. Anthony Fauci (4)
Executive Assist ant to the Chief of St affThe Offi ce of the Vice Pres ident(b)(6)From:Sent:To:(b)(6)Mon, 20 Apr 2020 13:29:37 -0400Charles McCallCc: Rotrosen, Daniel (NIH/NIAID) [E];Cassetti, Cristina (NIH/NIAID) [E];Marston,Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E]Subject: Re: Tony and Dan, this is Cash. I seek your advice.Dan:Please bring this to the attention of appropriate NIAllD people.Thanks ,Tony> On Apr 19, 2020 , at 10:34 PM, Charles TvlcCall>> Dear Tony and Dan,>>>>> Thank you for cons idering this idea. Be safe.(b)(6) > wrote: ---------(b) (4)>>>> Cash>>>> Sent from iPad> Charles (Cash) McCall, MD> Professor oflntema l Medicine, Translational Sciences , Microbiology & Immunology> Wake Forest University School of Medic ine> Wake Forest Biotech Place, suite 350, room 3W-007> 575 N. Patterson Avenue> Winston-Salem , NC 27101>(bX5) -PCIFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sent: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 15:03:51 +0000To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIA ID) [E)Subject: FW: A National Test ing Action Plan by the Rockefeller Foundation: Embargoedti ll midnight Monday Apr il 20Attachments: RF National COVID-19 Testing Action Plan_LAST FINAL_04.20.2020.docxSet upAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectiou s DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone Cb) (6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail=--__,. __., (b)( 6)The information inlh ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: O'Connor, Eileen <E0Connor@rockfound .org>Sent: Monday , Apri l 20, 2020 7:47 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIA ID) [E] <AFAUCl@niaid.nih .gov>; Anthony .s.fauci@nih.gov;AFAURCl@niaid.nih.govSubject: A Nationa l Test ing Action Plan by the Rockefeller Foundation: Embargoed t ill midnight MondayApril 20Dear Tony:Thank you for all you are doin g. Not sure you remember me Cb) ~ ----------------- we talked a lot when 1 was at CNN. I have notwanted to bother you but wanted to make sure you had the National Testing Action Plan that wehave put together with top researchers from all the various roadmaps, etc. l joined TheRockefell er Foundation after working in Afghanistan and Pakistan with State and coercedChristy Feig to join me. We would be happy to get on a call today with Raj and Jonathan Quickand other autho rs like Mike Pellini and Mark McLellan and Rick Klau sner.Given our history with public health and our abil ity to convene, we hoped we could help byworking out a consensus plan. I have been briefing Caleb McCarry at the White House. Wehave worked with industry to also figure out the solutions to the supply chain issues and theother logistical issues. We are going to put $10 million into helping this standup. This plandoesn't just say what we need but the steps to get it done to open more safely.Please let me know if you would like a call.RegardsEileenEileen O'ConnorSenior Vice PresidentCommunications, Policy and AdvocacyThe Rockefeller FoundationOffice: 212 852 8436Mobile: CbC> 6Jeoconnor@rockfound.orgwww.rockfound .org(For scheduling purposes, please contact my assistant,(b)(CbH6), atFrom:Sent:To:Subject :Att achment s:Please handle.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 20 Apr 2020 14:22:57 +0000Anderson, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E]FW: Potential Postbac IRTA FellowshipCV 4.19.pdfNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: Cb) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : (b)(6)Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 9:00 AM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------------=---:-(:b)=( > Subject : Potential Postbac IRTA Fellowship(b)(6)(b)(6From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 20 Apr 2020 11:58:51 +0000Billet, Courtney (NIH/N IAID) [E]Subject: RE: ASF: Today's YES Network interviewThan ks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail : (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Billet, Courtney {NIH/NIAID) [E)- ------- (b)( > Se nt: Monday, April 20, 2020 7:55 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]-------= (b-):(-=6)Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]- -------- (b)( ; Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b) (6) >Subject: ASF: Today's YES Network intervi ewYou have an interview today with Jack Curry of the YES Network (Yankees) . Just last night, TheNY Post ran a story that includes Jack among the many sports broadcasting stars that havecome out of Fordha CbH6)J; ack and I havetalked about this). Thought you might like to see it. Parts of your interview are also going torun on Michae l Kay's show, and Kay also features prominent ly in this piec e.How Fordham has produced a generation ofsports media starsApril 19, 2020 I 4:04pm I Updated April 19. 2020 I 9:16pmJohn Giannone, Michael Kay and Mike Breen; Chris Carrino Courtesy of Michael Kay, Chris CarrinoLong before he was an electee to the Basketball Hall of Fame , Mike Breen was an intimidated18-year-old freshman attending a workshop at Fordham's renowned college radio station,WFUV, in the fall of 1979.Breen felt sheepish next to the juniors and seniors leading the seminar and contemplateddelaying the start of his broadcasting training. Soon, a couple of upperclassmen, including futureNBA writer Dave D' Alesandro, made him feel more comfortable.But he still didn't have any friends until one day on campus he saw a confident sophomore tryingto sweet talk a young woman. "I know you like me," he said. "I can see it in your eyes."The woman responded by saying she would not date him if he were the last man on earth. Sheessentially was saying, "See ya" ... to Michael Kay.That is how Breen first became friends with Kay."For him to have the confidence to do this in front of everybody with this beautiful student, Ithought, 'Man, this guy has a great sense of humor ,'" Breen said.Four decades later, Breen and Kay are still good friends.Michael Kay and Mike Breen Courtesy of Michael KayFordham, the private Jesuit university in The Bronx that launched the legendary Vin Scully, fordecades has been a powerhouse sportscasting pipeline , especially in New York. And the schoolties that first united Breen and Kay are webbed throughout the industry.Fordham is the alma mater for the voice of the NBA Finals/Knicks (Breen, Class of 1983), theYankees' lead TV play-by-player/ESPN New York afternoon radio host (Kay, '82), the voice ofthe Giants (Bob Papa, '8 6), the radio voice of the Nets (Chris Carrino , '92) MSG's JohnGiannone ('86) , YES' Jack Curry ('86) , WFAN's Paul Dottino ('86) and YES/ESPN's RyanRuocco ('08). And that's just New York-based sportscasters.For good measure, the school produced CBS' Spero Dedes ('01), ESPN's Tony Reali ('00) andthe Washington Nationals' Charlie Slowes ('83). There are many more, and not just in front ofthe camera. If you need a field producer, Jim Johnson ('86) works for ESPN. A radio engineer?WF AN's Chris Majkowski ('89) will set things up. Media relations? Louis Ban-icelli ('09) isleading things at MLB Network.Like everyone else, they are all dealing with the halt of sports due to the coronavirus pandemic.It is a jan-ing timeout for people so used to being on the run.~Ryan Ruocco, Mike Breen Courtesy of Ryan RuoccoTake Carrino, who has done so much to raise money and awareness for facio scapulo humeraldystrophy (FSHD), a form of muscular dystrophy that afflicts him. A fundraising event wassupposed to take place in March at a Nets game at Barclays Center. His 10th annual fundraisingdinner, corresponding with his 50th bi1thday, was slated for August, and now is in question."I don't know if it is going to be safe to have people together still," Carrino said. "Are therestrictions going to be there in terms of how many people can gather in one place? The otheraspect of it for me is: How comfortab le am I asking peop le for money when I know the economyand certain businesses are affected so badly?"Ruocco was supposed to get married in Italy in June. He and his fiancee, Andrea Ferzoco, arenow going to punt the wedding until June 2021."It sucks," Ruocco said. "Arldrea and I were so excited and so were our guests. We have beenfeeling all the joy leading us to this. There are people dealing with much more direcircumstances than rescheduling a wedding. That is kind of the perspec tive we have tried totake."While most of the successful sports media alumni are worried about the current direction ofFordham and WFUV because of a de-emphasis on sports during the pandemic , to a man they sayhow Fordham molded them and led them to where they are today.They were helped by famous names such as the legendary Marty Glickman, a mentor , and StanFischler, who taught classes. Then there were the less famous, equa lly instrwnental figures in theprogram, such as Bob Ahrens, who ran WFUV as its execut ive producer during many of thesenotable students' formative years.John Giannone punting at FordhamCourtesy of John GiannoneThe experiences that they shared forged many of them , such as Breen and Kay, into closefriends.Giannone went to Fordham after being recruited to be a punter on the football team. Duringtraining camp his freshman year, he quickly figured out the third-string punter would never seethe field. He went to Kay, then the WFUV sports director as a senior, to try to help on the station.Kay said Giannone could do stats for him during the football season.Kay went on to work at The Post, and later helped Giannone land an entry-level position at thepaper. When Giannone transferred into television at CNN/Sports Illu strated, it was through aKay connection. And Giannone landed at MSG Network after Kay left to become the TV voiceof the Yankees when YES Network began.When it was Giannone's turn as WFUV spo rts director, he made Papa and Curry a play-byplayerand an analyst when they were sophomore s.WFUV also got its staff access to locker rooms at places like Yankee Stadium and MadisonSquare Garden to learn the craft next to profes siona ls at the highest level. That remains largelytrue today."WFUV allowed you to believe you were a profes sional broadcaster before you really were,"Curry said. "We were in the heart of New York City, and, even ifwe weren't Marv Albert, wefelt as if what Marv Albert was doing for the Knicks, we were doing for Fordham."There is a lineage that unites. Carrino learned how to describe the geography of a basketballcourt from Glickman. Later , Carrino returned to Fordham and taught Ruocco the same lessons.These days, at some Nets games, Ruocco is on TV, sitting next to Carrino, calling the game onthe radio.Jack Curry Courtesy of Jack CurryPapa also was mentored by Glickman. Papa and Carrino each were told by their fathers that ifthey majored in communications, they would have to pay for school themselves. Both ended upin the Business School, but had their eyes on WFUV the whole time.Carrino ended up working as a producer for Papa, beginning when Papa hosted a tailgate showon WF AN. Carrino eventually followed Papa as the radio voice of the Nets.The Fordham sports alums want everyone to be safe during this time - and they can't wait toget back to what they love to do."I 'm desperate to get back to work," Breen said. "I'm hoping there is NBA basketball. This is thebest time of the year ."From:Sent :Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 20 Apr 2020 11:14:21 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: the Strategy documentAttachme nts: COVID vaccine editorial_prefinal April19 wfigure.docxEmail below is from Larry Corey.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(From: Corey MD, Larry (b)(6)>Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 11:45 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)( ·>; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b) ~ >Cc: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] --------- (b)( >; Miner PhD, Mindy Subject: the Strategy document(b)(6)Here is the working draft of the article for the NEJM . It, in my opinion, reads really well . I haveembellished it today with a figure that conceptual ly outlines what we are talking about; the oldaxiom that a picture is worth a thousand words .The editorial guidelines of the NEJM has 2 potential categories. One is Perspectives which is 1200words an 5 references . We are at 1750 words and I think losing 500 words takes away a lotfrom the message . The other category is a special report which is over 2500 words and allows lotsof references ( 40) I think this is best and was one reason I thought about adding the conceptua lfigure which does outli ne in a single picture what we are talking about .Tony, If you feel its best to have Francis on this paper we both support it . Your call . I do howeverlean on includ ing Francis . I would say politicly to achieve our goal and bring all these companiesinto the ten t while you are away at the White House having him buy into t his plan through theACTIV prog ram seems important to us . I think we get to our goal if he is out there publ icly embracingthis; using the NIAID networks labs DSMB and the correlates programs . This type of granula rityreally puts him deep into understanding what we are doing . If this means you are first and he islast author we are ok with that, For me I need to have him use me for interfacing with thecompany in defining these collabo rations . If you were present all the time this would beunnecessary , but as he will be the link with BARDA linking him to John and I increases thelikelihood of success.Ok enough .. as they say on the news Goodnight ..Larry(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Subject:Attachme nts:Thanks, Tom!From:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 20 Apr 2020 02:39:49 +0000'Thomas Quinn'FW: Fauci photoFauci ISSTDR 1983.pdfFrom: Thomas Quinn (b)(6)>Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 6:28 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E]-- -------- ---- (~b)(=6)> Cc: Hunter Handsfield <hhh@uw.edu >Subject: FW: Fauci photoHi Tony,It was great to see you and present our work to you this last Friday. I really enjoyed our discussion andfeedback.As I said on zoom, we all really appreciate your leadership in the COVID-19 crisis. Thank you forproviding the guiding way through this .(b) (4)In the meantime, your photos are getting passed around and Hunter Handsfield wanted you to have thisone (from the HIV archives - 1983 in Seattle ).All the best,TomFrom: Hunter Handsfie ld <hhh@uw.edu >Date : Sunday, April 19, 2020 at 3:52 PMTo: Thomas Quinn (b)(6)Subject: Fauci photoStay healthy!Hi, Tom. Going through old boxes I came across this, from 5th ISSTDR, Seattle 1983. Give Tony mygreetings if you forward to him .Cheers- Hunter(b)(6)H. Hunter Handsfield, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineCenter for Al OS and STDUniversity of WashingtonPhone +1 206 935-5225Mobile (b)(6)
From:Sent :Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 20 Apr 2020 01:58:31 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: Fauci photoAttachme nts: Fauci ISSTDR 1983.pdfEmail from Tom Quinn to you .Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(6)From: Thomas Quinn (b)(Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 6:28 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Hunter Handsfield <hhh@uw.edu>Subject: FW: Fauci photoHi Tony,It was great to see you and present our work to you this last Friday. I really enjoyed our discussion andfeedback.As I said on zoom, we all really appreciate your leadership in the COVID-19 crisis. Thank you forproviding the guiding way through this .(b) (4)In the meantime, your photos are getting passed around and Hunter Handsfield wanted you to have thisone (from the HIV archives-1983 in Seattle).All the best,Tom. Stay healthy!(b)(6)From: Hunter Handsfie ld (b)(6)Date: Sunday, April 19, 2020 at 3:52 PMTo: Thomas Qu inn CbH6J>Subject: Fauci photoHi, Tom . Going through old boxes I came across t his, from 5th ISSTDR, Seattle 1983. Give Tony mygreetings if you forward to him.Cheers- HunterH. Hunte r Handsfield, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineCenter for AIDS and STDUnivers ity of WashingtonPhone ➔Mob ile(b)( 6)
From:Sent :Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 20 Apr 2020 01:56:21 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: A proposal to stop COVID-19 and reopen our schools and businessesEmail from David Liu to FC with a cc to you .Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectiou s DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(From: David R. Liu (b)(6)Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 9:08- -P-M- ---::-::-=, To : Collins, Francis {N_IH:/_OD..) .[.E:]. ...::....:.!=(=b)( =>- =---::--- Cc : Michael Rosbash (b)(6)>; Ramnik Xavier (b)(6J>;EDWARD SCOLNICK (b)(6l>; Stuart Schrei ber (b)(6)>; Michael Z Lin(b)(6) >; Ben Cravatt (b)( ; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ======~~ (b)(6J>; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6) •>; Austi n, Christopher(NIH/NCATS) [E) (b)(6J>; Whalley, David (FNIH) [T) (b)(6); Freire, Maria(FNIH) [T) CbH6JT; abak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [El CbH6J>T; homas Cahill(b)( >Subject: Re: A proposal to stop COVID-19 and reopen our schools and businessesThank you, Francis, for your speedy re ply. Please let us know if we can help ACTIV, Fauci, or any otherleaders who might want to engage.Best,DavidDavid R. LiuRichard Merkin Professor and Director of the Merkin Instituteof Transformative Technolog ies in HealthcareBroad Institute Core Institute Member and Vice-Chair of the FacultyDirector of the Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Sciences ProgramHoward Hughes Medical Institute InvestigatorHarvard University Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology75 Ames StreetCambrid ge, MA 02142On Apr 19, 2020, at 8:48 PM, Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El ------- (b)(6)> wrote:Dear David et al.,Thanks for forwarding this ve ry thoughtful document, which presents a series ofimportant recommendations - most of which I agree with. I don't know if you sawFriday's announcement (attached) of the new public private partne rship calledACTIV (for Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines), but ithas taken on most of the points you raise in sections 1 - 3 of your letter. I shareyour hopes that remdesivir will show benefit, and the current large NIH-sponsoredRCT has completed enrollment and should reveal results in about a month. But ofcourse we want to test multiple other interventions - both small molecules andantibody-based therapies, so we need our trial system to be optimized like neverbefore. I will share your letter with the leaders of ACTIV, who are working withunprecedented speed to prio ritize the next set of therapeutic candidates as well aspushing vaccine development programs to adopt exceptionally creative trialdesigns to test safety and efficacy (with fu ll engagement by FDA).Best regards, FrancisFrom: David Liu (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 5:20 PMTo: OD Labc (NIH/OD) (b)(6) ; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E](b)(6)Cc: Michael Rosbash (b)(6)>; Ramnik Xavier -------...!:===~~------- -----~~ (b)(6)>; EDWARD SCOLNICK (b)(6)>; Stuart -:--:-".":""""--;;:::========~~ Schreiber (b)(6) Michael Z Lin (b)(6); Ben Cravatt----==== (~b)~(6~)-----Subjec t: A proposal to stop COVID-19 and reopen our schools and businessesDear Francis,I hope you are well.I write on behalf of a group of citizen-scientists, most or all of whom you know. Motivatedsolely by our desire to help defeat the serious threat our nation and the world now faces,we wrote a set of four actionable, non-partisan proposals (attached) to produce safe andeffective COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines in the shortest possible timeframe, and toreopen our society in a manner that reduces the risk of future COVID-19 outbreaks.We hope you find these ideas interesting, and might be willing to share this set ofproposals with Dr. Tony Fauci, along with our willingness to discuss any part of theproposals with him if we can be helpful. We understand from our efforts to contact Dr.Fauci through email routes that his standard inbox may be too overwhelmed for ourproposal to reach him.The four proposals attached describe: (1) How to rapid ly repurpose an antiviral drug totreat COVID-19 patients; (2) How to expedite the development of human antibody drugs totreat patients and to provide short-term protect ion for healthy individuals; (3) How todevelop COVID-19 vaccines on an expedited time scale; and (4) How to reopen ourbusinesses and schools in a manner that reduces the risk of future outbreaks and deaths.Thank you for any help or thoughts you might be able to provide.Sincerely yours,Ben Cravatt (Scripps), Lynn Goldman (GWU), Akiko Iwasaki (Yale), Scott Kemp (MIT),Michael Lin (Stanford), David Liu (Harvard/Broad), Michael Rosbash (Brande is), StuartSchreiber (Harvard/Broad), Ed Scolnick (Broad), Jonathan Simons (PCF), and Ramnik Xavier(MGH/Broad)David R. LiuRichard Merkin Professor and Director of the Merkin Instituteof Transformative Technologies in HealthcareDirector of the Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Sciences ProgramCore Institute Member and Vice-Chair of the Faculty, Broad InstituteInvestigator, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteThomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciencesand Professor of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University75 Ames StreetCambridge, MA 02142<N IH_ACTIV _Release_041720 .docx>From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Bill :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 20 Apr 2020 01:25:42 +0000bgertz@wash ingtontimes.comMi ller, Katie R. EOP/OVP;Short, Marc T. EOP/OVPScientific paper on origin of coronav irusHere are the li nks to the scientific papers and a commentary about the scientific basis of theorigins of SARS-Cov-2.The proxima l origin of SARS-CoV-2. Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. Nat Med.2020 Apr;26(4):450-452. do i: 10.1038/s41591 -020-0820-9 . No abstra ct availa ble.A Genomic Perspective on the Origin and Emergence of SARS-CoV-2.Zhang YZ, Holmes EC. Cell. 2020 Apr16;181(2):223-227 . doi: 10.1016/ j .cell.2020 .03.035. Epub 2020 Mar 26.Also this statement from Eddie Holmesht tp s:/ / bit. ly/2yml UGeBest regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892 -2520Phone: (b)( 6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.On Apr 19, 2020, at 2:21 PM, Bill Gertz <bgertz@ washingtontimes.com >wrote :Katie,Dr. Fauci on Friday said he would share a scientific paper with the press onthe origin of the coronav irus. Can you please help me get a copy of thatpaper? Thanks in advance.Bill GertzNational Security Correspondent@Bil!Gertz I direct 202-636-327 4TheGertzFile .com<t wtlo go.jpg>3600 New York Ave NE I Washington DC, 20002The inform ation contained in t his electronic transm ission is intended for the exclusive use of the individuals towhom it is addressed and may conta in informat ion that is pr ivileged and confidentia l, the disclosure of which isproh ibited by law. If the reader of th is transm ission is not the intended recipient , you are hereby not ified that anydissemination, distr ibut ion or copying of th is commun ication is str ictly prohibited. In addit ion, any unauthor izedcopying, disclosure or distribut ion of the materia l in th is e-mai l and any attachments is strict ly forbidden.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSent : Mo n, 20 Apr 2020 01:22:40 +0000To:Cc:Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E);Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElBarasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [ClSubjec t: RE: IMPORTANTThanks Greg.Patty:Please respond to Dr. Dzau's questions .Thanks,TonyFrom: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El ------- (b)( > Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 7:06 PMTo: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) (El ----- (~b)~(6)'>; Fauci, Ant hony (NIH/NIAID ) [ El(b)(6)Cc: Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/N IAID) [C] ------- (b)(Subject: RE: IMPORTANTPatty I had spoken to ASF about using a few slides and he said yes/ I will have them doneshort;y• V Dzau: I will begin the session by providing brief (~3min) opening remarks describing the circumstancesof the pandemic. Then, I will introduce the panelistsand you will each have 7 minutes to provideremarks. You may use a limited number of slides forillustration. I hope that each panelist will providetheir own perspective and speak to the issuesproposed below .• Jeremy Farrar wi ll discuss the global response to thepandemic , drawi ng from his experience as a globalleader, the chair of the Scientific Advisory Group forthe WHO's R&D Blueprint and as a member of theGlobal Preparedness Monitoring Board.• Tony Fauci will discuss the US pandemic and providehis perspective as a member of the White HouseCoronavirus Task Force addressing the 2019-20coronavirus pandemic .• George Gao will discuss China's response to thepandemic and lessons learned for the rest of theglobe .• Susan Weiss will discuss the viral characteristics ofSARS COV2, insights into its pathobiology, immunityand development of a pan-CoV antiviral.• Richard Hatchett will discuss the development ofnew vaccines and treatments against COVID-19 .• Sanjay Gupta wil l comment on the health systemresponse to the pandemic and challenges related tocommunication and public engagement inresponding to COVID-19.From: Conrad , Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] ------ (b)( 6l> Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 7:01 PM ----~ = To: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIA ID) [E] ~----- (bH_'?)>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] ------ (b)(6)>;B arasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID ) [C] (b)(6)>Subject: FW: IMPORTANTWe need to discuss tomorrow on our daily meeting/call - do you want to doslides.Again this event is on a Saturday and is tentat ive as we do not know when the TFmeeting will be scheduled that day.So - if you can do it - will you use slides?So if you cant do th is - do you want a surrogate and who?I will make sure David is on board f or zoom .From: Dzau, Victor J.< VDzau@nas.edu>Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 3:11 PMTo ; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------~~~=====:--=--;-~:!,._-----------~~ Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6J>; (b)(6) ---------------- Mun, Jenny <JMun@nas.edu>Subject: IMPORTANTDear Patty,I hope this finds you well. I know how terribly busy Tony is and I hate to trouble him, however, the NASAnnual Meeting panel on COVID-19 is less than a week away and my team needs answers to thequestions below . Can you call this to his attention or assist him in providing the signed form andrequested informat ion? We hope to have this by Tuesday {4/23) morning, if possible.• Please provide a cell number where you can be reached in case you do not connect in time {ifyou prefer, you can provide the number of your assistant if they will be able to reach youdirectly by cell or at home).• Will you have slides to display during your ta lk?• Are you able to use Zoom 'share your screen' to show the slides directly during your talk or doyou need someone from NAS to show your slides for you?• Will you need a test session with our Zoom techs? Please let me know as soon as possible asstaff are available to hold training sessions through Monday, April 20 (9 AM to 5 PM EDT).• If you would like to promote your participation in our meeting on social media, please let meknow the contact of your social media contact from your institution .Finally, because this is going to be a remote meeting, we would like panelists to log into Zoom 30minutes before the session starts- that is at 1:30 pm ET to go over the technology and any last minutespeaker prep. So far, more than 800 Academy members have registered for the meeting and there wil lbe additional members of the public and possibly the press tuning in.Best,Victor(bX5)-PCl1From:Sent :To:Subject:Peter:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 19 Apr 2020 03:29:42 +0000Peter DaszakRE: Thank you for your public comments re COVID-19's originsMany thanks for your kind note.Best regards,TonyFrom: Peter Daszak (b)(6) ----------- Sent : Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 9:43 PM To: Morens, David (NIH/NIAID) [El ---------------~-~-- (b)(6); Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b )( 6) >Cc: Stemmy, Erik (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)•>; Erbelding, Emily (NIH/NIAID) [El---------(b)(6)> ; Aleksei Chmura ------------ (b)(6) Subject: Thank you for your public comments re COVID-19's originsImportance: HighTony (cc'ing David so that you might pass th is on to Tony once he has a spare second)As the Pl of the ROl grant publ icly targeted by Fox News reporters at the President ial press briefing lastnight, I just wanted to say a persona l thankyou on behalf of our staff and collaborators, for publiclystand ing up and stat ing that the scientific evidence supports a natural origin for COVID-19 from a bat-tohumanspillover, not a lab release from the Wuhan Institu te of Virology.From my perspective, your comments are brave, and coming from your t rusted voice, wi ll help dispelthe myths being spun around the virus' origins .(b) (7)(A)Once this pandemic's over I look forward th anking you in person and let you know how important yourcomments are to us all.Cheers,Peter(b) (7)(A)From:Sent:Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSun, 19 Apr 2020 01:23:00 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: cotton swabsFollowup email from Jake Tapper.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(From : Jake Tapper (b)(6)Sent: Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 4:53 PM -----~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)- ------ (b)(6)> Subject: Re: cotton swabsGot itThanksOn Sat, Apr 18, 2020 at 4 :52 PM Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ------- CbH > wrote:This is what I was referring t o. They are not ready for prime tim e, since theyhave to get the right media and wrapping.Subject: Qtip announcementhttps://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-gatesfoundation-unitedhealth-group-guantigen-and-us-cottonCoronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA, GatesFoundation, UnitedHealth Group, Quantigen,and U.S. Cotton Collaborate to AddressTesting Supply NeedsThe U.S. Food and Drug Administrat ion announced a further expansion of COVID-19 testing optionsthrough the recognition that spun synthetic swabs- with a design similar to Q-tips - could be used totest patients by collecting a sample from the front of the nose.As part of this effort, U.S. Cotton, the largest manufacturer of cotton swabs and a subsidiary ofParkdale-Mills, developed a polyester-based Q-tip-type swab that is fully synthetic for compat ibilitywith COVID-19 testing. Harnessing its large-scale U.S.-based manufacturing capabil ities, U.S. Cottonplans to produce these new polyester swabs in large quantities to help meet the needs forcoronavirus diagnostic testing."This action today demonstrates the ingenuity that results from the FDA working in partnership withthe private sector. The Trump Administration has been working side-by-side with our industrypartners to fight this pandemic, and today is a great example of that work. We appreciate work byUnitedHealth Group, Quantigen, and the Gates Foundation to perform and support the clinicalstudies necessary for this advancement. We also want to acknowledge U.S. Cotton's efforts tomanufacture a new type of swab for COVID-19 testing tha t can be produced at scale. We appreciatethe work of these collaborators to consider how these test supplies could be broadly distributed tomeet not only the testing needs of the United States but also global needs around the pandemic. Allof these actions by these American organizations will help continue to expand our testing capability,"said FDA Commissioner Stephen M. Hahn, M.D.This finding that spun synthetic swabs could be used for COVID-19 test ing is based on results from aclinical investigation that represents a collaboration between the FDA, UnitedHealth Group, the GatesFoundation, and Quant igen. The type of test ing at the front of the nose used in th is study is notablebecause it allows self-collection by patients the reby limiting exposure of healthcare providers; it ismore comfortable for patients and it can be performed by a swab that is more readily available andmanufacturab le at scale.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: Cb) (6}The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may containsensitive information. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intendedrecipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it fromyour mailbox or any other storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and InfectiousDiseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for any statements made that are the sender's ownand not expressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Attachments :Larry:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSat, 18 Apr 2020 22:21:02 +0000Corey MD, Larry;Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElMascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E)RE: (b)(6)COVID vaccine editoria l_16April 7pm - with Fauci edits.docxI have gone over the manuscript and have made a number of edits that aretracked into the attached document. Please take a look, accept the changes(unless you have issues with them) , add the references and then let us discussnext steps, i.e. add or not Francis to authors and where in the order.John:Please also give it another good look.Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sende r's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Corey MD, Larry (b)(6);,Sent: Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 12:34 AM -------~ = To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)( >; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [El(b)(6)>Cc: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [El Cb >0'1>Subject: work ing draft of NEJMHere is the workin g draft . My manuscript ty pist too tired to work tonight so it reflects severalchanges I made tonight ; it should be readable ;LarryFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 20:40:34 +0000Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIA ID) [C) (b)(6)Cc: --::--:-:-----;====-===== - Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Greg Folkers ---------(b)(6)) Subject: F W: You are a HeroPlease see me about thi s on Monday. Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Kathy Ireland ------------ (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 7, 2020 4:56 PM --------=-=~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E- --------(b)(6) Subject: You are a HeroDear Dr. Fauci,Thank you for everyth ing you 're doing for America and the world. I'm wr it ing to you today, rather thancalling, because it 's impossible to imagine the degree to wh ich leading science duri ng this COVID-19pandemic is impacting your life and your fami ly. Please know, that your wisdom and passion brings somuch comfort to millions, including our family and me, specifi cally. You may recall from our previoustalks, that (b)(6)What avicious virus, Dr. Fauci ... unlike anything I've ever seen.In addition to my work as Ambassador for the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation, it is also an honor andresponsibility to serve as International Youth Chair for the Nationa l Pediatric Cancer Foundation . In thatposition , people approach with questions for our government that I am uncomfortabl e giving opinion son in ignorance. So reluctant to bother you - I'm seeking to learn who at the NIH I should bring this to?(b)(4)Thank you so much for all that you do.Always,KathyFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 20:21 :32 +0000(b)(6)FW: article and bb rim(b)(6)Attachments : The Mentor Who Mad e Dr. Anthony Fauci - WSJ - large text.pdfThis article about my relations hip with Shelly Wolff is worth readingAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail,___,,. __ _, (b)(6)The in ormation in t ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. <barton.haynes@duke.edu>Sent : Thursday, Apr il 16, 2020 12:3-9 -P-M- ----, .....,..,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: article and bb rimHi tony:Glad this worked out. Wonderful article. Great trib ute to both you and Shelly. But the socks in the lastpicture ...... .(b)(6)So when the pandemic is over or when you are down there andwant a break, I can put you in touch wi th him to see the Regis bb goal.He has been following your career for many years. Very nice fellow .Thanks for all you are doing Tony , it on ly sounds like it is getting more and more difficult . But you aredoing an amazing job ....So proud of you and that .___ ____ C_>b.<.. ,.Best BartFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 20:12:02 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Cc: Greg Folkers (bH ;Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: FW: From Jack Curry/ YES Networ k (Yankees)Have we decided to set this up. Let us discuss.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone (b) (6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6)Se nt: Thursday, Apr il 16, 2020 1:45 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6>:>; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E]--------- (b)(6); Folkers, Greg {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)> Subject: ASF: From Jack Curry/ YES Network (Yankees)Jack Curry (broadcaster with the YES Network, which is like MASN, but for the Yankees) is appealing toyou as a New Yorker and lifelong Yankees fan for a 10-minute interview via Zoom. Jack covered theYankees for 22 years at the NYT. The interv iew would run on YES (largest regional sports network in thecountry) as the focus of one of the or iginal shows they are producing 3x/week called "YES, WE'RE HERE."It would be run across all of their social med ia platfo rms (reach of over 1M). They would also air clips onthe Michael Kay Radio Show (TV play-by-play announcer for the Yankees), which is simulcast on YES andis the highest-rated drive time talk show in New York.Questions below , including a few at the end about your lifelong baseball fandom . Is this someth ingyou'd be willing to do? If so we will seek clearance.POSSIBLE QUESTIONSDOCTOR FAUCI, I KNOW YOUR DAYS ARE FILLED WITH OFFERING ADVICE AND COU SEL TO SO MANYPEOPLE ABOUT THE CORONA VIRUS. WITH THE SOBERING POSITION WE HA VE BEEN IN FOR A WHILE, WHATWOULD BE YOUR MOST URGENT MESSAGE TO AMERICANS?THE PHRASE 'FLATTENING THE CURVE' HAS BECOME COMMONPLACE IN OUR VERNACULAR IN RECENTWEEKS. HOW MUCH CLOSER ARE WE GETTI G TO FLA TTENJNG THE CURVE?YOU'VE SAID SEVERAL TIMES THAT THE VIRUS IS THE CLOCK. WHAT IS THE VIRUS TELLING YOU ABOUTTHAT TIME FRAME?AS THE COUNTRY TR TES TO WORK ITS WAY BACK, THERE HAS BEEN SPECULA TTON ABOUT HOWPROFESSIONAL SPORTS CAN RETURN. WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON HOW, FOR INSTANC E, MAJOR LEAGUEBASEBALL WOULD BE ABLE TO ST ART ITS SEASON?BASEBALL IS A SPORT 1N WHICH SHAKING HANDS IS AS COMMON AS BALLS A D STRIKES. NOT JUST INBASEBALL , OBVIOUSLY, BUT IN LIFE OVERALL , HOW MUCH DO YOU ADVOCATE NOT SHAKING HANDSANYMOR E?THE NEW YORK TIMES REFERRED TO YOU AS THE EXPLAINER-IN-CHIEF IN COMPLIMENTING YOURABILITY TO SPEAK BLUNTLY AND TRUTHFULLY. SO HOW SHOULD AMERICANS PLAN ON BEHA YING AS WE MOVEFORWARD IN THESE UNCERTAIN TIMES?AND ... lF DR FAUCI WAS COMFORTABLE WITH IT, A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS ABOUT HIS BASEBALLFANDOM ...WITH ALL THAT'S HAPPENING AROUND US AND YOUR IMPORT ANT ROLE IN IT, JT MlGHT SEEM TRJTE TODISCUSS BASEBALL. BUT I KNOW YOU'VE BEEN A YANKEE FAN FOR MORE THAN 70 YEARS. AND I WOULD LIKE TOASK YOU A FEW BASEBALL QUESTIONS.WHEN AND HOW DID YOUR YANKEE FANDOM BEGIN?YOU WERE A YOUNGSTER WHE THE YANKEES WON 5 STRAIGHT WORLD SERIES TITLES FROM 1949-1953,THE ONLY TIME THAT'S EVER HAPPENED IN BASEBALL HISTORY . WHAT ARE YOUR MEMORIES OF THOSE YEARS?HOW HAS YOUR BACKGROUND IN SPORTS HELPED YOU IN YOUR ROLE WITH THE NIALD?AND, FINALLY, YOU 'VE SPOKEN ABOUT HOW NEW YORK IS THE EPICENTER OF THE VIRUS. FOR NEWYORKERS WHO ARE LOOKING FOR SOME LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL , WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO THEM?From:Sent :To:(b)(6)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 07:00:08 -0400Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [CJSubject : Fwd: The global health leaders call, THURSDAY3 0 April at 14.30 CETFYIBegin forwarded message:Fr om : "RYAN, Michael J." (b)(6J>Date: April 27, 2020 at 5:34:56 AM EDTTo: SHOC (b)(6) , Office of the Director-General <DG0ffice @who.int> ,"Redfield Rober t R. CDC/OD " (b) (6)(b)(6)(b) (6) David Heymann(bH6l >, "Felicity Harvey(b) (6) "Chris .Elias"(b) (6) , "Fauci, Anthony (NIHINIAID) [E]"(b)(6)"GREIN , Thomas"(b)(6)"COX, Paul M_ichael" (bH >,------- i.....;_ ~= "SCHWARTLANDER, BemhardF." (bH6l , "MINHAS ,Raman" _________ __,, (b)(6J"Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIA ID) [E]" ------. (bH6~J, "MAHJOUR,Jaouad" (b)(6J , "FALL, Ibrahima Soce" (b)( , "ThomasR. Friede n" (b) (6)Lynn Banks (b)(6) , President I Reso lve to Save Lives<pres ident@resolvetosave lives.org>, "Amadou .SALL"SHORBATI, Farah", Robynn Leidig (b) (6)>,"DRURY, Patrick Anthony" (b)C6lt>, "Dr VAN KERKHOVE, Maria"(b)(6)"GRAAFF, Peter Jan"-------- (b)(6)"POOLE, Marcia" -------- (b)(6)TarikM ohammed(b)(6) CarlosNavarro Colorado _____ _, ~Ryan Morhard ____ ___, Cb)(6)~"BRIAND, Sylvie" Cb>< , "MORGAN, Oliver' , (b)(6)"Harries, Jenny" (b)( , "Awwad , David (NIH/NW D)[C]" Cb)(6), "SIMONSON, Stewal1' CbH6)"SINGER, Peter Alexande r" (b)(6) "Jayat unga, Wikum""Julie.HALL"RIOUX-----,,CbH6)>, "KABIR, Sophia"Feng Ding(b)(6)CbH6)>, Amelie(b)((b)(6), "SHIN, Young-Soc"(b)(6)(b)(6)ASMA , Samira" (b)(6) ------------ Cc: SHOC <shoc@who.int>, Office of the Dir ector-Genera l <DG0ffice @who.int>,"SCHWARTLAN DER, Bernhard F."______ Cb)C6) , "MAHJOUR,Jaouad'' Cb>< , "FALL, lbrabima Soce" (b)(6) , "GREIN,Thomas" CbH6) , "MINHAS, Raman" Cb>< , , "COX, PaulMichael" __ ..,, CbH6) , "AL-SHORBAJI, Farah" CbH6),"POOLE, Marcia" CbH6) , "DRURY, Patrick Anthony"------- (b)(6) , "GRAAFF , Peter Jan" CbH6)>, "Dr VAN KERK.HOVE, Maria" Cb(>6 ) , "KABIR, Sophia"------- Cb)< , "FARES, Christine Youssef' Cb)< "AYLWARD, Raymond Bruce J." (b)(6) , "SMITH, Ian Michael"(b)(6)Subject: The global health leaders call, THURSDAY 30 April at 14.30 CETDear colleagues,Dr Tedros would like to invite you to the next informal discussion about theongoing 2019 novel coronavirus.The teleconference will be hosted on THURSDAY, 30 Apr il at 14:30 CET and Zoomdetai ls are copied below.If you experience any technical difficulties joining th is conference call, pleasecontact the WHO HQ EOC operator at: +4122791 5533It would be appreciated if you could kindly confirm your participation to Ms SophiaKabir, email (b)(6); mobile no. (b)(6)The agenda and background documents will be shared ahead of the call.Best,MikeJoin Zoom Meetinghttps:// who.zoom.us/j l Cb()6 ),C b()4 ~Meeting ID: (b)(6), (b)(4)Password: H6>(,b H4>Dial by your location+41 43 210 71 08 Switzerland+4143 210 70 42 Switzerland0 800 561 252 Switzerland Toll-free0 800 002 622 Switzerland Toll-free+l 253 215 8782 US {Tacoma)+l 213 338 8477 US {Los Angeles)888 475 4499 US Toll-free877 853 5257 US Toll-free+33 7 5678 4048 France+33 1 7095 0350 France0 800 944 049 France Toll-fr ee0 800 940 415 France Toll-fr eeMeeting ID: (b)(6) , (b)(4)Find your local number: https://who.zoom.us/u/ae FZfwUgUcJoin by SIPI Cb) (6), Cb) (4~@zoomcrc.comFrmn:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 10:54:50 +0000Duchin, JeffEi ubject : RE: High PraiseJeff:Well-deserved recognition of your fine work. Keep it up.Best regards,TonyFrom: Duchin, Jeff (b)(6) ----------- Sen t: Sunday, April 26, 2020 11:58 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]-- ----------=---=---=Cb=H 6)> Subject: High PraiseTony - in a recent shoddy "investigative journalism " piece about our work here in Seattle(https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/times-watchdog/why-the-seattle-soundersgame-went-on-desp ite-coronavirus-emergency/) the reporter referred to me as being to theSeattle area what Anthony Fauci would become to the country. So despite the crappy reportinghe bestowed upon me the highest of praise and rem inded me again of the incredible serviceyou are doing for our count ry. Hang in there and tak~ care of your self. We need you . JeffXJeffrey S. Duchin, MD (he/him)Why the Seatt le Soundersgame March 7 went ondespite coronavirusemergencyAs virus fears grew, public officials andsports execs debated health risks - andPR messages - but let 33,000 into aMarch 7 Sounders match. At what cost?www.seattletimes.comHealth Officer and Chief, Communicable Disease Epidemiology & [mmunization SectionPublic Health - Seattle and King CountyProfessor in Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of WashingtonAdjunct Professor, School of Public Health401 5th Ave, Suite 1250, Seattle, WA 98104Tel: (206) 296-4774; Direct (b)(6) ,; Fax: (206) 296-4803E-mail: Cb) (6)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Mon, 27 Apr 2020 02:47:49 +0000To: Shapiro, Neil (NIH/OD) [E];Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E);Tabak, Lawrence(NIH/OD) [El;Johnson, Alfred (NIH/OD) [El;Hallett, Adrien ne (NIH/OD ) [ElSubject: RE: NIAID fac ilities in the CARES Act spend planI suggest tha t _________________________ Cb _H_6)From: Shapiro, Neil (NIH/OD) (El (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 26 , 2020 10:32 PMTo: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El ______ ("b")',.(.=6.,)>; Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) (El(b)(6)>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E) (b)( ; Johnson, Alfred":".":"~'.:"":"':-:":':'-:=====-..;,_- ~=(NIH/OD) [E) (b)(6) >; Hallett, Adrienne (NIH/OD) [E) < CbH >Subject: NIAID facilities in the CARES Act spend planImportance: HighFrancis and Tony,I have been working to get OMB/ASFR clearance for the 3rd Supplemental spend plan, and haveencountered a hitch with 0MB concerning the VRC/RML proposal. They say they (b)(5J-(b)(5) Thanks, ----------------NeilFrom:Sent :To :Subject:Yes, please.Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElMon, 27 Apr 2020 02:46:32 +0000Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [ElRE: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479From: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] ------- (b)( '>Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 10:32 PM To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] ----------~---- (b)(=6)> Subject: FW: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479Want me to call CbH6)?From: Corey MD, Larry (b)( >Sent : Sunday, April 26, 2020 1:44 PM -----~~ To: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El-------- CbH6);M ascola, John (NIH/YRC) [El (b)(6).> Subject: RE: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479I think it would be very helpful , I see no downside ..From: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] ------- Sent : Sunday, April 26, 2020 6:38 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El------= (b")"('=6)>; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [El--------- (b)(6); Corey MD, Larry (b)(6)> Subject: RE: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479If it would be helpful, I'd be glad to do the outreach to Holden Thorp- Tony and I can discuss.FrancisFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El< (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 8 :37- -A-M- ----,; =, To : Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b)(6)>; Corey MD, LarryCollins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6)>Subject: RE: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479All good options. Let us go with Science first. If they do not want it , I am certain that ScienceTranslational Medicine will take it. I will discuss with Francis and John.From: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Saturday, Apr il 25, 2020 5:59 PMTo : Corey MD, Larry (b)(6)>; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El -------- (b)(6)Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: RE: New England Journal of Med icine 20-13479In looking at NEJM, they have had 4 COIVD-19 perspect ives in last 6 weeks, and they may have impactedtheir thinking.Agree with talking to editors . If inte rest in Science or Nature, suggestions below.Priscilla Kelly, editor at science emai led me a while about their interest in papers. So if inte rest inScience, we could check with her.If Nature, Ursula Weiss.JohnFrom: Corey MD, Larry (b)( >Sent : Saturday, Apr il 25, 2020 5:50 PMTo: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] -------= =~======~= Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- >; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Re: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479You and Tony decide . Science or Nature accomplish the same but it seems we need a discussion withthe editor first to explain the importance of the manuscript.Sent from my iPhoneOn Apr 25, 2020, at 2:18 PM, Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El ------- (b)(6)> wrote:Very surprised.Do you want me to push back?FrancisFrom: Corey MD, Larry (b)( >Sent : Saturday, April 25, 2020 3:55 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] ______ Cb _H_6J>; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E](b)(6)Cc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6J:Subject: RE: New England Journal of Medic ine 20-13479A do have to say I am surprised . but okFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] -------- (b) (6)> Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2020 12:53 PMTo: Corey MD, Larry (b)(6)>; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [El(b) ~ >Cc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6)Subject: Fwd: New England Journal of Med icine 20-13479Let us discuss next stepsBegin forwarded message:From: New England Journal of Medi cine<onbeha lfo f@manuscriptcentral.com >Date: April 25, 2020 at 12:31:26 PM EDTTo: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El" <afauci@niaid.nih.gov >Subject: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479Reply-To: "editorial@nejm.org " <editorial@nejm.org >Dear Dr. Fauci,I am sorry to info rm you that your submission, "A Strategic Approach toSuccessful COVID-19 Vaccine Development," has not been accepted forpublication in the Journa l. It was evaluated by members of our editorial staff.After considering its focus, content, and interest, we made the editorialdecision not to consider your submission further . We are informing you ofthis promptly so that you can subm it it elsewhere.Thank you for the opport unity to consider your submission.Sincerely yours,Eric Rubin, M.D., Ph.D.Editor-in ChiefNew England Journal of Medicine10 Shattuck StreetBoston, MA 02115(617) 734-9800Fax: (617) 739-9864http://www.nejm.orgFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Adrian:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 00:48:28 +0000Adrian HillHildegund Ertl;Sarah Gilbert;Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)RE: COVID-19 vaccineThank you for you note. Sorry that I took a few days to get back to you, but Ihave been swamped. It is good to know of your work on the chimpanzeeadenoviral vectors . The biosafety classification of viral vectors in the U.S. is withinthe purview of the CDC, and so I have copied CDC Director Bob Redfield on this email.He would be able to point you in the right direction.Best regards,TonyFrom: Adrian Hill (b)(6)Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 6:16 PM -----~~ To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Hildegund Ertl (b)(6); Sarah Gilbert ______.._ __ (b)( >Subject: FW: COVID-19 vaccineDear Dr Fauci(b)(4)Thank you for your consideration of th is at an exceptionally busy time .Yours sincerelyAdrian HillProfessor Adrian V. S. HillDirector, The Jenner InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOld Road Campus Research BuildingOxford OX3 7DQFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 00:45:21 +0000Marston, Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E)Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: FW: 260 County Models of COVID-19 Outbreaks across the USPlease see me or give me a call about this. Thank s.From: Rubin, David M (b)(6)>Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 9:04 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]_ ______ ("b")",,'(..6=,>>:Cc:O ffit, Paul (b)(6); Tasian, Gregory E- ---------(b)(6J>; Huang, Jing (b )( 6) >Subject: 260 County Models of COVID-19 Outbreaks across the USHi Dr. Fauci,Jon Yewdell suggested I contact you directly to expedite a briefing on the new county-level models t hatour center, Policylab, at CHOP, will be releasing tomorrow. He shared with us your note below aboutincluding Ambassador Birx and Bob Redfield as well. We'd be happy to do so, and had been in touchwith Ambassador Birx last week. We have also stayed in contact with the analytics team led by I rumZaidi and Chuck Vitek. I am also tasked to Governor Wolfs crisis team in Pennsylvania and shared thedata with the Governor today.Let us know next steps for arrang ing a video conference. Will arrange our schedule at yourconvenience. Will have Ors. Paul Offit, Greg Tasian, and Jing Huang join from our team .Best,DaveDavid Rubin, MD MSCEDirector of Population Health InnovationDirector of Policy LabChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaOffice: (b) (6)Cell: (b) (6)www.policvlab.chop.edu I @PolicyLabCHOPChildren's Hospitalof PhiladelphiaProfessor of Pediatri csPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaFrom: "Yewdell, Jon (NIH/NIAID) [E]" --------- (b)( Date: Tue sday, April 21, 2020 at 8:55 PMTo: "Rubin, D-av-id- -M!": ====~~--- (b)(6)> cc: Paul Offit --------- CbH6)·> Subject: <no subject>David,At this point, I think it is best to contact Tony directly. He's at(b)(6)Good luck!JOllJonathan Yewdell MD, PhDChief, Cellular Biology SectionLaboratory of Viral DiseasesNIAID, NIHTruth ·wins: A Practical Guide to Succeeding in Bion1edical Researchfree eBook download of my bookLink to Ohio State Science Sunday video on scientific methodFrom: Rubin, David M -------- (b)(6) Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 8:43 PMTo : Yewdell, Jon (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------=- (b=)(=6)Cc: Offit, Paul (b)(6)Subject: FW: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on policy memorandum to reopen economyHi Jon,Paul forwarded me your email back to him. Our team would be happy to present to him, AmbassadorBirx, and Bob Redfield. We have shared the models with Governor Wolf in Pennsylvania today, and theyare informing strategy here . The 260 county models will post to our Policylab website tomorrow . Ofnote, Paul and I had spoken to Ambassador Birx in the last couple of weeks, and we have been incontact with I rum Zaidi, Chuck Vitek, and the analytics team.Let us know how would be best to set up a group webinar to present the information. Or feel free toconnect us directly with their schedulers. Think the models illustrate the low margin of error in thelarge cities for resurgence risk, even as other less densely populated counties may be tolerant toreopening strategies.DaveDavid Rubin, MD MSCEDirector of Population Health InnovationDirector of Policy LabChildr en's Hospital of Philad elphiaOffice: (b) (6)Cell: (b) (6)www.uo1icylah.cho_p.edu I @PolicyLahCHOPChildren's Hospitalof PhiladelphiaProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania~ Per elmanV"'-' Schoo l of rvtt.-cclini.:l}l\l\ ► 1\1 'r 1/ r1,,,10,, •From: Paul Offit CbH6)>Date: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 at 5:46 PMTo: "Rubin, David M" Cb)(6)Subject: Fw: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on po licy memorandum to reopeneconomyTony has seen our memo. His response is below.From: Yewdell, Jon (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b)( >Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 5:45 PMTo: Offit, PaulSubject: FW: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on policy memorandum to reopen economyTony neve r ceases to amaze me . ...See immediate reply belowJonathan Yewdell MD, PhDChief, Cellular Biology SectionLaboratory of Viral DiseasesNTAID, NTHTruth Wins: A Practical Guide to Succeeding in Biomedical Researchfree eBook download of my bookLink to Ohio State Science Sundav video on scientific 1nethodFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] Cb<> 6>lSent: Tuesday , Apri l 2 l, 2020 5 :06 P-M-- ------=-~ To: Y ewdell , Jon (NIH/NIAID) (E] CbH ·> .__...,,.,..=Cc: Shaffer, Meredith (NIH/NIAID ) [E] CbH ; Conrad, Patricia(NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH >; Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIA ID) [C](b)(6)Subject: RE: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on policy memorandum to reopeneconomyJon:Thanks for the note. It would be even better if they could presen t not only to me,but to Deb Birx and Bod Redfi eld.Best ,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MO 20892-2520Phone: (b)( 6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail (b)(6) --------The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used bv anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Yewdell, Jon (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, Apri l 21, 2020 4:29 PM- ------~ = To: Fauci , Anthony (NIH/N[A[D) [E] (b)( 6) ..._~~Cc: Shaffer, Meredith (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on policy memorandum to reopeneconom yTony,Paul and David asked me to pass this on to you.Forwarded message from David:"I think the time has come, with our models on 260 counties across the country relea sing in thenext 48 hour s, to offer Tony Fauci, and potent ially other ta sk force member s, a previ ew of thework. Our models have incorporated local area differences due to weather, population and socialdistanc ing. They reveal that the large, densely popula ted cities will struggle to re-op en, and arenot well aided by weather effects given their density. However, in less densely popula ted areas,in which case counts are lower , weather has been a mitigating factor. These latter countie s mayhave better success when they re-open assuming they are smart about workplace safety and havetesting and surveillance strategies in place"DaveDavid Rubin, MD MSCEDirector of Population Health Inn ovationDirector of Policy LabChildren 's Hospital of Philad elphiaOffice: (b) (6)Cell: (b)(6)m,vw.policylab.chop.edu I @PolicyLabCHOPChildren's Hospitalof PhiladelphiaProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 00:43:24 +0000Young, Neal S {NIH/NHLBI) [E)Subject:Thanks, Neal.Best regards,TonyRE: LambrisFrom: Young, Neal S {NIH/NHLBI) [E]_ ______ Cb<>_.>Se nt: Wednesday, April 22, 2020 8:07 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) ------= (b)""('=6J>Subject: FW: LambrisDear Tony'Forwarding to you at the request of two colleagues, experts in anti -complemen t therapies .Thanks, and 'stay health y.NealFrom: "John D. Lambris" CbH6)>Date: Tuesday, Apri l 21, 2020 at 2:43 PMTo: Skype CbH6)Cc: Antonio M Risitano (b)(6) --------Subje ct : LambrisHi Neal,I hope all is well and you are staying healthy .Could you please bring us in contact with Antony Fauci to see if he can help our program?All the best and Stay HealthyJohn(b)(4)From: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]Mon, 27 Apr 2020 00:42:34 +0000Lerner, Andrea {NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent:To:Subject: FW: Update: Inhibit cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by ProteasomeInhibitorsAttachm ents : (b) (4)Please respond to th is person. Thanks.From: Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2020 9:41 AMTo: Coomes, Stephani e (NIH/N IAID) [E] _________ (:b:-),;.(,.6=) >; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)Cc: (b)( Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Subject: Update : Inhib it cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by Proteasome InhibitorsImportance: HighDear Dr. Fauci,dear Dr. Coomes,thank you for your reply from 13. April with the notice that the information has been shared with NIAID'sCOVID-19 research team .Has the project already been initia lly evaluated by the team?Are there any questions or need for additional information?• I have summed up the relevant data regarding the use of proteasome inhibitors for treatment ofCOVID-19 patients with acute lung and systemic organ failure in a position paper, please find aPreview draft attached.• With regard to currently ongoing t rials with monoclonal antibodies against the IL-6 receptor, i.e.tocilizumab or sarilumab: These approaches go into the same direction as the presentsuggestion, however, inhibit ion of NF-KB by proteasome inhibitors could provide the uniquepotential to inhib it the release of multiple cytokines simultaneously, in particular strongly proinflammatorycytokines including IL-1, IL-6, TN Fa and chemokines, such as MIP-1 and CXCL1.• This simultaneous inhibition of multiple cytokines/chemok ine seems to be advantege auscompared to single ta rget approaches {as with the mAb) to compensate fo r redundant andsynergistic effects of multiple cytokines released during highly pathogenic CoV or HSNlinfection .Looking forward to hearing from you.Kind regards,RalfMit freundlichen GrU~en / Kind regardsDr. Ralf KircheisDirector R&DResearch & DevelopmentMail: RKircheis@syntacoll.dePhone: +49 9441 686048s~ntacoll<:;ynt:ittnll hmhH, Onn::u,c:tr;ic;c;.?p4 , n-CJ~~? <:;(4;l\ ;;:1 rl l1tn.::u.1Tel: +499441 / 68 60 o, Fax: +49 9441 / 68 60 30Hande lsregister: Amtsgericht Regensburg· HRB 1612USt· ldNr. DE 128580796Geschaftsfuhrerin: Dr. Alexandra Dietr ichUnsere Hinweise zum Datenschutz, lnsbesondere zu den Ihnen zustehenden Rechten, flnden Sle unte rwww.syntacoll.de/ datenschutzVon: Coomes, Stephanie (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Gesendet: Montag, 13. Apri l 2020 02:37An: Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Betreff: RE: Inhibit cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by Velcade BortezomibDear Dr. Kircheis,Thank you for your recent email to Dr. Anthony Fauci. Your message was forwarded to the Division ofMicrobiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) at the Nat ional Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID). As a member of DMID 's Office of Scientific Coordin ation and Program Operations, I am pleasedto respond.I want to thank you for reaching out to share this informat ion and let you know that your message hasbeen shared with NIAi D's COVID-19 research team .Sincerely,StephanieStephanie M. Coomes, Ph.D.Health Scientist AdministratorOffice of Scientific Coordination and Program OperationsDivision of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health5601 Fishers Lane, Room 7G68Rockville. MD 20892(b)(6)VDisclaimer: The informat ion in this email and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the originally intended recipient. If you have received thisemail in error, please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The NationalInstitu te of Allergy and Infectious Diseases shall not accept liability for any statements made that are the sender'sown and not expressly made on behalf of NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Sent: Wednesday, Apr il 8, 2020 2:49 AM ------ == To: Fauci, Ant hony (NIH/NIAID ) [El (bH >; Billet, Courtney (NIH/N IAID) [El______ (_b)_C_6>) ; NIAID Ocpostoffice (NIH/NIAID) <0CPOSTOFFICE@niaid .nih.gov>Cc: Fischer, Elizabeth (NIH/NIA ID) [El (b)( >; Foster, Erin (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)( >; Foster, Sarah (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6); Vasilenko, Olga(NIH/NIAID ) [El (b)(6>:>; Vasquez, Aurelio (NIH/NIAID) [El________ (_b)_C_6,;) Vostal, Alexander (NIH/VRC) [Fl (b)( >; Vazquez-Maldonado , Nancy (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6); Austi n, James (NIH/NIAID) [El4 (b)( ·>; Agulto , Liane (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>; Deckhut, Alison(NIH/NIAID ) [E] (b)(6)>; Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Subject: WG: Inhibit cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by Velcade BortezomibImportance: HighInhibition of cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrom byPROTEASOME INHIBITORS e.g. Velcade {Bortezomib}Dear Dr. Fauci,dear Madams/Sirs,I want to bring to your attension some potentially important experimental data and a new proposal fortreatment of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure . Sorry forthe broad distribution but I wanted to make sure that my message reaches you.Similarly as has been described earlier for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV (Channappanavar & Perlman,2017) , H5Nl and some heavy HlNl Influenza A infe ctions, also COVID-19 patients have beenreported to show significantly increased systemic cytok ine release (i.e. cytoki ne storm), particularlythose patients with lung failure or system ic organ failure (Chao/in Huang et al. Lance t vol 395, 2020, ref1).Previous studies at Virologik GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, in colabo ration with the Friedrich-Loefflerlnstitut,Tuebingen, Germany have shown, that HSNl (or alternatively LPS) -induced Cytokine storm invivo can be inhibited by application of Proteasome Inhibitors (E. Haasbach et al, Antiviral Res. 91,2011, ref . 2), via the inhibition of translocationo fthe NF-icBt ranscriptionf actor to the nucleus (seeFig. below ). The mechanism of NF-KB inhibition by proteasome inhibitors is well described, and worksvia the inhibition of t he protea soma I degradation of the cytosolic inhibitor IKB, this way keeping NF-KBbound in the cytosol and there by inhibit ing the otherwi se induced (by cytokine or LPS- or RNA vi rus)translocat ion of NF-KB to the nucleus where it would initiate the transcr ipt ion of many cytok ines. Thiseffect of proteasome inhibitors seems to wo rk in most cell ty pes, we could demonstrate this effect inseveral different cell types (including macrophages) after stimulation with TN Fa in vitro and in HSNl (orLPS) treated mice in vivo (see manuscript and Figs. attached) .Inhibition of NF-KB by proteasome inhibitors provides the unique potential to inhibit the release ofmany cytokiness imultaneously, in particular strongly pro inflammatory cytokines IL-lex.I,L -6, TNFa.,M IP-1fL.) (whereas some other cytokines involved in ant iviral immune response, such as IFNy probably seemto be not/less affected (because of diffe rent transcription pathway) .Importantly, beside t he anti-inflammatory activity, proteasome inhibitors showed also significant antifibrotic activity (Lueftenegger et al., manuscript and figs attached) , which may be also important in thetreatment of COVID-19 patients with heavy lung disease.Furthermore, there have been several publications showing tha t in particular early phases of thereplication cycle of Corona virus seem to be dependent on interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasomalsystem (UPS) of the host cell, and were effectively inhibited by selective 20S proteasome inhibitors(such as Velcade) (Wang et al. Viro logy J 2010 , 7:99 (ref . 3}; M. Raaben et al. J. Virology, 84(15), 2010,ref. 4).There are several registered proteasome inhibito rs (Bortezomib (Velcade Gt ) e.g. produced byMill ennium Pharmaceuticals (i.e Takeda Oncology); Carfilzomib (Kyprolis®), lxazomib (Ninlaro ®)) fortreatment of multiple myeloma and Mantel cell lymphoma, i.e. there are registered drugs with wellknown side effects available to be tested in small clinical studies for evaluation of their therapeuticefficacy in COVID-19 patients with heavy lung disease and other organ failure. Noteworthy: in contrastto the chronical oncological indications where up to 8 trea tment cycles (and sometimes even more) areapplied, it seems plausible that just one or two treatment cycles of proteasome inhibitors might besufficient to downregulate the cytok ine storm in COVID-19 patients, which would be associated alsowith much lower side effects.Early first experience on efficacy could be gained from compassionate use applications in heavily illCOVID-19 patients very quickly. Beside the registered application forms, i.e. infusions, probab ly alsoinhalative application should be tested as well, because it may be better suited to reach the respectivetarget cells in the lung, i.e. alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. There are multipleinhalative devices available, e.g. the Handyhaler by Boehringer lngelheim used for Spiriva (for COPDtreatment).Alt hough t here are still many open questions, the potential to control the cytokine storm-induced heavylung and other organ failure by using already registered drugs, ie. proteasome inhibitors may be a realchance to get an additional treatment option , hopefully decreasing the cases necessary for artificialaeration.Please forward this mail to the colleages you consider relevant for evaluation, discussion andconsideration for your clinical strategy for COVID-19.Please let me know if additional info rmations are necessary.To my person: I have MD PhD degree and have many years experience in pharmaceutical development(Boehringer lngelheim ), Biotech (lgeneon, Aphton, Virologik GmbH) (for reference see also PubMedKircheis r) currently leading R&D activities at Syntacoll (part of lnnocoll). I am providing this informationpersonally in order to help to find a t reat ment for COVID-19 patients .Looking forward to getting feedback from you,With kind regards,Ralf Kircheis (MD PhD)(b)(6)rkircheis@synt acoll.de(b)(6)Pis inhibit TNFa. Induced nuclear NFicB translocationcontrol• PI inhibit TNF« induced nuclear Nft.B cranslocation in a varietyof cells, Including tumor cells, stellate ceUs and macrophages@ VIRO LoGI KAntiviral Res. 2011 Sep;91 (3):304-13. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.07.006. Epub 2011 Jul 13.Antiviral activity of the proteasome inhibitor VL-01against influenza A viruses.Haasbach E1, Pauli EK, Sprange r R, Mitzner D, Schubert U, Kircheis R, Planz 0.Author informationAbstractThe appearance of highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the H5N1 subtype being able toinfect humans and the 2009 H1 N1 pandemic reveals the urgent need for new and efficientcountermeasures against these viruses. The long-term efficacy of current antivirals is often limited ,because of the emergence of drug-resistant virus mutants. A growing understanding of the virus-hostinteraction raises the possibility to explore alternative targets involved in the viral replication. In thepresent study we show that the proteasome inhibitor VL-01 leads to reduction of influenza virusreplication in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) as demonstrated with threedifferent influenza virus strains, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1 N1) (EC50 value of 1.7 μM},A/Regensburg/O6/09 (H1 N1 v) (ECSO value of 2.4 μM) and A/Mallard/Bavaria/1 /2006 (H5N1) (EC50value of 0.8 μM). In in vivo experiments we could demonstrate that VL-01-aerosol-treatment ofBALB/c mice with 14.1 mg/kg results in no toxic side effects, reduced progeny virus titers in the lung(1.1 ± 0.3 log10 pfu) and enhanced survival of mice after infection with a 5-fold MLD50 of the humaninfluenza A virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1 N1) up to 50%. Furthermore, treatmen t of mice withVL-01 reduced the cytokine release of IL-a/~, IL-6, MIP-1 ~. RANTES and TNF-a induced by LPS orhighly pathogen avian HSN1 influenza A virus. The present data demonstrates an antiviral effect ofVL-01 in vitro and in vivo and the ability to reduce influenza virus induced cytokines andchemokines.Copyright© 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.PMID:21777621DOl :10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.07.006[Indexed for MEDLINEMit freundlichen Grul?,en / Kind regardsDr. Ralf KircheisDirector R&DResearch & DevelopmentMail: RKircheis@syn tacoll .dePhone: +49 9441 686048s~ntocollSyntaco ll GmbH, Donaustrasse 24, D-93342 Saal a. d. DonauTel: + 49 9441 / 68 60 o, Fax: +49 9441 / 68 60 30Handelsregister: Amtsgeri cht Regensburg • HRB 1612USt· ldNr. DE 128580796Geschaftsfuhre rin: Dr. Alexand ra Dietr ichUnsere Hinweose zum Datenschutz, insbesondere zu den Ih nen zustehenden Rechten, finden Sie unte rwwws votacodlle /datenscbut2From:Sent :To:Subject:Brian:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 27 Apr 2020 00:40:50 +0000Xizhong, Cui (NIH/CC/CCMD) [ElRE: remdesivir and Present's wor ds on disinfectantThank you for your note.Best regards,TonyFrom: Xizhong, Cui (NIH/CC/CCM D) [E]Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 8:36 PM-------- (b)( >-------=-=--== To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6)> Subject: remdesivir and Present's words on disinfectan tDear Dr. Fauci,(b) (5)I am an investigator in CCMD, CC, National Institutes of Health, I am studying coronav irus infection inanimal models on preclinical treatment. I was a doctor when I was in China, now I am just a preclinicalinvest igator on infectious diseases.(b) (5)(b) (6), (b) (5)Best wish to you and be safe. Thanks your efforts to all Americans!!Brian X. Cui, MD, Ph.DCritical Care Medcicine DepartmentClinical CenterNational Institutes of HealthPhone: (b)(From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [EJSun, 26 Apr 2020 23 :13:59 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/ NIAID) [E)Subject:upload t alk)Attachment s:Re: Keynote Spea~er- Keystone Vac:cinology eSymposia (direct ions to record &image00 l. png, image002.png, image003.png, image004.png, imag e00S.pngAgree.On Apr 26, 2020, at 6:38 PM, Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E](b) (6) wrot e:I think Hilary is closest to this and shou ld get the assignm entFrom: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/N IAID) (E] (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, Apr il 26, 2020 5:12 PMTo: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@n iaid.nih .gov>Subject: FW: Keynote Speaker- Keystone Vaccinology eSymposia (directions to record &upload tal k)Greg and team:Let us discuss.TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confident ial and maycontain sensitive information . It should not be used by anyone who is not theoriginal intended recipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform thesender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices . The Nationa lInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for anystatements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representa tives.From: Kristina Horton <krist inah@keystonesymposia.org>Sent : Friday, April 24, 2020 4:06 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [El .-------- -(,b.-.)_(.=., >Cc: rino.r.rappuol i@gsk.com; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El- --------- (b)( > Subjec t: Keynote Speaker- Keystone Vaccinology eSymposia (directions to record & uploadtalk)Greetings Dr. Fauci:Thank you for agreeing to participate as the keynote speaker for the KeystoneeSymposia: Vaccinology in the Age of Pandemics : Strategies Against COVID-19 & Other Global Threats , a virtual conference which will be held on, Monday ,June 15 and Tuesday, June 16, 2020 .Understand ing how busy you are right now, we would like to make this process aseasy as possible. We are hoping to receive pre-recorded talks by Monday, May18. Please keep us apprised on your timeline and we will work with your schedule .Here are the details on next steps.Next Steps:• Keynote Talk Title: Transforming Vaccino logy: COVID-19 Emergency andConsiderations for the Next Decadeo Please review your talk title and return any changes. Changescan be made up to two-weeks prior to the event.• Please follow this link to upload your talk recording, by Monday, May.1.!lC. lick here to learn more about recording your presentation . Our mediateam can assist you with recording on your personal computer.• Similar to the face -to-face conference, we envision approximately50-60 minutes for the keynote lecture.For questions about the scientific programming of this meeting, please contact Dr.Rappuoli at rino.r.rappuoli@gsk .com and I will serve as the administ rative/logisticscontact at KristinaH@KeystoneSymposia.org.Best,KristinaKristina H. Richardson, MSScientific Advisory Board Coord inatorAdministrative Assistant: CSO & Global Developmen t+ (b)( 6) I kristinah@keystonesymposia.org<image0O 1. png>PO Box 1630 I Silverthorne I CO 80498 I USA (regular mail only)160 US Highway 61 Ste. 200 I Silverthorne I CO 80498 I USA (courier only)970.262.1230 I 800 .253.0685 I www.keystonesymposia.orgVisit virtual.keystonesymposia.ortgo view our digital content .<image002. png><image003.png><image004. png><image00 5. png>KEYSTONE'" SYMPOSIA'o n M o le c ul a r a nd Ce llul a r Bi ologyAccc/crari ng Life Science DiscoveryDIVERS ITY IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE000KEYISO NE1 1SAY MPOS~011 Molecular anV1cellular JloJ01yAee.,...IAMM• DIMM._,,•IY■lllff •• 1NI KIIITIPIC ·••11,oac■
From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 23:13:04 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Cc:(NIH/NIAID) [E]Subject:Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C];Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E];Routh, JenniferRe: Thank you , and ...Attachments : image002. pngGayle _ Cb>_<_6 )and so I would like to do it if they clear itOn Apr 26, 2020, at 7:08 PM, Conrad, Patri cia (NIH/NIAID) [E]Cb()6 ) wrote:You sent this to me on Friday but we have not had a chance to discuss.(bXS)- l'UPlease advise if you want to do this - again, adding others here aswell..-pFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 5:44 PM ------ == To: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIA ID) [El (b)( >; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID)[El CbH6)>Cc: Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/N IAID) [C) (b)(6)Subject : FW: Thank you, and ...Have we discussed thi s already? Gayle CbH6JAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : Cb()6 )FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and maycontain sensitive information. It should not be used by anyone who is not theoriginal intended recipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform thesender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for anystatements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representa tives.From: Gayle Smith <gayle.smith ,@one.org>Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2020 1:48 PM ------- ""=7 To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] (b)(6) :, --------- Cc: Tom Hart <tom .hart@one.o rg>Subject: Thank you, and ...Dear Tony,I have always felt reassured when the good Dr. Fauci speaks, and now more than ever. Asan American , a former colleague, a long-time admirer and student of your wisdom -thankyou . We are all safer because of you, and the world will be a better place because of you.Again.As you know, I am now leading the ONE Campaign. We've been quite active with theONEWorld Campaign, dedicated to the fight against this newest virus, and focused onAfr ica. We've made some progress on debt, and next up is a foc us on ensuring that avaccine, when it comes, is available to everyone.One of the things we want to do is educate people, in all of the places we work. It won 'tsurprise you that of particular urgency amongst our partners in Afr ica is that facts andinformation get to people across the continent, but we also know t hat more facts areneeded everywhere. So next month we are going to launch #PassTheMic, where every dayfor 19 days we will ask a celebrity to turn his or her social media channels over to an experton COVID-19 for one day. So Julia Roberts might turn her Twitter account to you to talkabout the critical elements needed to flatten the curve and slow the spread. Or Idris Elbacould give up his lnstagram to the head of the African CDC so that he can illustrate theimpact COVID-19 will have across Africa and what that means for the rest of the world .We know artists wan t to be helpful right now, but that it is hard to know what to do. Andwe know there are experts like you out there who have the answers. We've thought aboutthis a lot at ONE and wanted to do something we felt would truly have an impact. As welook ahead we know COVID-19 does not know borders and until it is beaten everywherewe are not in the clear. We need a global response plan and we need it now. By turningover th eir platforms for the day, celebrity influencers will be donat ing one of their biggestassets - their followers - to YOU, giving you the platform you need (and we all need) to tellthe world why a global response is cri tical. Because none of us are safe unt il all of us aresafe.We will work with each expert/celebrity pair to personalize the content to our and ourcelebrity partners' audiences - in North Amer ica, Europe and Africa, and help createcontent that both parties are happy with. We are now confirming our talent part ners, andso far are getting a terrific response .We know you're a busy man, so we've planned it so that the amount of time on your endwould be minimal. But the impact would be maximal.I'm attaching more information about the campaign. Please let me know what you thinkand if you have questions. Ideally we would like to get th is off the ground in early May, soare hoping to conf irm folks by April 28th at the latest. Our team will be in touch with youroffice to follow up.Thanks as always for everything you do. All my best to you, Gayle<image002.png>Gayle Smith I President & Chief Executive Officer I ------- (b)(6)ONE.ORG I Twitter I Facebook I lnstagramONE is a global movement campaigning to end extreme poverty and preventable disease by2030 so that everyo ne, everywhere can lead a life of dignity and opportunity .<PasstheMic Expert Outreach. pdf>
From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Tim:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:50:57 +0000Broas, TimothyGrady , Christine (NIH/CC/BEP) [ElRE: Greeti ngsThank you for your kind note . It was great to hear from you. I hope tha t all iswell with you and your family and that we get a chance to reOconnect when thesituation begins to return to some form of normal ity ..Best regards ,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Broas, Timothy <t imothy .broas@bclplaw .com>Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2020 10:26 AM ------- == To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: GreetingsDear Tony:It's been a long time. Honestl y, I can't remember when we last saw each other. I recall thatwonderful day we went to the Nats game together, although I cannot remembe r who else camewith us. And of course I will always remember when you came to my Partners in Healthfundraiser and introduced Paul Farmer. I will never forget yours eech (and neither will Paul!).Ooce oo~I apologize for dropping out of touch .Those events were so many years ago, (b) (6) no? So much has happenedand changed since then, and now, seeing you and listening to your wise words and adviceevery day, I am reminded that we need to reconnect, when it's safe and you have time . Wehave so much to catch up on! I have been meaning to write to you or call you, but I hadmisplaced your email address and phone numbers. I hope this address works and thismessage reaches you .Meantime, thank you for your service to our country , indeed the world . You have been a solid,wise, steady voice, Tony, and , despite all the naysayers and fools on social media, you haveearned the respect of billions of people. I am very proud of you, and am humbled and honoredthat I can call you my friend .I hope you and your family are well, and staying safe . The Broas family is doing well, thanks inno small part to your dai ly advice and objective analysis . Thank you! Please let me know ifthere is anything I can do for you or your family.Looking forward to seeing you on the other side of this, and having a good catch up. Whoknows, maybe at a Nats game?Best regards,TimBRYANCAVEAMBASSADOR(R ET) TIMOTHY M. BROAStimothy.broas@bclplaw.comLEIGHTONn r11~+1~ 20p2 sro=s6 11s M:PAISNERul !,! ----(b)(6)BRYANC AVEL EIGHTONPA ISNERL LP.1155 F Street NW, Washington, DC 20004-1357bclplaw.comCOVID-19 / CORONAVIRUS RESOURCES ►This electronic message is from a law firm. It may contain confidential or privileged information. If you received this transmission in error,please reply to the sender to advise of the error and delete this transmission and any attachments.We may monitor and record electronic communications in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Where appropriate we may alsoshare certain information you give us with our other offices (including in otller countries) and select third parties. For further information(including details of your privacy rights and how to exercise them), see our updated Privacy Notice at www.bclplaw.com.From:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSun, 26 Apr 2020 21:44:20 +0000To: Greg Folkers CbH6);Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElCc: Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [ClSubject: FW: Thank you, and ...Attachment s: PasstheM ic Expert Outreach.pdfHave we discussed thi s already? Gayle -------- (b)(6)Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail=--__,. __., (b)(6)The information inlh ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From : Gayle Smith <gayle.smith@one.org>Sent : Thursday, April 23, 2020 1:48 PM ------- ---,~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El ---------(b)(6) Cc: Tom Hart <tom .hart@one .org>Subject: Thank you, and ...Dear Tony,I have always felt reassured when the good Dr. Fauci speaks, and now more than ever. As an American,a former colleague, a long-t ime admirer and student of your wisdom - thank you. We are all saferbecause of you, and the world will be a better place because of you. Again.As you know, I am now leading the ONE Campaign. We've been quite active with the ONEWorldCampaign, dedicated to the fight against this newest virus, and focused on Afr ica. We've made someprogress on debt, and next up is a focus on ensuring that a vaccine, when it comes, is available toeveryone .One of the things we want to do is educate people, in all of the places we work . It won't surpr ise youthat of particular urgency amongst our partners in Afr ica is that facts and informat ion get to peopleacross the cont inent, but we also know that more facts are needed everywhere . So next month we aregoing to launch #PassTheMic, where every day for 19 days we will ask a celebrity to t urn his or her socialmedia channels over to an expert on COVID-19 for one day. So Julia Roberts might turn her Twitteraccount to you to talk about the crit ical elements needed to flatten the curve and slow the spread. OrIdris Elba could give up his lnstagram to the head of the African CDC so that he can ill ustrate the impactCOVID-19 will have across Africa and what that means for the rest of the world .We know artists want to be helpful right now, but that it is hard to know what to do. And we know th ereare experts like you out there who have the answers. We've thought about this a lot at ONE and wantedto do something we felt would truly have an impact. As we look ahead we know COVID-19 does notknow borders and unt il it is beaten everywhere we are not in the clear. We need a global response planand we need it now . By turning over their platforms for the day, celebrity influencers will be donatingone of their biggest assets - their followers - to YOU, giving you the platform you need (and we all need)to tell the world why a global response is crit ical. Because none of us are safe until all of us are safe.We will work with each expert/celebrity pair to personal ize the content to our and our celebritypartners ' audiences - in North Amer ica, Europe and Africa, and help create content that both parties arehappy with . We are now confirming our ta lent partners , and so far are getting a terrific response.We know you're a busy man, so we've planned it so that the amount of time on your end would beminimal. But the impact would be ma>:imal.I'm attach ing more informa tion about the campaign. Please let me know what you t hink and if you havequestions. Ideally we would like to get t his off the ground in early May, so are hoping to confirm folks byApril 28th at the latest. Our team will be in touch with your office to follow up.Thanks as always for everything you do. All my best to you, GayleGayle Smith I President & Chief Execut ive Officer I ------- (b)(6)ONE.ORG I Twitter I Facebook I lnstagramONE is a global movement campaigning to end extreme poverty and preventable disease by 2030 so thateveryone , everywhere can lead a life of dignity ancl opportunity.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSun, 26 Apr 2020 21:36:37 +0000Lusso, Paolo (NIH/N IAID) [ElSubject: RE: Potentia l t reatment breakthrough from MilanThanks.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-O331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail Cb) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformat ion. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Lusso, Paolo (NIH/NIAID) [E]Se nt: Sunday, April 26, 2020 5:09 PM(b)( >To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID). ,[E..] .-:.-.-.-.-.:-.-!==(==b)(==6.)>. ~ ~- Cc: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Re: Potent ial t reatment breakthrough from Mi lanDear Tony :I am trying to reach the Pl of the study, but on a Sunday afternoon/evening I doubt I will be successful.should be able to get more information tomorrow morning and pass it on to you, Cliff and Joe Kovacs.All the best,PaoloPaolo Lusso, M.D., Ph.D.Chief, Section of Viral PathogenesisLaboratory of lmmunoregul at ionBldg. 10, Rm. 6AllNIAID, NIHBethesda, MD 20892Phone: (b)(6) (personal)--==~ (b;H:;:6;;)-;:(-1"a:"b"")' .Fax: (301) 480-5291E-mail:- ------- (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confident ial and may contain sensitiveinformation . It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you havereceived this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any otherstorage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infect ious Diseases (NIAID) shall not acceptliability for any statement made th at are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representat ives.From: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6)Date: Sunday, Apr il 26, 2020 at 3:47 PM ---------=-~ To: "Lusso, Paolo (NIH/NIA ID) [E]" (b)(6)Cc: "Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6)Subject: RE: Potential treatment breakthrough from MilanThanks, Paolo. (b)( S)Best,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6) --------(b) (5)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: l usso, Paolo (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ CbH6)Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 12:22 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------- (b)(6)Subject: Potential treatment breakthrough from MilanDear Tony:(b) (5lCongratulations to Brad Pitt for impersonating you! All the best,PaoloFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:17:22 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [ClSubject: FW: Washington Post story re: Sam mies finalist sPlease set up an interview as requested below. Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Alle rgy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Davidson, Joe <joe.davidson@washpost.com>Sent : Friday, April 24, 2020 12:58 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Cc: (b) (6)Subject: Washington Post story re: Sam mies finali stsHello Tony,Congratu lations on being a Career Achievement finalist for the Samuel J. HeymanService to America Medals (Sammies ). I'm writing a Federal Insid er column about th efinalists and would like arrange a telephone interview with your for the sto ry.My questions include :Why did you join the federal service?Is ther e one example or anecdote that makes you particularly proud of you work?What do you like most about your job?What do you like least about your job?Why would you recommend, or not, your agency and/or the federal governmen t to thoseseeking career advice?I know this is an incred ibly busy time for you. I appreciate that th e life and death issuesrelated to the coronavirus are more important than any award. Nonetheless, I hope youcan spare 10 or 15 minutes for a telephone interview on Tuesday or Wednesday, April 28or 29. I can also make other days that week work.Thank you.Best,JoeJoe Davidson, columnistThe Washington Post1301 K Street, NWWashington, DC 20071202.334 .6415 - work----(b-) (6) - cell joe.davidson@washpost.comTwitte r: @JoeoavidsonWPWebsite: wapo.st/JoeDavidsonFrom:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:14:32 +0000To: Greg Folkers (b)(6)Cc: ------- (b)( ;Grady, Christine (NIH/CC/BEP) [E] Subject: FW: COG - Helen Branswell/STAT request / challenge studiesPlease have her speak with Chris and/or Cliff. Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Friday, April 24, 2020 3:04 PMTo: NIAID COGCORE <COGCORE@mail.nih.gov>Cc: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Subject: COG - Helen Branswell/STAT request/ challenge studiesHelen would like to speak w ith someone (ASF, Cliff , C Grady?) to discuss current thinking hereon challenge studies for COVID-19. Not sure of deadl ine.(b)(6)helen .branswell@statnews.comDisclaimer: Any third-party mate rial in this email has been shar ed for internal use under fair use provi sionsof U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy /veracity. It does not necessarily representmy views nor those of NIAID, NCH, HHS, or the U.S. governmen t.From:Sent :To:Subject:upload t alk)Attachments :Greg and team:let us discuss.TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:12:06 +0000NIAIDODAMFW: Keynote Speaker- Keystone Vaccino logy eSymposia (direct ions to reco rd &Vaccinology eSymposia_DRAFT Program Description & Schedule.pdfNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Kristina Horton <kristinah@keyston esymposia .org>Sent: Friday, Apri l 24, 2020 4:06 PM ------- == To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: rino .r.rappuoli@gsk .com; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: Keynote Speaker- Keystone Vaccinology eSymposia (di rections to record & uplo ad talk)Greetings Dr. Fauci:Thank you for agreeing to participate as the keynote speaker for the KeystoneeSymposia : Vaccinology in the Age of Pandemics: Strategies Against COVID-19 & OtherGlobal Threats, a virtual conference which will be held on, Monday, June 15 and Tuesday,June 16, 2020.Understanding how busy you are right now, we would like to make this process as easy aspossible. We are hoping to receive pre-recorded talks by Monday, May 18. Please keep usapprised on your timeline and we will work with your schedule. Here are the details on nextsteps.Next Steps:• Keynote Talk Title: Transforming Vaccinology : COV ID-19 Emergency andConsiderations for the Next Decadeo Please review your talk title and return any changes. Changes can be madeup to two-weeks prior to the event.• Please follow this link to upload your talk recording, by Monday, May 18. Clickhere to learn more about recording you r presenta tion. Our media team can assist youwith recording on your personal compute r.• Similar to the face -to-face confe rence, we envision approximate ly 50-60 minutesfor the keynote lecture .For quest ions about the scien tific programming of th is meeting , please contact Dr. Rappuo li atrino .r.rappuo li@gsk.com and I will serve as the administrat ive/logistics contactat Kristi naH@KeystoneSympos ia. Org.Best,KristinaKristina H. Richardson, MSScientific Advisory Board CoordinatorAdministrative Assistant: CSO & Global Development(b) (6) I kristinah@keystonesymp osia. org _____ _,,KEYSTONE ~ SYMPOSIAo n M o l ec ul a r a nd C el l ul a r Bi o l ogyAcc elerating Life Science DiscoveryDIVERSITY IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCEPO Box 1630 I Silverthorne I CO 80498 I USA (regular mail only)160 US Highway 6, Ste. 200 I Silverthorne I CO 80498 I USA (courier only)970.262.1230 I 800.253.0685 I www.kevstonesymposia.orgVisit virtual.keystonesymposia .org to view our digital content. oe ooFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Attachments :Steve:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:11:15 +0000Hahn, StephenFW: Thank You! (FDA Submission: EUA200258)2AML- COVID-19_ACCREDITATION 1 PAGER.PDF, IMG-20200330 -WA0002 .jpgThey have contacted me, but have you seen this? I am sure that it is one ofmany that you see.Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Eli J. Safdieh CbH6)>Sent: Friday, April 24, 2020 4:12 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N__IA ID;). .[.E;;.]. .;.::======"::::;:;;;-:--(-b-)(6)Subject: Re: Thank You! ----------(b)(4 ) )Dear Dr. Fauci,Hope all is well. Since this crisis has begun, I have been working(b)(4)Best Regards,Eli J. SafdiehFrom: "Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID ) [E]" (b)( > on behalf of "Fauci, _;__ _ _;_;;_;;_.:::=;~c,""-------A nth on y (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6)Date: Thursday , March 19, 2020 at 10:59 AMTo: Eli Safdieh (bH6)>Subject: RE: Thank You!Dr. Fauci wanted me to thank you for you note.Best regards,Patricia L. ConradPublic Health Analyst andSpecial Assistant to the DirectorNational Inst itute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesThe National Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, MSC 2520 - Room 7 A03Bethesda, Maryland 20892(b)(6)301-496-4409 faxDisclaimer :The information in this e-ma il and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensi tive information . It should not be usedby anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you have received th is e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete itrrom your mailbox or any otner storage oevices. National 1nslilute or Allergy ano 1nrec11ousD iseases (NIAID) snau not accep1liability ror any statement made that are sender's own and not expres sly made on behatr or the NIAID by one or its representatives .From: Eli J. Safdieh (b)(6)> ______ _,Sent: Thursday, March 19, 2020 5:13 AM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) --------- Subject: Thank You!Hi Dr.,Hope all is well with you and your family.You are a symbo l of integrity, nationalism , human ity, brilliance and perseverance. God bless you in allthat you do for our country, fo r human beings and society.We are praying for your success in mitigating and destroying this epidemic!Best Regards,Eli J. SafdiehFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSun, 26 Apr 2020 21:06:30 +0000Dieffenbach, Carl (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: Documents as discussedNational Institu te of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 3 I, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institu tes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone (b) (6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b) (6)The informa tion in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensi tive infom1ation. Itshould not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recip ient. lf you have received this e-mail in errorplease inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The National Institute ofAllergy and Infectious Disease s (NlAID) shall not accept liability for any statements made that are the sender's ownand not express ly made on behalf of the NlAID by one of its representatives.-----Original Message-----From: Dieffenbach , Carl (NlH/NIAID) [E] ---------(-b)( Sent: Friday, April 24, 2020 6: 13 PM -------=-:,-:-= To: Fauci, Anthony (NTH/NlAID) [E] -------- (b)(6) > Subject: FW: Documents as discussedDr. Fauci ,l feel compelled to let you know directly when ever l talk to or correspond with an [C Director. I know you askedhim to reach out. Just closing the loop.Carl-----Original Message- ----From: Dieffenbach, Carl (NTH/NTATD) [E]Sent: F1;day, April 24, 2020 6: 11 _PM_ ____ ~=To: Singer, Dinah (NIH/NC[) [E] ______ Cb><_ ; Sharp less, Norman (NII-I/NC I) [E](b)( >Cc: Fauci , Anthon (NTH/NTAlD) [E] (b)(6) Auchincloss , Hugh (NTH/NIATD) [E](b) (6)> ; Erbelding , Emily (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b) (6) ; Cassett i, Cr istina(NIH/NIAID) [EJ. ..._______,, ,___ C_b) (6).>Subject: Documen ts as discussedDinah and Ned,Jt was a pleasure talking to you about what you are considering . As we discussed, here is the NIAID Strategic Planthat was just published , and two models of funding opportunity announcements for you to consider as models. I alsothink the Cancer Centers have aspects of collaboration , shared facilities, and research focus that you can borrow. Somuch of what NlAlD has built is modeled on the Cancer Centers.NWD strategic plan for COYID-19https: / /www .nia id.nih . gov /site s/ default / tiles/NIA ID-COY 10-19-Strategic-P lan-2020. pdfCurrent Centers for ATDS Research FOAhtips://grant~.nih.gov/grants lguide/pa -fi les/par-20-106.htmlThis is a very old RF A. Tam sending it because it was NTAID's first attempt to build rese arch capacity for the Level3 and Level 4 pathogens after the Anthrax events. The current versions of the RF As have been limited competitionsand are a Jess relavant.https: //grants.nih .gov/grants /guide/rfa-fi lesirfa-ai-04-032.htmlWith best rega rds,CarlCarl W. Die ffenbach, Ph.D.DirectorDivision of AIDS, NIAID560 l Fishers Lane , Room 8D34{he, him, his)Rockville , MD 20852-983 lPhone: (b) (6)Ce ll: (b)(6)Fax: (240) 627-3466The informa tion in th is e-mail and any of its attachm ents is confidential and may contain sensitive information . Itshould not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recip ient. If you have rece ived this e-mail in en-orplease inform the sen der and delete ii from your maibox or any other s torage devices. The NfAID shall not acc eptliability for any statem ent made that are the sender 's own and not expressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one ofits representatives.From:Sent :To:Subject:Yes.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:05:18 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)RE: Interview - john lauermannNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496~ 09E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------(b) (6)•>Sent: Friday, April 24, 2020 7:12 PM- -------, .....,....,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ~=======~ = Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6l>Subject: FW: Interview - john lauermannImport ance: HighOk to schedu le? This is clearedFrom : Joh n Lauerman (BLOOMBERG/ NEWSROOM: ) At : 04/1 4/2018 : 46: 16To :Cc :(b)(6)Subject : RE : Inte r view(b)(6)(b) (6) ' (b)(6)Hi J ennife r e t a l : He r e ar e a few ques ti ons fo r Dr . Fa uci .Scientists from the Un i versity of Bri s tol found that thecoronavirus has u ne xp ec t ed t endenc y t o large mut a t i ons in t hespi ke protein when its grown in monkey cells . This ha d been seenb efore as a virus t h at was un wi ll i ng t o mutat e . Does t h is crea t ea ny co ncer n s about vaccine design a nd effec t ive ness?I t now appears t h at some peop l e wh o recover from Cov i d h ave noa nt ibodies t o t he SARS-Cov2. What are t he poss i b l e ex p l a nat i o n sfor this? Has it occurre d in other vira l d iseases? Does it haveany implications fo r the e ffectiveness of vaccines? Is NIAI Di nves t i gati ng t hi s? I s th ere a poss i b il ity t h at t he v i russequesters in cells ?Ano t h er fea tu r e of coro nav i ruses appears t o be ra p i d l y wanin gimmunity . Has this been seen in any NIAID experiments? What doest his s uggest abo u t the vir u s ' s ability to evade the immu nesyst em?A l ab or at ory at Oxford has suggested that , if al l go es we ll ,t he y may be f ini s hed with p hase 3 t r i a l s in 5000 p eo p l e by t hefall , which co u ld mean as early as Septe mber . Does that so undrealistic to you?Some compa ni es are aski ng regu l ators t o make sure t h at safe tystandards are upheld for maker s of Covid vaccin e s , and thatc or ne rs aren ' t cu t . Is i t wor t h cut t ing some safe t y co r ne rs t oge t a Cov i d vacc ine read y for distr i bution?How ma ny p eo p l e s hou l d t he Mod erna va cc i ne be t es t ed in i n ph as e3? How l ong wou l d you e xpec t t ho s e t r i als t o tak e?Tha n ks very muc h, h ope we ca n se t t hi s up soo n . All best , JL +442035 25 1 028E'rom : (b)( ------------- 6) At : 0 4 / 12 / 2 0 2 2 : 3 8 : 3 6 To : John La u er manCc :(BLOOMBERG/ NEWSROOM: ).----- C_Hb_ 6_J I (b)( ~ '(b)( 6)Subject : RE : Inte r viewHi John - sorry we are still trying to get somethi ng arranged. Could you sendyour questions .Thanks,JenJennifer Routh [E]News and Science Writing BranchOffice of Communications and Government RelationsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)NIH/HHS31 Center Drive Room 7A17CBethesda, MD 20892Direct: (b) (6)(b)(6)Disclai mer: The informat ion in this e-mail and any of its attach ments is confiden tial and may conta in sens itive informat ion.It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you have received th is e-mail in error pleaseinform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The Nationa l Institute of Alle rgy andInfect ious Diseases shall not accep t liabi lity for any state ments made that are sender's own and not express ly made onbehalf of tile N IAID by one of its representatives.From:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSun, 26 Apr 2020 21:00:27 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Folker s, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: BOLIVIAN COVID-19 GUIDELINESI cannot co-aut hor anything with them. Make sure they do not slip my name in.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone Cb()6 )FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- Se nt: Saturday, Apr il 25, 2020 7:20 AM --------=-o:-= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6); Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIA ID) [E) (b) (6) >Subject: Fwd: BOLIVIAN COVID-19 GUIDELINESSent from my iPhoneBegin forwarded message:From: Quispe Cornejo Armin Alvaro ----------------- (b)( >Dat e: April 25, 2020 at 5:30 :30 AM EDT -------~ = To: "Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)( >, "Barasch, Kimberly{NIH/N IAID) [C]" (b)(6)>Subject: BOLIVIAN COVID-19 GUIDELINESDear Ms. Patricia ConradDear Ms. Kimberly Marie BaraschI hope you are well desp ite the current devastat ing world pandemic.The Bolivian Society of Intensive Care together with the Bolivian HealthcareMinistry are writing the national guidelines for the manageme nt of COVID-19 in thecritically ill patient, an issue that is an emergency worldwide and maybecome disastrous in the low-middle income countr ies of Latin America if notmanaged since the beginning with precise, accurate and uniform approaches .With our team in Erasme University Hospital in Brussels , Belgium, together withProfessors Jean - Louis Vincent, Fabio Taccone, Jean Charles Preiser,Jacques Creteur, etc., we are preparing the material with other Bolivian andMexican intensiv ists , internists , infectologists, imagenologists.I wonder if Dr. Anthony Fauci would honor us coauthoring and reviewing our lastversion of some chapters of our guidelines.Best regards ,SPE - CORNEJO,Erasme I-~dicine PhD fellow (Fell.)ritica f UNA MJ -Jbeto/og[a - Educaci6n- SIZ member1 8177■ Cliniquesu nlve,silair~dRo 11£ d lf n 11k 808 . 8S \WM.erasme.ulb.ac.beErasme ILienvers Disclaimer■ Cllniquesu niversitair~sd e Bruxelles~oute dr '"" lk 808 8 1070 8 ux lie'>s v.ww.erasme.ulb.ac,beFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 20:12:51 +0000Alb ert i SaverioSubject: RE: spreading determinants of SARS-CoV-2Thank you!Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-O331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformat ion. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recip ient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not express ly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Alberti Saverio (b)( ------------ Sent : Sunday, April 26, 2020 9:10 AM ---------~~ To: Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ---------- (b)(6) Subject: spreading determinants of SARS-CoV-2Dear Tony,we are all witnessing the great effort your collabo rators and yourself are investing over this pandemicemergency .As you well know, in Europe and Italy we had the unfortunate priv ilege of having been first hit hard bythe pandemic, after China.We had the opportuni ty of meta -analyzing data from 170.000 patients in European countries , forassociated determinants of the spread ing fo rce of COVID-19.If this may provide a useful, albei t non gratifying, contr ibution for the US and other countries, we wou ldfeel we had done our job .best wishesSaverioProf. Saverio AlbertiGenetica MedicaDipartimento di Scienze BiomedicheUniversita di MessinaPoliclinico "G. Martino"via Conso lare Valer ia98 125 Messina(b)(6)Skype: ----(b-)(6) iemail : _____(b)(_6), ..From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:58 :06 +0000(b)(6)Subject: RE: Covid 19 Double Mechanism . By Dr Brogna CarloThank you for sending this.Best regar ds,AS FauciAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-O331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: c.brogna@libero .it ------- (b)(6)Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 7:51 AM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------------=---:-=,( b)(6) Subject: Covid 19 Double Mechanism . By Dr Brogna CarloDear Dr A. Faucy,we don't know each other. I was born (b)(6) I am a simple doctor inMedicin and live in a remote Italian region. I am no one . I trust in God that you can read mypaper, being published. I send it to you to anticipate the exit times because I trust that we canreally unders tand what Covid 19 is. Being nobody , I did what nobody would have done. I usedthe few tools I had available and questioned all the papers and data published so far. I describewhat the dual mechanism of the Covid-19 can be. I anticipate that the resu lt conclusioni is notto my credit but I have been helped. I wish you a good read. May God bless us.Sincerely w ith love,Dr. Carlo Brogna M.D.(b)(6)ItaliaAvellino -lserniaFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:56:13 +0000Goletti DeliaCc: Fabrizio Cantin i; (b)(6) Lerner, Andrea {NIH/NIAID) [E];Cassetti, Cristina{NIH/NIAID) [E];Marston, Hilary {NIH/N IAID) [E];Greg Folkers (b)(6)Subject: RE: impact of bari citini b in COVID-19-an off label study CONFIDENTIALThank you, Delia. I appreciate the informat ion.Best regar ds,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidentia l and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you havereceived th is e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any otherstorage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not acceptliability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representati ves.From: Golett i Delia (b)(6hSent : Friday, Apri l 17, 2020 8:03 AM -------~= To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Fabrizio Cantini (b)(6}Subject: impact of baricitinib in COVID-19-an off label study CONFIDENTIALdear dr Fauci, good morn ing. I hope you are fine.Apologies to dist urb you but it may be of your interest . I saw in the web that you {NIAID/Fauci)(https ://investor. I ii ly .com/news-releases/news-release-details/Ii lly-begi ns-cli n ica 1-testi ng-the rapies-covid-19 )will be support a tria l using Baricit inib as part of the ACTT tria l ...I collaborated with Fabrizio Cantini {he reads in cc), a reumathologist of Prato to write a letter to J Infection{pdf attached). He conducted an off- label study in patients with mild -moderate pneumonia with COVID-19[(SpO2) >92% at room -air, and rat io arterial oxygen part ial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen {PaO2/FiO2)100-300 mm Hg] to evaluate the impact ofbaritinib {tablet 4 mg/day) in terms of safety, clin ical respiratoryimprovements, discharge, ICU tr ansfer in 2 we eks; these pati ents received also lopinavir/ritonavi r therapy.The last consecutive patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia receiving standa rd of care therapy(lopinavir/ri tonavir and hydroxychloroquine) admitted before the date of the fi rst baricitinib -treated patientserved as controls.The results of this off-label study, with the limit of not been a RCT, are encouraging:1. Safety: only 1/12 case of transaminase elevation at day 10, likely due to lopinavir ritonavir coadministrationbecause baricitinib is mainly renal secreted2. Respiratory improvement : Sp02 and ratio arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen(Pa02/Fi02) significant ly improved;3. Discharge in 7 /12 vs 1/124. ICU transfer (0/12 vs 4/12)I do hope it may be a useful, although I am aware that it is a very preliminary info for you.Thank you for your attent ion.All the bestDeliaOa: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6) 1 n vi at o: giovedl 16 aprile 2020 00:02A: Goletti Delia (b)(6)Oggetto : RE: Italian press ... for you!Delia:Thank you very much for sending these.Best regards,TonyFrom: Goletti Delia (b)(6)>Sent: Wednesday, Apri l 15, 2020 2:51 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------,a (b..),.(=.6)Subject: Italian press ... for you!Dear dr Fauci, I disturb you only to let you know that the Italian press is with you!Dr Ippolito asked me to cont ribute to prepare a document in support of you which I did with all my hearth . Igave my very minor contribution in supporting the scientific journalist, but with a lot of proud for you .If you do not have it, below are the some of the links in your favor .https://apnews.com/27feaca21519a5eaf555c01313d33b91https://apnews.com/b59d0a2c4c53f1c63a074b0d375fec23https://www.nytimes.com/aponl ine/2020/04/15/world/europe/ap-eu-virus-outbreak-italy-fauci.htmlhttps://www .nytimes.com/aponline/2020/04/15/business/ap-virus-outbreak-the-latest.htmlhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/italian-virus-hospital-offers-fauci-work-if-trump-fireshim/2020/04/15/9b9afac0-7f16-11ea-84c2-0792d8591911 story.htmlhttps:// a bcnews .go. com/Health/wireStory/italian-virus-hospital-off ers-fa uci-work-trump-fires-70160122https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.iU2020/04115/coronavirus-direttore-spallanzani-scrive-a-mattarella-econte-il-licenziamento-di-fauci-sarebbe-un-disastro-e-non-solo-per-usa/5770793/https://www.repubblica.it/salute/med icina-ericerca/2020/04/15/news/per favore non silurate anthony fauci-254087254/https://www.sanitainformazione.it/politica/emergenza-covid-19-negli-usa-anthony-fauci-rischia-illicenziamento-lappello-di-ippolito-spallanzani/https://www.adnkronos.com/fatti/cronaca/2020/04/15/coronavirus-pazienti-dimessi-dallospallanzani pu DuaZKkoJ NyLCZ 11 DlgPN .htmlall the bestDeliaDa: Goletti Delia(b) (6)>lnviato: domenica 12 aprile 2020 19:57A: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ ____,Oggetto: R: all my gratitude and an updateThank you for your time!Best regardsDa: Fauci,A nthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)- ------- (b)( > lnviato: domenica 12 aprile 2020 19:53A: Galetti Delia (b)(6)Oggetto: RE: all my gratitude and an updateDelia:Many thanks for your kind note. It is much appreciated. I am pleased to see that you are gettinginvolved in COVID-19 work. Keep up your excellent work.Best regards,TonyFrom: Goletti Delia (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 11:02 AMTo: Fauci,A nthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ----- --:a(b- ")"('=6).>Subject: all my gratitude and an updatedear dr Fauci , apologies to write you in these busy days. It is only to express all my gratitude for whatyou have done in your life to fight infectious diseases and what you are doing now for COVID-19.Your efforts and achievement are in front of the whole world and for me it is a great honor to havebeen with you in 1992-1996 at the time of HIV fight. As I told you many times , you are a model ofexcellence!Only to keep you updated in my life, I am fine , and I mainly work as an ID specialist and scientist atthe same place in Rome, the Nationa l Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani. I am doing 2days a week outpatients TB clinic and I run a small laboratory on TB research. However , given thepandemia, I shifted the lab activities on COVID-19, in particular on:1. the role of coinfection (COVID-19 coinfection with tuberculosis, or COVID -19coinfection with HIV) on the modulation of the in vitro immune specific-response toSARS-CoV-2, or M. tuberculosis or HIV in cells from COVID-19 patients at differentclinical stage2. in vitro evaluation of the immunological and virological effect of baricinib, an anti-JAK1and -JAK2 drugs, used in reumathoid arthritis, that has shown using BenevolentAl 'sproprietary artificial intelligence-derived knowledge graph, as an agent that reduces theSARS-CoV-2 endocytosis into target cells potentially inhibiting the entry.Moreover , I would be happy to contribute in any activity you may think I am useful.I wish you a happy Easter in this blessed day.Thank you for your attention and for having had the possibility of working with you that has beencrucial in my personal and professional life.All the bestDel iaDelia Goletti, MD, PhDClinica l Inves tigator , Labo rat o rio del Vecchio, Room 13Head of Translat ional Research Uni tDepartment of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. SpallanzaniVia Portuense 292, Roma 00149 ItalyTel: ___ (b) (6), Fax: +39-06-5582-825E-mail addr ess (http://www .inmi .it/ ricerca t raslaziona le.htm l; http://www. inmi.it/ ricerca tras lazionale english.ht mlProfes sor of Pathology,Unicarnillus UniversityRome, Italy® LN ICAMILLUSVisiting Professor,Centre for lmmunobiology,B!izard Institute,Queen M ary Univ(?fSity of London, UKTop Ital ian Wom en ScientistFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Wed, 22 Apr 2020 14:41:51 +0000Billet, Courtney (NIH/N IAID) [E]RE: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guideline s for COVID-19Please send me our press release related to the guidelinesAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"44 09E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 8:46 PM ------ ::;..,..-,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( ; Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E]--------- (b)(6); Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19Your thoughts on Cliff et al doing a COCA call about the new guidel ines?(COCA= CDC's Clinician Outrea ch and Communicati on Activity)From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent : Tuesday, April 21, 2020 8:37 PM ------~~ To: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ Cb _H_6)>; Masur, Henry (NIH/CC/CCMD) [E](b)(6)Cc: Pau, Alice (NIH/NIAID) [E) ______ CbH6)>; Doepel, Laurie (NIH/NIAID) [E)(b)(6)Subject: RE: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19------------------------ (b)(5 We don' t have t o decide this to night ....(b) (5)From: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 8:20 P-M- --- --,;= To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E]- --------- (b)(6)>; Masur, Henry (NIH/CC/CCMD) [E] (b) (6) >Cc: Pau, Alice {NIH/NIAID) [E_ ______ Cb~).6. ). Doepel, Laurie (NIH/NIAID) [E)(b)(6)>Subject: Re: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH t reatment guidelines for COVID-19(b) (5)From: "Bi lle t, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El" (b)(6)Date: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 at 3:49 PMTo: "Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E]" L CbH6)j, "Masur, Henry (NIH/CC/CCMD) [E]"(b)( >Cc: "Pau, Alice (NIH/NIAID) [El" (b)(6), Laurie Doepel (b)(6)Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment gu idelines for COVID-19Please advise?From: Hall, Bill (HHS/ASPA) -------- (b) (6)>Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 3:46 PM -----~~ To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19Would Cliff and company want to participate in a COCA call that CDC could put on?From: Bonds, Michelle E. (CDC/0D/OADC) ------ (b)(6)> Sent : Tuesday, April 21, 2020 2:44 PMTo: Hall, Bill (HHS/ASPA) (b)(6)Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19I see the NIH treatment guidelines news release is out. Are you still interested in hosting a COCA canon these guidelines?Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19Just out, press release from NIH:Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-1904/21/2020 11:30 AM EDT"Living document" expected to be updated often as new clin ical data accrue.ExpertU .S. panel developsN IH treatmengt uidelinesf orCOVID-19"Living document" expected to be updated often as new clinical data accrue.
Colorized scanning electron micrograph ofan apoptotic cell (green) infected with SARS-COV-2 virus particles(orange), isolated from a patient sample. Image captured at the NLAID Integrated Research Facility {lRf) in F01tDetrick . Maryland.N/A/DA panel of U.S. physicians, statisticians, and other experts has developed treatment guidelinesfor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These guidelines, intended for healthcare providers ,are based on published and preliminaiy data and the clinical expertise of the panelists, many ofwhom are frontline clinicians caring for patients during the rapidly evolving pandemic. Theguidelines are posted online ( covid 19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov) and will be updated often asnew data are published in peer-reviewed scientific literature and other authoritative informationemerges.The guidelines consider two broad categories of therapies currently in use by healthcareproviders for COVID-19: antivirals , which may target the coronavirus directly, and hostmodifiers and immune-based therapies , which may influence the immune response to the virus ortarget the virus.The panel 's conclusions about treating COVJD-19 with various agents that fall into these twoclasses of therapies are distilled in summary recommendations. Subsequently , the documentprovides background information about each agent-such as clinical data about its use, ongoingclinical trials, and known interactions with other drugs-that forms the basis for theRecommendation. Tables briefly outline the same information.The guidelines also describe the evaluation and stratification of patients based on their risk ofinfection and severity of illness. Recommendations in this section address best practices formanaging patients at different stages of infection, for example:• Outpatients who are either asymptomatic or who have mild to moderate symptoms and are selfisolating• Inpatients with severe illness or critical diseaseSpecial considerations for pregnant women and for children who are infected are also included.A comprehensive section of the guidelines addresses a range of considerations for clinicianscaring for the most c1itically ill hospitalized patients. This section includes multiplerecommendations for patients needing critical care, including infection control procedures,hemodynamic and ventilatory support, and drug therapy.Finally, the guidelines include recommendations concerning the use of concomitant medications.These include statins; corticosteroids; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; and certain drugsused to conlrnl hype rtension, known as ACE inhibitors and ARBs.The treatment guidelines panel is co-chaired by Roy M. Gulick, M.D., chief of the InfectiousDisease Division at Weill Medical Hospital of Cornell University, New York City; H. CliffordLane , M.D., clinical director of the National Institute of Allergy and lnfectious Diseases,National Institutes of Health; and Herny Masur, M.D., chief of the Critical Care MedicineDepartment at the NIH Clinical Center. Members of the guidelines panel, appointed by the cochairs,were chosen based on their clinical experience and expertise in patient management,translationa l and clinical science , and/o r the development of treatment guidelines. They include30 experts drawn from U.S. healthcare and academjc organizations, federal agencies, andprofessional societies.About the National Institutes of Health (NIH) : NIH, the nation's medical research agency,includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services. NIH is the p1imary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical,and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for bothcommon and rare diseases. For more informat ion about NIH and its programs, visitwww.nih.gov.From: National Institutes of Health (NIH) <nih.ocpl@service.govdelivery.com>Sent : Tuesday, April 21, 2020 12:32 PM ----~ = To: Bedrosian, Sara (CDC/0D/OADC) (b)(6)Subject: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19Hav ing 1rouble viewing this emai l'.' View it as a Wch oage.You are receiving 1his message because you are subscribe:! 10 News Releases for Na1ional lnstitu1es of Heallh (NIH).Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-1904/21/202011:30AM EDT"Living document" expected to be updated often as new clinical data accrue.Update Your E-mail Address I Add Subscriptions I UnsubscribeIf you have questions or problems with the subscription service, please contactsubscriberhelp .govdelivery.com . For all other inquiries about NIH programs and activities,please contact Ask NIH. Before writing, please view our Freguently Asked Questions page , ourHealth Information page, or Search our website.This service is provided to you by the National Institutes of Health .NIH ... Turning Discovery Into Health®This email was sent to eri7@cdc .gov using GovDelivery Communications Cloud on behalf of: National Institutes ofHealth (NIH) · 9000 Rockville Pike · Bethesda MD 20892 · 301-496-4000 I TTY 301-402-9612DFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent: Fri, 24 Apr 2020 01:11:10 +0000To: Marks, Peter;Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [ElCc: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E);Disbrow, Gary (OS/ASPR/BARDA);Conrad, Patricia(NIH/NIAID) [E);Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [CJ (b)(6)Subject: RE: Vaccine DevelopmentAttachments: Warp Speed Brief Deck 0800 042220.pptxPeter:Happy to discuss at your convenience - sooner rat her than later . Let us make sure that we----------------------- CbHlS. Happy to discuss this in deta il with you.Best regards,TonyFrom: Mar ks, Peter CbH >Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2020 5:50 PMTo: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El ------ (=b),,(.=6.,J>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E](b) (6) >Cc: Mascola, John {NIH/VRC) [El (b)(6J; Disbrow, Gary {OS/ ASPR/BARDA)(b)(6)Subject: Vaccine DevelopmentDear Francis and Tony,I know that you have heard murmuring about Project Warp Speed. We had a call today with JohnMascola, Carl Dieffenbach, Hilary Marston, Mary Marovich and Emily Erbelding to go through theproposal and discuss how it could feed into the ACTIV effort. Cb) (SJ(b)(5)They suggested that I contact you to try to set up a brief call togo over the plan. I am attaching a slide deck that provides an overview and am happy to find the timewhenever you are available.Thanks so much for considering,PeterFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Attachments:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElWed, 22 Apr 2020 00:29:08 +0000Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El,------ -C;;"Hb,'"="Viral Clades Brufsky 42020 Accepted Final.pdfViral Clades Brufsky 42020 Accepted Final.pdfHere is the paper from Pittsbu rg on the mutations. I will send on separate e-ma il thecommentary from China on another studyFrom : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 3:43 PM To: Graham, Barney (NIH/VRC) [El- ------~ Cb=H6 )>Cc: Mascola, John {NIH/VRC) [El (b)(6)Subject: FW: Viral Clades Brufsky 42020 Accepted Final.pdfThis is really gett ing inte rest ing. See att achment.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)>Sent : Tuesday, April 21, 2020 3:28 -P-M- ---~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6) Redfield, Robert R. {CDC/OD)-----(b)(6)>; Debi Birx (b)(6)> Subject : Viral Clades Brufsky 42020 Accepted Final.pdfSorry for all of the emails. I spoke to Adam who is an oncologist . I thought th is might be of int erest.SteveFrom:Sent :To:Subject:(b) (5)Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Tue, 21 Apr 2020 20:29:10 +0000Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSCRE: Serology Test CalculatorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6)•>Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 4:06 PMTo: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]_:...:...:..!:====~;:---Redfield, Robe rt R. (CDC/OD) (b)(6)>; Giroir, Brett (OS) (b)(6)l>(b)(Subject: Re: Serology Test Calculator(b)(5) DebFrom: "Hahn, Stephen" CbH >Date: Tu esday, April 21, 2020 at 3:23 PM ---------~~ To: "Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC" CbH6) , "Fauci, Anthony S (NIH)"CbH6)>, "Red fi eld, Robert R (CDC)" ____ Cb_H_6)>, "Giroir , Brett (OS)"======== (b');(~:6:)'Subject: Fwd : Serology Test Calcula torFrom: Shuren, Jeff (b)(6)Date: April 20, 2020 at 6:26:14 PM EDTTo: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)>, Lenihan, Keagan- ----------(b)(6)>, Shah, Anand_________ (b_H_6)>, Rom, Colin. .. _______ (b_~_<~Subject: Serology Test CalculatorAttached is a very rudimentary calculator that you are welcome to share with the WHTF/HHS serologyWG to calculate the positive predict ive value and negative predictive value of individual serology testsand the use of two tests by plugging in the known or estimated sensitivi ty, specificity, and populationprevalence of COVID-19. (b)(5)From:Sent:To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Tue, 21 Apr 2020 20:28:43 +0000(b)(6)FW: Serology Test CalculatorAttachments: Calculat or for PPV and NPV for indiv idual tests and comb ined protect ed.x lsxI will call you about thi s.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)( 6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces . The National Institute of Alle rgy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6):>Se nt: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 3:23 PMTo: Debi Birx (b)(6); Fauci, Anth ony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ---:---:-:-::-:~-:::-:-;;::::::===-~ ___ ;....;....;..:::=~~,-----Redf ie Id, Robert R. (CDC/OD) (b)( 6)•>; Giroir, Brett (OS)- ------- CbH > Subject: Fwd : Serology Test CalculatorFrom: Shuren, Jeff ---------- (b) (6)>Date : Apr il 20, 2020 at 6:26 :14 PM EDTTo: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6), Lenihan , Keagan (b)(6J>, Shah, Anand___ .....:__:....____,!=~~~--- __ ___:, _:::, _~~~~----------------- (b) ( 6), Rom, Colin --------- (b)(6)> Subject: Sero logy Test CalculatorAttached is a very rudimentary calculator that you are welcome to share with the WHTF/HHS serologyWG to calculate the positive predict ive value and negat ive pred ictive value of individual serology testsand the use of two tests by plugg ing in the known or estimated sensitivi ty, specificity, and populationpreva lence of COVID-19 (b) (5)Calculator for Positive PTest 1Sen1 Sp197.0% 93.2%Test 2Sen2 Sp288.0% 96.0%redictive Value (PPV) and NeQative Predictive Value (NPV) for individual tests and combinedPrevalence 5.0%Test 1%Pos1 PPV1 for %Neg1 NPV1 for(Test1 =pos) (Test1=pos) (Test1 =neg) (Test1 =neg)11.3% 42.9% 88 .7% 99.8%Test2%Pos2 PPV2 for %Neg2 NPV2 for(Test2=pos) (Test2=pos) (Test2=neA) l(Test2=neA)8.2% 53.7% 91.8% 99.3%Combined%Pos PPVfor %Discordant NPVfor(Test1 =pos, (Test1=pos, (Test1 =pos, (Test1 =pos, %Neg NPV forTest2=pos) Test2=pos) Test2=neg) Test2=neg) (Test1 =neg) (Test1 =neg)4.5% 94.3% 6.8% 91.4% 88.7% 99.8%From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Sat, 18 Apr 2020 22:21:37 +0000To: Hahn, StephenCc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC;Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD);Kadlec, Robert(OS/ASPR/IO);Caliguiri, Laura (FDA/OC);Lenihan, Keagan (FDA/OC);Shuren, Jeff (FDA/CDRH);Lane, Cliff(NIH/NIAID) [E];Shah, Anand (FDA/OC)Subject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County,CaliforniaGreat idea!Anthony s. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6):>Sent: Saturday, April 18, 2020 6:19 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID,..)~:[_E;:)-.::-=-=-==-=-=~-~~Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)( >; Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)(b)(6); Kadlec, Robert (OS/ ASPR/1O) (b)( ; Caliguiri, Laura (FDA/OC)(b)(6); Lenihan, Keagan (FDA/OC) (b)(6); Shuren, Jeff ":"'""-:--------:-:=======:!.:...-~____; (FDA/CDRH) CbH6>L:a; ne, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ; Shah, Anand(FDA/OC)_;..:======::;: (b:);(:c:6,=);-:'Subject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, Californ iaTeam,Anand Shah, Deputy Commissioner, reached out to the Stanford investigators on our behalf. Veryinteresti ng informa tion regarding their research and the test that they are using. They are interested inpartnering with us. I'll let Anand give the detai ls.Anand will be reaching out to the MGH fo lks, as well. (b) (5)SteveFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Date: April 18, 2020 at 3:38 :39 PM EDTTo : Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)(b)(6)Cc : Birx, Deborah L. E.O.P./N..S:C. ----=====~(~b)(6~)>,- R-e:d~fiel d, Robert R (CDC) Kadlec, Robert P (OS) (b)(6), Caliguiri, Laura (b)(6),(b)(6)-=======~~-- Lenihan, Keagan (b)(6)>, Shuren, Jeff ---------(b)(6)>, Lane, Henry c (NIH) .__ _____ Cb~_(6) >Subject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Sero prevalence in Santa Clara County, Califo rniaSteve:John Ioann idis is the one that most of us know. He is the person one of yourpeople could reach out to .Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892 -2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received t his e-mail in er ror please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The Nat ional Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liabi lity for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)Sent : Saturd ay, April 18, 2020 3:25 PM ------~~ To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N_IA_ID ); _[E]; ;_.;..::;:==(b=)(6)=~> = =~Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP (b)(6)>; Redfie ld, Robert R. (CDC/OD)(b)(6J>; Kadlec, Robert (OS/ A5PR/IO} (b)(6)>; Caliguiri, Laura (FDA/OC}"'.'"""'--:-----(b-)(6-)>.=; Le=-ni-h=a-n,=, _K=e,a.g:.a:n.: .(F.D,:A_-/O;C } (b)(6); Shuren , Jeff (FDA/CDRH) (b)(6); Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaWe can certainly work with them . Does anyone know any of these folks?From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ Cb_H_6)Date: April 18, 2020 at 10:51:33 AM EDTTo: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)--::-::-:--::-:-::-:-:.:===:------~= Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EO:.P/N_S_C.!::=====-=~:--~- Cb_H_6) Redfield, Robert R (CDC) (b)( >,Kadlec, Robert P (OS) (b)(6), Caliguiri , Laura (b)(6)>,Lenihan, Keagan (b)(6) Shuren, Jeff (b)(6)>, Lane, HenryC (NIH) ______ Cb _H_6JSubject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaSteve:Thanks for the quick reply. The data from the Stanford group ------- (b) (5)Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MODirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infect ious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-O331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: Cb()6 )FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : Hahn, Stephen (b)( >Sent: Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 10:31 AM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ___ ~_ C_)b~(6~)>~Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6)>; Redfie ld, Robert R. (CDC/OD)(b)(6)>; Kadlec, Robert (OS/ ASPR/1O) (b)(6)>; Caliguiri , Laura (FDA/OC)(b)( v>; Lenihan, Keagan (FDA/OC) (b)(6); Shuren, JeffL;(- :F::D:-A:--/C:-:::D::-R--:H:---):: -=:;===:::!:::...:..:.:...;.,, (b;);(.;6..); , ---------- Subject: Re: medRxiv: COVID-19 Ant ibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaTony,(b) (5)(b) (5)(b)(5l.SteveFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Date: April 18, 2020 at 10:03:32 AM EDTTo: Hahn, Stephen (b) (6)Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6)>, Redfield, Robert R (CDC)- ------ (b)(6) Ka d I e c, Robert P (OS) (b)(6)>Subject: FW: medRxiv : COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaSteve:Thanks,TonyFrom: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 5:44 PMSubject: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California(b) (5)COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaEran Bendavid, Bianca Mulaney, Neeraj Sood, Soleil Shah, Emilia Ling, Rebecca Bromley-Dulfano, Cara Lai, Zoe Weissberg, Rodrigo Saavedra, James Tedrow, Dona Tversky, Andrew Bogan,Thomas Kupiec, Daniel Eichner, Ribhav Gupta, John Ioannidis, Jay Bhattacharyadoi: https://doi .org/10.1101/ 2020.04.1 4.20062463• Abstract• Info / History• Met rics• Preview PDFAbstractBackground Addressing COVID-19 is a pressing health and social concern . To date, many epidemicprojections and policies addressing COVID-19 have been designed without seroprevalence data toinform epidemic parameters. We measured the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in SantaClara County. Methods On 4/3 -4/4, 2020, we tested county residents for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 usinga lateral flow immunoassay. Participants were recruited using Facebook ads targeting a representativesample of the county by demographic and geographic characteristics. We report the prevalence ofantibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a sample of 3,330 people, adjusting for zip code, sex, and race/ethnicity .We also adjust for test performance characteristics using 3 different estimates : (i) the testmanufacturer's data, (ii) a sample of 37 positive and 30 negative controls tested at Stanford, and (iii) acombination of both. Results The unadjusted prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Santa ClaraCounty was 1.5% (exact binomial 95CI 1.11-1.97%), and the population -weighted prevalence was 2.81%(95CI 2.24-3.37%). Under the three scenarios for test performance characteristics, the populat ionprevalence of COVID-19 in Santa Clara ranged from 2.49% (95CI 1.80-3.17%) to 4.16% (2.58-5.70%).These prevalence estimates represent a range between 48,000 and 81,000 people infected in SantaClara County by early April, 50-85-fold more than the number of confirme d cases. Conclusions Thepopulation prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibod ies in Santa Clara County implies that the infection is muchmore widespread than indicated by the number of confirmed cases. Population prevalence estimatescan now be used to calibrate epidemic and mortality projections.From:Sent :To :Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Tue, 21 Apr 2020 03:05:43 +0000clane@niaid.nih.govFW: FYI - "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines"Go for it. Congratulations!!! QFrom: Hall, Bill (HHS/ASPA) (bH >Sent : Monday, April 20, 2020 10:07 PMTo : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ------= (b") "(=6') >Cc: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6J>; Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [E]-------- (b)(6); Burklow, John (NIH/OD) [E) (b)(6) Subject: Re: FYI - "Coronavirus Disease 2019 {COVID-19) Treatmen t Guidelines"Hi Tony,---------------- (bX5)PCP.. I've told John B/Renate/Courtney that everything can post first thing tomorrow morning.Best regards,BillFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] _____ (b)_C_6J>Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 11:53 Afvl --------r::-:-:= To: Miller, Katie R. (ovp.eop.gov) ---------- (b)(6); Short, Marc T. EOP/OVP (b) ( > ----------=-:-~ Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6)>; Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)(b)( 6)j>; Billet, Court,n_-ey- (':N"''..I""H"."/.'.:N""'..I""A'..""l~'D".:)-[::E--']: "=':==~-- ("b");',(6=) ; Hall, Bill (HHS/ASPA) ====~ ~ ---- == (b)(6) J>; O'Malley, Devin M. EOP/OVP (b)(6); (b)(6) ~===~~ ===== (b=)(=6)~1J>;;. L=ane, Cliff {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( ; Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [E](b)( 6)jSubject: FYI - "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines"Katie/Marc:Just as an FYI - "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) TreatmentGuidelines" that were developed here at NIH, and a copy of which I provided toDeb Birx and ult imate ly to Mark Meadows is moving forward . Mark Meadows(b)(5)(b) (5)----------------------------- (bH 5> Press release w i I1 come from NIH w ith clearance through the appropriate channels (seeattachmen t as an FYI). I anticipate that this will happen in th e next day or two .Thanks.TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MODirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail -------- (b)(6) The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mo n, 20 Apr 2020 23:05:49 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: RE: ask to highlight the incredib le work of key federa l workersCorr ect again.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From : Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Sent : Monday, Apri l 20, 2020 5:04 PM ------ == To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El CbH >; Billet, Court ney (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6)>; NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@ni aid.nih .gov> _______ _,,Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6)Subject: RE: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal worke rs(b) (5)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH >Sent : Monday , April 20, 2020 4:52 PM ------- --== To: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6) Billet , Court ney (NIH/NIAID) [E]-------- (b)(6) ; NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih .gov> Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6); Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6)Subject: RE: ask to highlight th e incred ible work of key federal worke rsI agree.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)3FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Folkers, Greg {NIH/NIAID) [E] <gfolkers@niaid.nih.gov>Sent : Monday, April 20, 2020 4:52 PMTo: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] <billetc@niaid .nih.gov>; NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E] <kathy.stover@nih .gov>; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E]<jennifer .routh@nih.gov>Subject : RE: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal worke rs(b) (5)From : Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Sent : Monday, April 20, 2020 4:40 PMTo: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E] (bH >; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>Subject : FW: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal workers(b) (5)Any suggestions?From : Boyse, Natalie (OS/ASPA) (b)(6)>Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 4:28 P-M- ---- ::;..,..-,= To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (bH >; Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [E]______ (b_)C_6>); Burklow, John (NIH/OD) [E] (b)( >Cc: Bird, Catherine (OS/OGC) (b)(6); Brennan, Patrick (OS/ ASPA)(b)(6)>Subject : FW: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal workersHi John, Renate and Courtney -(b) (5)Let me know if you have any questions re: this request. I am avai lable and happy to chat this afternoon.Thanks,NatalieNatalie BoyseSpecial Assistant, Immediate Office of the SecretaryU.S. Department of Health & Human ServicesM, ____ _From: Baldw in, Brittany L. EDP/WHO (b)(6)>Sent: Monday , April 20, 2020 3:00 PM --------~~ To: Boyse, Natalie (OS/ASPA) (b)(6)Subject: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal workersHi Natalie - reat talking ·ust now . (b)(S)~(b) (5)Please do not hesitate to reach out with questions!Brittany L. BaldwinSpecial Assistant to the PresidentSpeechwriter0 : (b)(6)C:- ----(b)(6)(b) (5)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 12:01:43 +0000To: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E);Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E)Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);McManus, Ayanna (NIH/OD) [E];Wood,Gretch en (NIH/OD) [E];Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [E];Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAI D) [C]Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayI agree. Let us do it another time.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)( 6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] -------- (b)( >Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 4:59 AM ------~:-:-= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- CbH >; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b )( 6)Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) IE] CbH ; McManus, Ayan na (NIH/OD) IE]CHb 6)>; Wood, Gretchen (NIH/OD) IE] CbH6)T; abak,Lawrence (NIH/OD) IE] CbH >; Barasch, Kimber ly (NIH/NIAID) [C](b)(6)Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayWith apologies , I jus t real ized that the ACTIV Vaccines working group (wh ich involves John in asign ificant way, and will be joined today by Tai Zaks from Modern a) meets this morning from 9-10 am. Probably we need to pick another ti me for this pow -wow about the CVP?FrancisFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6J>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 9:41 PM ------=-cc-:-= To: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6) 1 ; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E](b)(6)Cc:C onrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6J>M; cManus, Ayanna (NIH/OD) [E]CbH61>J; Wood, Gretchen (NIH/OD) [E] CbH6JT; abak,Lawrence (NIH/OD) [E] CbH6JB; arasch, Kimber ly (NIH/NIAID) [C](b) (6) >Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayPatty:Please see if we can incorporate this call into our regular ly scheduled 9:00 AM call thatactually includes some of the same cast of people.Thanks,TonyFrom: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 9:38 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] < CbH6J>M; ascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E](b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6J>M; cManus, Ayanna (NIH/OD) [E]---~--"':"""""""':""C.b~H=61>J;= W-o.o:.d.,. .G_..r_e-t_ ch;_en (NIH/OD) [E] CbH6J>T; abak, ~Lawrence (NIH/OD) [E] (b)( v>Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayIllCan we have a phone call about this tomorrow at 9:15 am? Anyone else to include (Emily?Cliff?)FrancisFrom: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 9:30 PMTo: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [El ______ --,C;-'Hb""=6J>; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El(b)(6)Cc: Conrad, Patric ia {NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------- (b)(6) Subject : RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayFrancis:Best,TonyFrom: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] ______ C_>b_C6)Sent : Sunday, Apri l 19, 2020 4:24 PM(b) (5)------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- CbH >; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Conrad, Pat ric ia {NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- CbH >Subject : FW: Pursuant to My Email on Friday<< File: Cov Vaccine Program HHS (draft) 19April20.pptx »Tony, Francis,(b)(5)Happy to discuss.John(b)(6)From: Kadlec, Robert (OS/ASPR/10) (b)(6) --------- Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 8:59 PMTo: Hassell, David (Chris) (OS/ASPR/10) (b)(6),>; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El =======--=:-;;--' CbH6J; Mascola, John INIH/VRC) [ElCbH6J>; Bright , Rick (OS/ASPR/BARDA) CbH6J ; Fauci,Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6)>; Disbrow, Gary (OS/ASPR/BARDA)(b)(6); Patrick, Vanessa (OS/ASPR/BARDA) (CTR) -=-=-=--=-=-=--=~(b~)(6 )1>; Moughalian, Jen (HHS/ASFR)- --------=:-C:bH-6=)>; Red fie Id, Robert R. (CDC/OD) CbH6J>; Messonnier, Nancy (CDC/DDID/NCIRD/OD)CbH6)>; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) IE] CbH6); Marks, Peter (FDA/CSER)--------- CbH6)>Y; eskey, Kevin (OS/ASPR/10) (b)(6) Cc: Harrison, Brian (HHS/10S) CbH6J>; Dareshori, Zack (HHS/10S)CbH6)>C; onrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b)(6) Stecker, Judy (OS/10S) CbH6)>; Shuy, Bryan (OS/ASPR/10)--------- CbH6J;W olinetz, Carrie (NIH/OD) [E] ---------- (b)(6) Subject: Pursuant to My Email on FridayI want to share with you the product of the BCG team who drafted the attached briefing andDecision Memo drafted for the Secretary's review tomorrow. I want to thank all those whocontributed over this holiday weekend to offer their ideas and concepts that is represented inthese products. This represents just a first step of many steps that first outlines a concept thatwill then be operationalized into a histor ic effort for not only the Department and agencies w howill contribute to it, but to our Nation. Again, thank you for your contributions andcommitment. Best Bob(b)(5)<< File: Vaccine strategy-200411-v 13.pptx >> << File: Secretary Determination MemorandumProjectWarp Speed-041120 1825 draft.doc>>From:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 20 Apr 2020 01:34:55 +0000Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E)Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayOK. Let us discuss tomorrow.From : Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] --------- (b)( > Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 6:11 PM -------:a= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) <".:::::======6-:--:=Cc: Conrad, Patricia {NIH/NIAID) [E]Subject: FW: Pursuant to My Email on FridayTony,One key point that may be easier to review with 5 min call, whenever you get the chance.JohnFrom: Mascola, John (NI H/VRC) [E]Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 5:13 PM -------::-:--:-= To: Collins, Francis {NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6) ,Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/N IAID)""[:~E' ]~=====---=- (b")'("=6"); Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayFrancis,(b) (5)(b) (5)If still not so clear, feel free to call.John(b)(6)From: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] -------- (b)(6)Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 5 :04 PM -------~ = To: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b)( > ":'"":.:::=======..,.._Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (bH6J>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b )( 6) >Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayHi John,Thanks for your thoughtful note. (b) (5)(b) (5)FrancisFrom: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] < -------- (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 4:24 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------------- ~(bH= > ; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b)(6)>Subject: FW: Pursuant to My Email on Friday<< File: Cov Vaccine Program HHS (draft) 19April20.pptx »Tony, Francis,(b) (5)Happy to discuss.John(b)(6)From: Kadlec, Robert (OS/ ASPR/IO) (b)(6) ---------- Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 8:59 PMTo: Hassell, David (Chris) (OS/ASPR/IO) CbH6)>C; ollins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El___ _;_ _ ___; _;_.:._.:.__.:._.:..:::::=====: C~>b:<;;~6>)";" "M'"a'..scola, John (N IHNRC) [ElCbH6b ; Bright , Rick (OS/ASPR/BARDA) CbH6; )Fauci,Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>; Disbrow, Gary (OS/ASPR/BARDA)CbH6J>P; atrick, Vanessa (OS/ASPR/BARDA) (CTR) =========~~ --------~~ ---------- (b)(6)1>; Moughalian, Jen (HHS/ASFR) CbH6)>; Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/ODJ CbH6>;>M; essonnie r, Nancy (CDC/DDID/NCIRD/OD)CbH6)>; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) IE] CbH6); Marks, Peter (FDA/CSER)---------- CbH6)Y; eskey, Kevin (OS/ASPR/IO) CbH6J> Cc: Harrison, Brian (HHS/IOS) CbH6)>; Dareshori, Zack (HHS/IOS)CbH6)>; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6J>;Stecker, Judy (05/105) CbH6)>S; huy, Bryan (OS/ASPR/IO)-------- CbH6)>;W olinetz, Carrie {NIH/OD) [E] ---------- (b)(6)Subject: Pursuant to My Email on FridayI want to share with you the product of the BCG team who drafted the attached briefing andDecision Memo drafted for the Secretary's review tomorrow . I want to thank all those whocontributed over this holiday weekend to offer their ideas and concepts that is represente d inthese products. This represents just a first step of many steps that first out lines a concept thatwill then be operationalized into a histor ic effort for not only the Department and agencies whowill contribute to it, but to our Nation. Again, thank you for your contributions andcommitment. Best Bob<< File: Vaccine strategy-200411-v 13.pptx >> << File: Secretary Determination MemorandumProjectWarp Speed-041120 1825 draft .doc»From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Wed, 22 Apr 2020 14:55:57 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C]FW: Coronavirus Quest ions for th e Office of the Surgeon GeneralPlease make sure th at I call thi s person t omorrow ------------- (b)(Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: (b)(6) MEDCOM (USA) ---------- (b)(6)Se nt: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 9:58 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: RE: Coronavirus Questions for th e Office of the Surgeon Gener alDr. Fauci,Thank you for responding to my request for information. Please be safe.(b)(6)(b) (6) My cell phone number is(b)(6)-. ----------------------r/(b)(6)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] _______ CbH_6)Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 12:49 PMTo: (b)(6) MEDC_O_M__(:U__S_A.): .=!=~~---- CbH_6)Cc: Lerner , Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------(b)(6) Subject: [Non-DoD Source] FW: Coronavirus Questions for the Office of the Surgeon GeneralAll active links contained in this email were disabled. Please verify the identity of the sender,and confirm the authenticity of all links contained within the message prior to copying andpasting the address to a Web browser.(b)(6)Thank you for your note . Shown below are my answers to your questions.hope that you find them helpful.1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?This is indeed an unprecedented and stressful time. Stress can often come from the unknown.In times of stress it is critical to take care of one's physical health, by eating well, getting enoughsleep, and exercising. In addition , maintaining connections with fami ly and friends (via phonecalls, email, or video chatting) while physically socially distancing is very important .2. Can COVID-19 be contracted from a corpse?Infect ion control measures should be undertaken when dealing with deceased individuals withknown or suspected COVID-19. The CDC provides guidance on this issue here:Caut ionhttps://www.cdc.gov /coronavirus /2019-ncov/hcp/guidancc-postmort emspecimens.html < Caution-https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov /hep/guidancepostmortem-speci mens.html>3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to contractingCOVID-19?Clinical trials are underway to determine if hydroxychloroquine is effective in preventing COVID-19 in exposed persons. Until we know the answer to this question , persons who takehydroxychloroqu ine on a daily basis for another medical condition should consider themselvesvulnerable to COVID-19 and take appropriate and recommended measures to protectthemselves.4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective, if so, why are so many medical professiona ls contractingthe virus?I believe that infection control strategies which include proper use of personal protectiveequipment (PPE) as recommended by the CDC are effective. _Caution-https: //www.cdc.gov /coronavirus/2019-ncov /hcp/ infection-controlrecommendations.html?CDC _AA _refVal =https%3A %2F%2FCautionwww.cdc.gov%2F coronavirus%2 F20 l 9-ncov%2f infect ion-control%2F contro lrccommcndations.html < Ca ution-https :/ /www.cdc.gov/coronavi rus/2019-ncov /hcp/i nf ectioncontrol-recommen dations. html?CDC_AA_reNal= https%3A %2 F%2 FCautionwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Finfection-control%2Fcontrolrecommendations.html >In cases where inadequate PPE is worn , or if is not put on/ taken off according to properprocedure, the risk of contract ing COVID is increased. In addition, healthcare workers on thefront lines can be exposed if they encounter a patient who is not initially suspected of havingCOVID-19 without PPE, especially if they are exposed to aerosol generating processes.5. What is the most important th ing we should be doing, other than social distanc ing?Social distancing is key in order to avoid coming into contact with someone with COVID-19, butwashing one's hands often (or using an alchohol-based hand sanitizer) and avoiding touchingone's face with unwashed hands are cr itical as well, especially when coming into contact withsurfaces that may have been touched by others or public places.6. Finally, what keeps you up at night, regard ing COVID-19?I have said in the past that what keeps me up at night is the possibility of a pandemic respiratoryinfection. We are in that reality now, and what keeps me up at night is the response, a majorpart of which is the development of an effective vaccine and treatments for COVID-19.Best rega rds ,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)( 6)FAX: 301 496-4409E (b)( 6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender' s own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives._Fro_m_:.!::::======~ (b=)(~6) MEDCOM (USA)_ __________ C_b>_< _ _(b) (6) > >Se nt: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 9:13 AM -------------------- ~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) > >Subject: Coronavir us Questions for the Off ice of the Surgeon GeneralDr. Fauci, ----, ~= I am (b)( , the antiterror ism and insider threat office r for the Office of the Surgeon General(Army)/ U.S. Army Medical Command. I have been in government for nearly thirty-four years, and thisis new to me. I see and hear the concerns of many people. You are the voice of reason for mi llions ofconcerned citizens . I have a few questions for you:1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?2. Can C0VID-19 be contracted from a corpse?3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to cont ractingC0VID-19?4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective, if so, why are so many medical professionals contractingthe virus?5. What is the most important th ing we should be doing, other than social distancing?Finally, what keeps you up at night, regarding C0VID-19?Thank you for your time and please be safe.r/------ Cb)( 6) Antiterror ism and Insider Threat Officer Office of the Surgeon General and U.S. Army Medica l CommandMission Assurance and Protection DivisionFort Sam Houston, TX 78234Cell phone: (b)(6)~NIPRNet:~SIPR Net:(b)((b)(6)-------------------------------- Leve I I Antiterror ism Awareness Training:Caution-http://jko .jten .mil/courses/at! 1 /launc h. html < Cautionhttp://jko.jten .mil/courses/atl 1 /launch. html >Organizational Mailbox:mailtoTo submit contracts for AT/OPSEC review:Caut ionCb) (6) < Caution(b) (6) >Cb)~ Caution-(b) (6).,..>_ _ _."Not on My Watch"CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: This electronic transmiss ion, including all attachments,is directed in confidence solely to the person(s) to whom it is addressed, oran authorized recip ient , and may not otherwise be distributed, copiedor disclosed . The contents of the transmission may also be subject tointellectua l property rights and all such rights are expressly claimedand are not waived. If you received this transmission in error,please notify the sender immediate ly by returning the electronictransmission and then immediately delete this transm ission,includ ing all attachments, without copying, distribut ing or disclosing same ."PRIVACY ACT INFORMATION "In compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, this informat ion is Personal Data and must beprotected from public disclosure.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Tue, 21 Apr 2020 17:48:36 +0000(b)(6)1Sent :To:Cc: Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: FW: Coronavirus Questions for the Office of the Surgeon General(b)(6)Thank you for your note. Shown below are my answers to your questions .hope that you find them helpful.1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?This is indeed an unprecedented and stressful time. Stress can often come from the unknown.In times of stress it is critical to take care of one's physical health, by eating well, getting enoughsleep, and exercising. In addition, maintaining connections with family and friends (via phonecalls, email, or video chatting) while physically socially distancing is very important.2. Can COVID-19 be contracted from a corpse?Infection control measures should be undertaken when dealing with deceased individuals withknown or suspected COVID-19. The CDC provides guidance on this issue here:https :/ /www.cdc.gov / corona virus/2 0 l 9-ncov /hep/guidance-postmortem-specimens.html3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to contractingCOVID-19?Clinical trials are underway to determine if hydroxychloroquine is effective in preventing COVID-19 in exposed persons. Until we know the answer to this question, persons who takehydroxychloroqu ine on a daily basis for another medical condition should consider themselvesvulnerable to COVID-19 and take appropriate and recommended measures to protectthemselves.4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective, if so, why are so many medical professiona ls contractingthe virus?I believe that infection control strategies which include proper use of personal protectiveequipment (PPE) as recommended by the CDC are effective._https://www.cdc.gov /coronavirus /2019-ncov /hcp/infection-controlrecornmendations.h1rn l?CDC AA reNal=https% 3A %2F%2Fwww .cdc .gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F20 l 9-ncov%2F infcction-control%2Fcontrol-recommcndations.h tmlIn cases where inadequate PPE is worn, or if is not put on/taken off according to properprocedure, the risk of contract ing COVID is increased. In addition, healthcare workers on thefront lines can be exposed if they encounter a patient who is not initially suspected of havingCOVID-19 without PPE, especially if they are exposed to aerosol generating processes.5. What is the most important thing we should be doing, other than social distancing?Social distancing is key in order to avoid coming into contact with someone with COVID-19, butwashing one's hands often (or using an alchohol-based hand sanitizer) and avoiding touchingone's face with unwashed hands are critical as well, especially when coming into contact withsurfaces that may have been touched by others or public places.6. Finally, what keeps you up at night; regarding COVID-·19?I have said in the past that what keeps me up at night is the possibility of a pandemic respiratoryinfection . We are in that reality now, and what keeps me up at night is the response, a majorpart of which is the development of an effective vaccine and treatments for COVID-19.Best regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveInformation. It should not be used bV anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : (b)(6) MEDCOM (USA)- ---------- (b)(6) Se nt: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 9:13 AM ------~ ~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: Coronavir us Questions for the Office of the Surgeon GeneralDr. Fauci, --- -=-=-:= I am (b)(6) the antiterror ism and insider threat officer for the Office of the Surgeon General(Army)/ U.S. Army Medical Command. I have been in government for nearly thirty-four years, and thisis new to me. I see and hear the concerns of many people . You are the voice of reason for millions ofconcerned citizens. I have a few quest ions for you:1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?2. Can COVID-19 be contracted from a corpse?3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to contracti ngCOVID-19?4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective , if so, why are so many medical professiona ls contractingthe virus?5. What is the most important th ing we should be doing, other than social distanc ing?Finally, what keeps you up at night, regarding COVID-19?Thank you for your time and please be safe.r/____(b)(6._).,. .A ntiterrorism and Insider Threat OfficerOffice of the Surgeon General and U.S. Army Medica l CommandMission Assurance and Protection DivisionFort Sam Houston, TX 78234Cell phone: (b)(6)zs 'N:-:'I-.P::-:R:::::N---::e--::t--: ;:=======--- .C."b>.' "C "6l(b)(s SIPRNet: ------------- Level I Antiterrorism Awareness Training:http ://jko. jten.mil/courses/atl1 /launch.htm lOrganizational Mailbox:(b)(6)To submit contracts for AT/OPSEC review:(b)(6)"Not on My Watch"CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: This electronic transmiss ion, includi ng all attachments,is directed in confidence solely to the person(s) to whom it is addressed, oran authorized recipient, and may not otherwise be distributed, copiedor disclosed. The contents of the transmission may also be subject tointellectua l property rights and all such rights are expressly claimedand are not waived. If you received this transmission in error,please notify the sender immediately by returning the electronictransmission and then immediately delete this transm ission,including all attachments, without copying, distributing or disclosing same ."PRIVACY ACT INFORMATION "In compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, this information is Personal Data and must beprotected from public disclosure.From:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSat, 18 Apr 2020 20:35 :32 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/N IAID) [ElConrad, Patricia (NIH/NIA ID) [E);Greg Folkers --------- (b)( 6) Subject: F W: Coronavirus Questions for th e Office of the Surgeon GeneralPlease fashion some responses to his quest ions for me to send back to himThanks .Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation . It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recip ient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : (b)(6)USARMY MEDCOM (USA)- ---------(b)(6)> Sent : Tuesday, April 14, 2020 9:13 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Subject: Coronavir us Questions for the Office of the Surgeon GeneralDr. Fau-ci,- - :::-c-r,= I am (b)(6) the antiterrorism and insider threat officer for the Office of the Surgeon General(Army)/ U.S. Army Medical Command. I have been in government for nearly thirty -four years, and th isis new to me. I see and hear the concerns of many people. You are the voice of reason for mi llions ofconcerned citizens. I have a few quest ions for you:1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?2. Can COVID-19 be contracted from a corpse?3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to cont racti ngCOVID-19?4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective , if so, why are so many medical professiona ls contractingthe virus?5. What is the most important th ing we should be doing, other than social distancing?Finally, what keeps you up at night, regard ing COVID-19?Thank you for your time and please be safe.r/------ CbH 6) , Antite rrorism and Insider Threat Officer Office of the Surgeon General and U.S. Army Medica l CommandMission Assurance and Protection DivisionFort Sam Houston , TX 78234Cell phone: (b)(6)z (b)(6)s 'N:-:I'7P::'R:-::N-::-e:--t:-:: =======~--- (-b~-,(,6_),IS::SI IPRNet: ------------ Leve I I Antite rrorism Awareness Training:http://jko.jten .mil/courses/at! 1 /launch .htmlOrganizational Mailbox:(b)( 6)To submit contracts for AT/OPSEC review: (b)(6)"Not on My Watch"CONFIDENT IALITY NOTE : This electronic transmiss ion, including all attachments,is directed in confidence solely to the person(s) to whom it is addressed, oran authorized recipient, and may not otherwise be dist ributed, copiedor disclosed . The contents of the transmiss ion may also be subject tointellect ual property rights and all such rights are expressly claimedand are not waived . If you received this transmission in error,please notify the sender immediately by returning the electron ictransm ission and then immediately delete this transmission,includ ing all attachments , without copying, distribut ing or disclosing same ."PRIVACY ACT INFORMATION"In compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, th is information is Personal Data and must beprotected from public disclosure .From:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [E]Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:51:12 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [E]Subje ct: FW: COVID-19 - Potential TreatmentPlease take a look and handle.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: Cb()6 )FAX: (301)496-4409E-mail: (b)(The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may containsensitive information. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intendedrecipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete itfrom your mailbox or any other storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy andInfectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for any statements made that are thesender's own and not expressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Benoit Ponton <bponton@cpa -qc.ca>Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 8:57 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Cont act Cb()6 )Subject: COVID-19 - Poten tia l TreatmentCOVID-19 - Potentia l TreatmentApril 17, 2020Nation al Institu te of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,Nationa l Inst itu tes of Health31 Center Drive MSC 2520Building 31, Room 7A03Bethesda, MD 20892-2520C/0 Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.Hello Dr. Fauci,In the current state of medical knowledge and research in the pharmaceutical industry, there isno short- or medium-term solution to prevent disease or cure patients with SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19).With this letter, I would like to make you aware of the preventive and curative potential ofessential oils (EOs); lives could be saved.Scient ific aromather apy: use of aromatic compounds extracted from plants - essential oils - formedical purposes; 'hard' science of nature, based among other things, on in-depth knowledge oforganic chemistry. We are not talking about perfumery or occult sciences.According to Mr . Dominique BAUDOUX, an internationally known Belgian pharmacist and"a romatologist": there is a multitude of research on the antiviral properties of essential oils.The results are impressive and indisputable . Here are some viruses for which we have realdata:■ Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus SARS-Cov (it is a coronavirus)■ The H1Nl flu virus■ Avian influenza virus type H5Nl and subtypes H7N3 and H9N2■ The anti-infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)■ Herpes simplex virus HSV■ Dengue virus DEN■ Newcastle disease virus NOV■ Jun in virus (an arena virus responsible for hemorrhagic fever)Source: https://www.pranarom.com/blog/guide-des-huiles-essentielles/les-huiles-essentiellesefficaces-contre-lecoronavirus-vrai-ou-faux : See references 1 to 28 below .To add meat to the bone, if you visit the Nation al Cent er for Biotechnology Information (U.S.) :■ You will find nearly 225 000 references on "essential oil."See: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/all/?term=essential%20oil■ You will find approximately 22 000 references on "essential oil+ viral."See: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/all/?term=essential%20oil%20+%20viralIn addition, according to a brief email exchange with Mr. Pierre FRANCHOMME, a Frenchresearcher, one of the leading experts in the field of medicinal essential oils, he informed methat : a recent Indian study (March 31) highlights the potential activity of 1,8 cineo/e(euca/yptol) on SARS-Cov-2, as I suspected from my experience on other enveloped viruses.Note: the molecule 1,8 cineole is found in high concentration in eucalyptus EOs.■ Sharma, A.D.; Kaur, I. Eucalyptol {1,8 cineole ) from Eucalyptus Essential Oil a PotentialInhibitor of COVID 19 Corona Virus Infection by Mol ecular Docking Studies .Preprints 2020, 2020030455 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202003.0455.vl).Source : https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202003.0455/vlAnother study (2008) provided by Mr. Franchomme, shows a high antiviral activity of baylaurel/leaf essential oil (Lourus nobilis) on SARS-Cov, which appeared in November 2002 inGuangdong province, China and which prevailed until 2004.• Loizzo, M. R., Saab, A. M., Tundis, R., Statti , G. A., Menichini , F., Lampront i, I., ... Doerr ,H. W. (2008) . Phytochemical Analysis and in vitro Antiviral Activities of the EssentialOils of Seven Lebanon Species. Chemistry & Biodivers ity, 5(3), 461-470 . doi:10.1002/cbdv.20089 0045Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cbdv.200890045Since SARS-Cov and SARS-Cov-2 {COVID-19) are close relatives, it is quite possible that Laurusnobilis essential oil will be as effective on SARS-Cov-2.Here are two other studies that should be of interest to researc hers, according to Mr.FRANCHOMME:• See reference 20 below Efficacy of cineole in patients suffering from acute bronchitis: aplacebo-controlled double-blind trial. Cough 9, 25 (2013) .Source: https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-9-25Conclusions of this study : The effects of Cineole in the treatment of acute bronchitis wereclearly measurable and could be proven after a treatment period of merely 4 days. This studycorroborates the fact that cineole actively and significantly reduces cough frequency after fourdays. Therefore it has been shown to have a great socioeconomic impact.• See also refere nce 22 below.Also, according to Mr. FRANCHOMME, a clinical study on the treatment of essential oils inpatients with COVID-19 has just been undertaken in a hospital setting (100 patients), doubleblind against placebo . I w ill know the results at the same time as everyo ne else and will informyou.Here is a summary of Mr. FRANCHOMME's analysis:The scientific commun ity is launc necl in searcno f a miradeclru g in t he basket of molecu esalready known for ot her indicat io ns. Our design is to t rust the plant world, a great provider ofremarkable molecules.CONCLUSIONWe need to think outside the box of allopath ic medicine and synthetic drugs that offer nosolution and put pre ssure on our leaders to release funds for clinical research on the treatmentof patients suffe ring from COVID-19 using essential oils, as advocated by Mr . Franchomme .(b) (4)To this end, M. FRANCHOMME confirmed to me this : / am at the disposal of your authoritiesto provide and explain a protocol based on essential oils.His email address is : (b)(6)In terms of a double-blind placebo clinical study, there is, as of today, a huge cohort ofhospitalized patients, a significant portion of whom I suspect would be enthusiast ic aboutvoluntary enrolment.For patients in critical care with a life-threatening prognosis, it is undoubtedly possible, giventhe circumstances , to bypass the usual research protocols and offer a last-resort treatment tothese patients in an attempt to save their lives, with thei r permission or that of their legalrepresentatives in case of temporary or permanent incapacity .Even if it doesn't work, I don't think patients or their loved ones will blame your governmentfor trying everything , but if you don't, I wouldn't like to be in your shoes!Cordially,Benoit PontonBP/bpCC: M. Pierre FRANCHOMME2150, rue Marianne-BabyChambly, QC, Canada J3L OA3Off ice (450) 447-4872Cell phone (b) (6)Email bponton@cpa-qc.caSCIENTIFICP UBLICATIONSSource : https ://www . pra na rom.com/blog/guide-des-h u iles-essentielles/ les-hui les-essentiellesefficaces-contre-1 ecoronavi rus-vrai-ou-fa ux1. Garozzo, A., Timpanaro, R., Bisignano, B., Furneri, P. M., Bisignano, G., & Castro, A.(2009). In vitro antiviral activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil. Letters inapplied microbiology, 49(6), 806-808.https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.027 40.x2. Reichling, J., Schnitzler, P., Suschke, U., & Saller, R. (2009). Essential oils of aromaticplants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties-an overview .Complementary Medicine Research, 16(2), 79-90.https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/2071963. Schnit zler, P., Schon, K. and Reichling, J. (2001) Antiviral activity of Australian tea treeoil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture . Pharmazie 56, 343-347. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/113386784. Mohammad, A., & Mehmood, D.ln Vivo Anti-Viral Effect of Melaleuca alternifolia (TeaTree Oil) and Olea europ aea (Olive Leaf Extract) on Vero Cell Adapted Avian InfluenzaVirus. Human Journals . Research Article December 2018 Vol.:14, lssue:1 Citation :Mohammad Danish Mehmoo d et al. ljppr.Human , 2018; Vol. 14 (1): 7-19.https://www.researchgate .net/publication/331149520 In Vivo Anti-Viral Effect of Melaleuca alternifolia Tea Tree Oil and Olea europaea Olive LeafExtract on Vero Cell Adapted Avian Influenza Virus5. Usachev, E. V., Pyankov, 0. V., Usacheva, 0. V., & Agranovski, I. E. (2013).Antiviral activity of tea tr ee and eucalyptus oil aerosol and vapour . Journal of aerosolscience, 59, 22-30.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00218502130000866. Ankita, S., Chandra, S.S., & Arti, T. (2013). Phytochemical study and antimicrob ialactivities of cinnamomum camphora . World Journal of Pharmaceutic al researchVolume 3, Issue 2, 2287-2294.https://www.google .com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwildfj5OHoAhUEZN8KHZDjBdMQFjABegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwjpr .net%2Fdownload%2Farticle%2F1400323946 .pdf&usg=AOvVaw0WLdK22ogsjVQCt6bgmXeb7. Astani, A., & Schnit zler, P. (2014). Antiviral activity of monot erpenes beta-pinene andlimonene against herpes simplex virus in vitro. Iranian journal of microbio logy, 6(3),149.https://www.ncbi.nlm .nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393490/8. Astani, A., Reichling, J., & Schnitzler, P. (2010). Comparative study on the antiviralactivity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Phytotherapy Research:An Internationa l Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxico logical Evaluation ofNatural Product Derivatives, 24(5), 673-679.https://onlinelibrary.wiley .com/doi/abs/10 .1002/ptr.29559. Bisignano, B. (2009). Attivit a antivirale e studio del meccanismo d'azione di estratti dimelaleuca alternifolia nei vonfronti del virus dell'influenza A. Area 06 - Scienzemediche.http://hdl. hand le .net/10761/176710. Blanchard, J. M. (2007). Cinnamomum camphora a cineole (ravintsara), une plante auservice de la prevention des infections nosocomiales en milieu hospitalier ?.Phytotherap ie, 5(1), 15-20.11. Carson, C.F., Ashton, L., Dry, L., Smith, D.W. and Riley, T.V. (2001) Melal euca alternifolia(tea tree) oil gel (6%} for the treatment of recurrent herpes labial is. J Ant imicrobChemother 48, 450- 451. https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/48/3/450/73609112. Carson, C.F., Smith, D.W., Lampacher, G.J. and Riley, T.V. (2008) Use of deception toachieve double-blinding in a clinical trial of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil for thetreatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Contemp Clin Trials 29, 9-12.https ://www .contem pora rycli nica Itri als. com/ a rt icle/S1551- 7144( 07 )00053-5/ful I text13. Galan, D. M., Ezeudu, N. E., ... , & Ma lcolm, B. J. (2020) . Eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole) : anunderutilized ally in respiratory disorders?. Journa l of Essential Oil Research, 1-8.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2020.1716867?journa1Code=tjeo2014. Garozzo, A., Timpanaro, R., Stivala, A., Bisignano, G., & Castro, A. (2011).Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil on Influenza virus A/PR/8: study on themechanism of action . Antiviral research, 89(1), 83-88.https:ljwww.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/50166354210008120?via%3Dihub15. Hamidpour, R., Hamidpour, S., Hamidpour, M., & Shahlari, M. (2014) .Chemistry, Pharmacology and Medicinal Property of Camphor (CinnamomumCamphora) Traditional Remedy with the History of Treating Several Diseases. GlobalJournal of Medical Research.https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xrGgDigAAAAJ&hl=en16. Jean Michel Blanchard (2007 ). Cinnamomum camphora CT cineole (ravintsara), a plantto help prevent nosocomial infections in the hospital environment. Inte rnationalJourna l of Clinical Aromatherapy Vol. 4 issue 117. Li, X., Duan, S., Chu, C., Xu, J., Zeng, G., Lam, A. K. Y., ... & Gu, H. (2013). Melaleucaalternifolia concentrate inhibits in vitro entry of influenza virus into host cells.Mo lecules, 18(8), 9550-9566. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/8/955018. Li, Y., Xu, Y. L., ... & Xu, P. P. (2017). Intranasal co-administration of 1, 8-cineole withinfluenza vaccine provide cross-protection against influenza virus infection .Phytomedicine, 34, 127-135.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/50944 711317301034 ?via%3Dihub19. Loizzo, M. R., Saab, A. M., Tundis, R., Statti, G. A., Menichini, F., Lampront i, I., ... & Doerr,H. W. (2008) . Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essentialoils of seven Lebanon species. Chemistry & biodiversity, 5(3), 461-470.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cbdv.20089004520. Mansard, M., Laurain-Mattar, D., & Couic-Marin ier, F. (2019). Huile essentielle deRavintsara. Actualites Pharma ceutiques, 58(585), 57-59.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0515370019300734?via%3Dihub21. Morales - Rico, C. L., ... & Gonzalez -Camejo, I. (2012).Composicion qu1mica del aceiteesencial de las partes aereas de Melaleuca quinquenervia. Revista CENIC. CienciasQufmicas , 43, 1-2.https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwig4qLa7uHoAhWhnuAKHSDZAasQFjABegQIAhAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistas.usach.cl%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fblacpma%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F2401%2F2210%2F& usg=AOvVa w3k2 U razeofgeg ftc 7wd K22. Janine Muller, Johannes F.W. Greiner, Marie Zeuner, Viktor ia Brotzmann, JohannaSchafermann, Frederique Wieters, Darius Widera, Holger Sudhoff, Barbara Kaltschmidt,Christian Kaltschmidt; Clin Sci (Lond) 1 August 2016; 130 (15): 1339- 1352. 1, 8-Cineolepotenti ates IRF3-mediated antiviral response in human stem cells and in an ex vivomodel of rhinosinusitis. Clinical Science (Lond) 1 August 2016; 130 (15): 1339-135 2.https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20160218 et https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/articleabstract/130/15/1339/71448/1-8-Cineole-potentiates-lRF3-mediatedantiviral?redirectedFrom=fulltext23. Riley, T. V. (2005). Antivir al Activity of Tea Tree Oil-In Vitro and In Vivo . TV Riley-2005- academia.edu https:ljwww .agrifutures.eom.au/product/antiviral -activity-of -tea-treeoil-in-vitro-and-in-vivo/24. Siddique, S., et al. (2018). Chemical characterization , antioxidant and antimicrobialactiviti es of essential oil from Melaleuca quinquenervia leaves. Indian Journa l ofExperimental Biology, 56, 686-693 .https:ljwww.researchgate.net/publ ication/327829462 Chemical characterization antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Melaleuca guinguenervialeaves25. Timpanaro, R., Garozzo, A., Bisignano, B., Stivala, A., Furneri, P. M., Tempera, G., &Cast ro, A. (2007). Inhibitory effect of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) on influenzaA/PR/8 virus replication . Internatio nal Journal of Ant imicrobial Agents, (29), S202-S203.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166354210008120?via%3Dihub26. Worth, H., .. & Dethlefsen, U. (2009). Concomitant therapy with Cineole (Eucalyptole)reduces exacerbations in COPD: a placebo-controlled doubleblind trial. Respiratoryresearch, 10(1), 69. https://respiratoryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-10-6927. Yang, Z., Wu, N., .. & Efferth, T. (2010). Anti-infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) activity of1, 8-cineole: Effect on nucleocapsid (N) protein . Journal of Biomolecu lar Structu re andDynamics, 28(3), 323-330.https://www.tandfonline .com/doi/abs/10.1080/07391102.2010 .1050736228. Zamora, A. C. P. (2015). The Antiviral Properties of Mela leuca alternifolia concentrate(MAC) against West Nile virus (Doctoral dissertation, Griffith University).https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fc36/83837c5d872444e51c452bdd3f6a644fa079.pdfOTHER SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONSSource : https://www.aude-maillard.fr/4-huiles-essentielles-contre -le-coronavirus/29. Brun, P., Bernabe, G., Filippini, R. et al. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of CommerciallyAvailable Tea Tree (Melaleuca a/ternifolia) Essential Oils. Curr Microbial 76, 108-116(2019). https ://doi.org/10.1007 /s00284-018-1594-x30. Shih-Yu Lee, Po-Yu Chen, Jung-Chun Lin, Nicholas S. Kirkby, Ching-Huei Ou and TsuChungChang Melaleuca alternifolia Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in MurineRAW264 .7 Cells through Activation of the Nrf2-ARE Pathway . The American Journal ofChinese Med icineVol. 45, No. 08, pp. 1631-1648 {2017)https://doi .org/10.1142/S0192415Xl 750087231. Akram Astani, Jurgen Reichling and Paul Schnitzler. Screening for antiviral activities ofisolated compounds from essential oils. Hindawi. Evidence-Based Complementary andAlternative Medicine/ 2011 https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep18732. Schnitzler P. Essential Oils for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection s.Chemotherapy 2019;64 :l-7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501062CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: The information contained in this transm ission {including any files attached to it) is legallyprivilegedand confidential and is intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. Any other use,dissemination,distribution, disclosure or copying of this message is strictly prohibited. If you have received this commun ication inerror, pleaseimmediately notify the sender so that we may ensure the intended recipient receives a copy of the origina ltransm ission. We thenask that you kindly destroy your copy and delete the ent ire message from your computer system.AVIS DE CONFIDENTIALITE: L'information contenue dans cette transm ission {et tout document ci-jo int) estconfidentie I le etprivilegiee et est a !'usage exclusif de la personne ou de l'entite a qui elle est adressee. Tout autre usage, distribut ion,divulgat ion,ou copie de cette communication est strictement prohibe. Si vous avez re~u cette transmission par erreur, veuilleznous en aviserimmediatement pour que nous puissions envoyer le message au destinataire. Aussi, nous vous demandons dedetruire toutes lescopies et le supprimer de votre systeme informatique.From:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks, Carlos.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:46:44 +0000Del Rio, CarlosRE: released.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"44 09E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Del Rio, Carlos (b)(6)>Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 11:16 AM To: 'Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC' ----------------------.(b,)(. ..; .F.a,u.c.i, =An thony (NIH/NIA ID) [E] (b )( 6)Cc: Rochelle Walensky MD, MPH ------------(b)(6)> Subject: released.Here is link to the paper ent itled "From Mit igation to Containment of the COVID-19 Pandemic- Puttingthe SARS-CoV-2 Genie Back in the Bott le" that Rochelle and I wrote for JAMA. Hope you fi nd it useful.Feel free to distribute . Thanks again for all you are doing!https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fulla rticle/2764956Sincerely,CarlosThis e-mail message (including any attachments ) is 'or the sole use ofthe intended rectpient(s) and may contain confidential and privilegedInformation. If the reader of this message 1s not the intendedrecipient, you are hereby notified !hat any dissemination distributionor copying of this message (including any attachments) is strictlyprohibited.If you have received this message in error, please contactthe sender by reply e-mail message and destroy all copies of theoriginal message (including attachments).From:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks, Rochelle!Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:40:55 +0000Walensky, Rochelle,M .D.,M .P.H.RE: released.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)( 6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformat ion. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : Walens ky, Rochelle,M.D.,M.P.H. (b)(6)>Se nt : Friday, April 17, 2020 11:54 AMTo: Carlos del Rio (b)(6)> ; 'Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC' ----------- (b)(6) ; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) CbH61>Subject: RE: released.Dear Ors. Birx and Fauci (Debbie and Tony, if I may),So grateful for all you are doing. Please let us know if there is any way we can help.My best from Boston,RochelleRochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPHChief, Division of Infectious DiseasesSteve and Deborah Gorlin MGH Research ScholarMassachusetts General HospitalDivision of Infect ious DiseaseProfessor, Harvard Medical School55 Fruit Street, GRJ 504J floorBoston, MA 02114-2696Phone: (b)(6)Fax: 617-726-7416Email: (b)(6) ----------- Pronouns: she/her/hersFrom: Del Rio, Carlos _________ C_b)_(6..). )Sent : Friday, April 17, 2020 11:16 AM ----------~= To: 'Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC'- ----------- (b)( >; 'Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)' (b) (6)>Cc:W alensky,R ochelle,M.D.,M.P.H._ _________ C_)b_C_ >Subject: released.External Email - Use CautionHere is link to the paper entitled "From Mitigation to Containment of the COVID-19 Pandemic- Puttingthe SARS-CoV-2 Genie Back in the Bottle" that Rochelle and I wrote for JAMA. Hope you find it useful.Feel free to distribute. Thanks again for all you are doing!https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2764956Sincerely,CarlosThis e-mail message (including any anachmems) is 'or the sole use ofthe intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privilegedinfonnation. If the reader of this message is not the intendedrecipient, you are hereby notified that any disseminat ion distributionor copying of this message (including any attachmerts) is strictlyprohibited.If you have received this message in error, please contactthe sender by reply e-mail message and destroy all copies of theoriginal message (including attachments)The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it isaddressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mailcontains patient information , please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine athttp://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in errorbut does not contain patient infonnation, please contact the sender and properlydispose of the e-mail.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sent: Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:34:53 +0000To: Jeffrey V. RavetchCc: Lusso, Paolo (NIH/NIAID) [E];Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) -----~~ [El (b)( 6) ;Cassetti, Cristina (NIH/NIAID) [El;Erbelding, Emi ly (NIH/N IAID) [ElSubject: FW: new manuscriptAttachments: Bournazos, et al.docx, Extended Figures .pdfJeff:Very interesting paper. Could have wide applicability in viral disease. I will passit on to our program people.Best,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The Nat ional Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Jeffrey V. Ravetch ----------- (b)(6)> Sent : Friday, Apri l 17, 2020 1:26 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6) --------- Subject: new manuscriptTony,I've attached a pre-pr int of the story I briefly told you about related to Fe optim ization of anti-v iralant ibod ies to induce CD8 protective responses.I'd be grate ful fo r your comments.And my sincere grat it ude for keeping science at the front of th is pandemic.Best regards,
From: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent: Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:30:56 +0000To: Lerner, Andrea {NIH/NIAID) [E]C[Ec_ :_ ____ (:b::)-,.:(.,6=.) Conrad, Patricia {NIH/NIAID) [E];Cassetti, Cristina {NIH/NIAID)Subject:Attachments:Andrea :FW: Concept Paper for NEJM on Novel Clinical Trial in COVID-19Composite EPO COVID-19.pdfPlease read this, get back to her apologizingCbc>s> IThis is a former post-doc in my lab.that I could not respond ----------------------- 0 b vi o us I y can have no part in it.Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MODirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892-2520Phone: Cb) (6)FAX: {301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender 's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAIO by one of its representatives.From: Ehrenreich, Hannelore (b)( >Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 1:46 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Concept Paper for NEJM on Novel Clin ical Trial in COVID-19Dear Tony,I am aware of the heavy load that is on your shoulders these days but I sincerely hope toget a brief answer to my E-mail.In light of the present therapeutic situation in COVID-19, any measure to improve courseand outcome of seriously affected individuals is of utmost importance. In the attached(b) (6), (b) (4)(b) (6), (b) (4)We all would be extremely grateful for your feedback and for your collaboration!In fact, I personally would be so proud to have you as senior coauthor as in formertimes! Please let me know what you think.We could also discuss over the phone if you let me know which time would beconvenient.All my best, Hannelore-----Ursprungliche Nachricht----Von: Ehrenreich, HanneloreGesendet: Samstag, 21. Marz 2020 13:24 ------~= An: 'Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]' (b)(6)>Betreff: THANK YOU from GermanyDear Tony, J I II ~n?w you are extremely busy these days ... now even more than befo Jil dOe to this ter:ribi~ ~ronacns1s! II" [JJust a brief note to let you know that I watched your excellent interviews and that I am extremely proudof you! For people here in our Max Planck Institute and the many biomedical institutions in Gottingenyou are the greatest hero indeed in a tough time ...I wish you all strength and endurance needed to lead the world out of this crisis (despite questionablepoliticians)!STAY HEALTHY!All my best, HanneloreProfessor Hannelore Ehrenreich, MD, DVMClinical NeuroscienceMax Planck Inst itute of Experimental MedicineHermann-Rein-Str.337075 Gott ingenGERMANYTel : (b)(Fax: 49-551-3899 670E-Mai l: --------- (b)(6) Prof. hon . Univer sity of Gott ingenFaculty of Biology & PsychologyFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:21 :39 +0000Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID ) [E)Cc:(NIH/N IAID) [ElSubject:Billet, Courtney (NIH/ NIAID) [El;Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El;Conrad , PatriciaRE: FOR ASF REVIEW: Draft MA re: NIAID COVID 19 Strategic Research PlanLooks fin e. Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: _ __,. ,_, (b)(6)The information inlh ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From : Stover, Kathy (NIH/N IAID) [El (b)( 6)r>Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 2:42 PM ------ ::;..,..-,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Cc: Billet, Courtney {NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>; Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El_______ CbH_ >; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6)>Subject: FOR ASF REVIEW: Draft MA re: NIAID COVID 19 Strateg ic Research PlanHi Dr. Fauci,Please find attached for your review a draft media availability about NIAi D's COVID-19 strateg ic researchplan. We've named you as t he spokesperson in the media avail.Best,KathyKathy StoverBranch ChiefNews and Science Writing BranchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)Office of Communications and Government RelationsNational Institutes of Health/HHS31 Center Drive, Room 7A17EBethesda, MD 20892Phone: (b)(6)E-mail: (b)(6)NIAID Media Line: (301) 402-1663From : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sent : Sat, 18 Apr 2020 18:30:03 +0000To: Hahn, Stephe n;Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC;Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD);Kadlec,Robert (OS/ASPR/10)- ------ (bH · Subject : FW: Boston Globe: Nearly a t hird of 200 blood samples taken in Chelsea showexposure to coronavirusSt eve:TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)( 6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail : (b) (6)(b)(5)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Inst itute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : Folkers, Greg (NIH/N IAID) [E] (b)(6)Sent : Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 1:54 PMSubject : Boston Glob e: Nearly a th ird of 200 blood samples taken in Chelsea show exposu re tocoronavirusNearly a third of 200 blood samples taken inChelsea show exposure to coronavirusMass. General researcher says the results point to a 'ragingepidemic,' but may also indicate the city is further along thedisease curve than some other municipalitiesByJonathan Saltzman Globe Staff,Updated Apr il 17, 2020, 6:26 p.m.First responders loaded a patient into anambulance from a nursing home whe re multiple people have contracted COID-19 in Chelsea, which hasthe highest concentration of COVID-19 infections in the state.Scott Eisen/GettyNearly one third of 200 Chelsea residents who gave a drop of blood to researchers on the street thisweek tested positive for antibodies linked to COVID-19, a startling indication of how widespreadinfections have been in the densely populated city.Sixty-four residents who had a finger pricked in Bellingham Square on Tuesday and Wednesday hadantibod ies that the immune system makes to fight off the coronavirus, according to MassachusettsGeneral Hospital physicians who ran the pilot study .The 200 participants generally appeared healthy, but about half told the doctors they had had at leastone symptom of COVID-19 in t he past four weeks.Public health experts already knew Chelsea hadthe state's highest rate of con fir med COVID-19 casesand that the actual rate was probably higher . At least 39 residents have died from the virus, and 712 hadtested positive as of Tuesday, a rate of about 1,900 cases per 100,000 residents, or almost 2 percent .Get Talking Points in your inboxAn afternoon recap of the day's most important business news,delivered Monday through Friday.But the Mass. General researchers - who excluded anyone who had tested positive for the virus in thestandard nasal swab test - found that 32 percent of participants have had COVID-19, and many didn'tknow it ."I think it's both good news and bad news," said Dr. John Iafrate, vice chairman of MGH's pathologydepartment and the study's principal investigator. 11The bad news is that there's a raging epidem ic inChelsea, and many people walking on the street don't know that they're carrying the virus and that theymay be exposing uninfected individuals in their families .""On the good-news side, it suggests that Chelsea has made its way through a good part of theepidemic," he said. "They're probably further along than other towns."Scientists suspect that people who recover from COVID-19 may be at least temporarily immune fromcatching it again. Several biotechs and academic laboratories, in fact, are seeking blood donations frompeople who have recovered, in the hopes that their antibodies can help create a treatment or vaccine.Chelsea's city manager, Thomas Ambrosino, said he learned the results of the pilot study Thursday in aconference call with the researchers. He was dismayed, but not shocked.Related: Chelsea city manager sounds urgent alarm, calls for residents to stay home 24 hours a day"We've long thought that the reported numbers are vastly under-counting what the actual infection is,"said Ambrosino, who has called his city the epicenter of the crisis in Massachusetts. "Those reportednumbers are based on positive COVID-19 tests, and we're all aware that a very, very small percentage ofpeople in Chelsea and everywhere are getting COVID-19 tests.""Still," he added, "it's kind of sobering that 30 percent of a random group of 200 people that areshowing no symptoms are, in fact, infected. It's all the more reason for everyone to be practicingphysical distancing."Indeed, one of the doctors who tested volunteers in Bellingham Square said it's possible that some ofthe people who had the antibodies are still contagious."Just because you have the antibodies doesn't mean you've cleared the virus," said Dr. Vivek Naranbhai,a clinical fellow in hematology and oncology.Researchers said the test results, which had yet to be shared with state officials late Friday, couldn'tnecessarily be extrapolated for the city's roughly 40,000 residents. Still, the findings provided a valuablesnapshot of a community that medical experts say is especially vulnerable to COVID-19.Chelsea covers only about two square miles, across the Mystic River from Boston. For generations, it hasattracted new immigrants, and about 65 percent of its residents are Latino. Many live in three-deckerhouses, Ambrosino said, where it's hard for people to isolate themselves. Many work in the hospitalityindustry and health-related fields, where exposure to the virus is greater. And a lot of them must go towork during the pandemic.To get Chelsea residents to participate in the study - which included a questionnaire that was availablein English, Spanish, and Portuguese - investigators allowed them to remain anonymous. But that meantnone of the participants received the results of the blood tests.The doctors used a diagnostic device made by BioMedomics, of Morrisville, N.C., to analyze drops ofblood. It resembled an over-the-counter pregnancy test and generated results on the street in about 10minutes. Although the test hasn't won the approval of the Food and Drug Administration, Iafrate, theprincipal investigator, said Mass. General determined it's reliable.Within days, the physicians said, they hope to set up a medical tent outside the Mass. General ChelseaHealthcare Center to perform more antibodies tests with the device. The site will be located near a tentset up weeks ago to run standard PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, tests for people with activecoronavirus symptoms. The latter uses nasal swabs to detect whether the virus is present at the time;the antibodies blood test reveals whether someone was infected in the past.In addition to the new testing site, the researchers want to expand the study to other Massachusettscities and towns. For all of those studies, Mass. General doctors plan to obtain the identities ofparticipants so physicians can provide the results. But first the researchers need to come up withguidelines for what participants should do if they test positive for antibodies.Dr. Dean Xerras, medical director of the Mass. General Chelsea Healthcare Center and a co-investigatorin the study, said it illustrates why it's essential for Chelsea and other communities to perform moretests, regardless of whether they detect antibodies or the virus itself."Knowing how many people are infected is critical," said Xerras, a longtime member of the city's boardof health. "We need to get them isolated. We need to get masks delivered to the city. We need tolaunch more safe isolation sites. We need to be able to identify cases and then give people the thingsthey need to prevent perpetuation of the spread."Chelsea and Revere officials, with help from the state Department of Public Health and theMassachusetts Emergency Management Agency, secured almost 150 rooms at a Quality Inn in Reverethis week for residents who are recovering from COVID-19 and unable to isolate themselves at home,according to Ambrosino. So far, only a handful of those rooms are occupied.Governor Charlie Baker on Thursday staunch ly defended the state 's handling of the escalatingoutbreak in Chelsea, including asserting, without offering details, that city leaders have turned downhelp from his administration.The governor's claim surprised officials in Chelsea who told the Globe this week that the state, and evenhealth care providers, should have recognized the virus's rapid spread through the city sooner.Jonathan Saltzman can be reached at jonathan .saltzman@globe.comDisclaimer: Any third-party material in this email has been shared for internal use under fair use provisionsof U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy/veracity. It does not necessarily representmy views nor those ofNTAID, NIH, HHS, or the U.S. government.From: (b)(6)Sent :To:Subject:Sat, 18 Apr 2020 12:28:50 -0400Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fwd: working draft of NEJMAttachments : COVID vaccine editorial _16April 7pm.docx, ATT00001.htmSent from my iPhoneBegin forwarded message:From: "Corey MD, Lany" (b)( ·>Date: April 18, 2020 at 12:34:13 AM EDT ---------=-:-:-= To: "Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6) >, "Fauci,Anthony (NIH/NIA ID) [E]"___ (bH .___~~Cc: "Mascola, John (NIHNRC) [E]" _______ (b_H_6)Subject: working draft of NEJMHere is the working draft . My manuscript typist too tired to work tonight so itreflects several changes I made tonight ; it should be readable;LarryFrom: (b)(6)Sent :To:Subject:Sat, 18 Apr 2020 12:27:56 -0400Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fwd: JAMA- HeroesAttachments : heroes. pdf, A TT00001.htmSent from my iPhoneBegin forwarded message:From: Howard Bauchner <Howard .Bauchner @jamanetwork.org >Date: April 18, 2020 at 5:10: 15 AM EDT- -------=-==-- To: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [E]" (b)(6)Cc: Phil Fontanarosa <Phil.Fontanarosa @jamanetwork.org >Subject: JAMA - HeroesThere are many many heroes in this tragedy - but none more so than you, Maurizio, andDr. Wenilang.Howard Bauchner, MDEditor in Chief of JAMA and the JAMA NetworkPlease respect the confidentiality of this emailListen to my chats wi th authorsFrom: Howard Bauchner <Howard.Bauchner@jamanetwork.org>Date: Saturday, April 18, 2020 at 4:07 AMTo: CECCONI HUNIMED (b)(6)Subject: Re: HelloI am well - (b)(6) - but you know all about that - remain in Chicago - at work--"""".""~-=--....:..------------__;;~---, (=b-)<=(6)- he will quarantine forthe 2 weeks he is up there.Yes- NY, London, Paris - all diff icult times- great vector- the subway, underground, andmetro - unmasked folks who were asymptomatic carriers -terrible.Most of t he US managing although still a heavy heavy lift in some places - NY, Boston,some in Chicago - but most of the US managing. The big issue like everywhere is how dowe put society back toget her.Will be published on Monday- our tr ibute to many people and 3 individua ls.HCBHoward Bauchner, MDEditor in Chief of JAMA and the JAMA Networ kPlease respect the confide ntial ity of this emai lListen to my chats with authorsFrom: CECCONI HUNIMED (b)(6)> ------------- Date: Friday, April 17, 2020 at 2:07 PMTo: Howard Bauchn er <Howa rd .Bauchn er@jaman etwork.org>Subject : Hello[Warning External Email]Hello Howard,I hope you are well. Just a line to say that the podcasts are incredible.I hope you are ok. I am very sorry for the colleagues in New York. I know it's very tought here and also in other parts of US.Things are getting better here.Keep up the amazing work.Kind regards,MaurizioMaurizio Cecconi MD FRCA FFICM MD(Res)Head of Department Anaesthe sia and Inte nsive Care UnitsHumanitas Research HospitalProfessor of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareHumanitas UniversityPresident Elect ESICMNota ai riservatezza 11 pre5ente messaggio, corredato deI relativi allegati, contIene lnforma.:ionl da considerarsIstrettamentc riservate, ed e destinato esclusIvamente al destmatarlo sopra ind1cato, ii quale e l'unico autoriz.zatoad usarlo, cop1arlo e, sotto la propna responsabillta, d1ffonderlo. Ch1unque ricevesse questo messaggI0 per errore ocomunque lo leggesse senza esserne ieg1tt1mato e avvertIto che trattenerlo, copIarI0. divuigarlo, dIstribuirlo apersone diverse dal destinatarlo e severament.e proibito, ed e pregato di rinviarlo 1mmedlatamente al mltter1ledistruggendone l'or19Inale.GrazieConf1dent1allty Notice Tl1Is message, together wltl1 its annexes, contains Informat1on to be deemed smctlyconfidential and is destined only to th,• addressee(s) identified above wl10 only ma., use, copy and, under l1is/tl1eirresponsibility, furl11er disseminate it. If anyone, received this message by mistake or reads It without entitlement Isforewarned that keeping, copying, disseminating or distributing this message to persons other than theaddressee(s) ,s strictly forbidden and Is asked to transmit 1t 1rnmed1ately to thci sender and to erase the ongmalmessage receivedThank YouFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSat, 18 Apr 2020 13:46:56 +0000Greg Folkers CbH6);Morens, David (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: CDC: ---------------------- Cb) (5)https://bit .ly/2Ki5Ry4We really need to talk about this.From: Morens, David (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b)(6) Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 6:49 PMTo: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El -----~ Cb~H= >Cc: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Subject: Re: CDC:Sent from my iPhoneDavid M MorensOD, NIAID, NIHhttps://bit.ly/2Ki5Ry4(b)(5On Apr 17, 2020, at 18:30, Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El- ------- (b)(6) wrote:(b) (5)(b) (5)(b) (5)The estimates on this page have been updated from an earlier report published inDecember 2018 based on more recently available information. There is a trade-offbetween timeliness and accuracy of the burden estimates. To provide timely burdenestimates to the public, clinicians, and publ ic health decision-makers, we use preliminarydata that may lead to over- or under-estimates of the true burden. However, eachseason's estimates will be finalized when data on testing practices and deaths for thatseason are available.For the revised 2017-2018 estimates, we included additional information in our estimationregarding influenza testing practices. The surveil lance system used to estimate influenzarelatedhospitalizations, FluSurv-NET, collects data on patients hospitalized withlaboratory-confirmed influenza. Influenza testing is done at the request of the clinician, butnot everyone is tested and influenza tests are not perfectly accurate. Thus, the reports oflaboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations to FluSurv-NET are likelyunderestimates of the true number of hospitalizations. To adjust for this, CDC collects dataannually from participating FluSurv-NET sites on the amount of influenza testing and thetype of test that is used at the site, and this information is used to correct for the possibleunderestimate of influenza-related hospitalizations . These testing data are often notavailable for up to two years after the end of an influenza season, and thus the estimatesare revised when additional testing data become available. For the orig inal preliminary2017-2018 burden estimates, data on testing practices during the 2014-2015 season wereused to make preliminary estimates because this season had the highest levels of testingamong the prior seasons for which data were available and resulted in the mostconservative (lowest) estimates of burden. More recent data from the 2016-17 seasonshow that influenza testing has been increasing among most age groups. The currentestimates were made using the highest testing rate fo r each age-group during 2010-11 to2016-17 and has resulted in some burden estimates being lower than previouslyestimated.Additionally, the method we use to estimate influenza -associated deaths relies onadditional data from FluSurv-NH and the National Center for Health Statistics (data oncause of deaths and numbers of deaths that occur in versus outside the hospital) that arealso not available for up to two years after the end of the season being estimated .The 2017-2018 estimates are still preliminary because not all of the required data arecurrently available. When those data become available, these estimates will be updatedagain and the results may change.More answers to frequently asked questions about CDC's influenza burden estimates areavailable.Disclaimer: Any third-party material in this email has been shared for internal use under fairuse provisions of U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy /veracity. Itdoes not necessarily represent my views nor tho se of NlAlD , NlH , HHS, or the U.S.government .From:Sent :To:(b)(6)Fri, 17 Apr 2020 14:45:56-0400Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: Fwd: Invitation to speak at virtual TIME 100 eventLet us make sure that we discuss this.Begin forwarded message:From : Alice Park <alice.p ark@time .com>Date: April 17, 2020 at 2:07 : 17 PM EDT -------~= To: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6J:Cc: Cate Matthews <cate .matthews@time.com>Subject: Re: Invitation to speak at virtual TIME 100 eventHi Dr. Fauci --I also should have added that we are happy to pre-tape the interview so it does nothave to happen on April 23. ln order for it to run on that date, we would love to record it some timeWed during the day or on Thurs morning. Hoping that helps with timing, and looking forward tohearing from you. Best, AlicePLEASE NOTE NEW PHONE NUMBERAlice ParkTIME(b)(6)alice.park@time.com@aliceparknyOn Fri, Apr 17, 2020 at 9:35 AM Alice Park <alice.park@time.com>w rote:DearDr. Fauci,Thankyou for making time to talk to me during the early weeks of the pandemic. I know yourschedule is tight, but wanted to pass along an invitation to speak at a unique virtualsummit we're holding next week, that I hope we can make work.Buildingon the impact of our annual TIME100 and TIME 100 Health summits, as well as our ongoing coverage of COVID-19, onThur sday, April 23,TIME will launch its first-ever virtual event series, "TIME Talks: Finding Hope." Our goalis to convene a group of the world's leading voices, including TIME 100 honorees, tospotlight the important work they're doing to combat this crisis, and to help ourviewers navigate this new reality.As part of our launch event , scheduled to take place between noon and 3 p.m. ET, we'dlike to invite youto participate in a short, 10- to 20-minute video interview with a TIME editor onpublic health policies that could be implemented at the national level to strengthen theresponses to this and future pandemics- addressing in particular lessons learned fromthe initial response to the coronavirus .We would also welcome your thoughts on how we plan to navigate out of the pandemicand what the new normal will look like. (Please note that we are open to discussing othertopics as well.)Each conversation will be streamed and promoted across TIME 's platfo rms, which reacha combined audience of 100 million people aroundthe world .Asone of our invited speakers , you would also be part of an extraordinary community ofleaders who are shaping our world . Past speakers at TIME events include HouseSpeakerNancy Pelosi ,Apple CEOTim Cook ,PrimatologistJane Goodall ,White House AdviserJared Kushner,ChefJose Andres,Me Too Movement Founder Tarana Burke,Producer DirectorRyan Murphy ,and many others .Thankyou in advance for considering this invitatio n. Cate. our program coordinator . and I arehappy to help with any questions you may have.Looking forward to hearing from you .Best,AlicePLEASE NOTE NEW PHONE NUMBERAlice ParkTIME(b)(6)alice.park@time.com@aliceparkny
From:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fri, 17 Apr 2020 16:00:09 +0000Thomas R. FriedenSubject: Re: Box It InAttachments: image001.png , image002.png, image003.jpgThanks, Tom. I totally agree with this approach. I have been trying to catch you by phone buthave gotten a voicemail with a message that the mailbox is ful l. Do I have the con-ect number?Thanks, TonyOn Apr 17, 2020 , at 11 :00 AM, Thomas R. Frieden(b)(6). wrote:Tony,Wishing you well. Wanted you to be aware that we're releasing a repo rt at a mediabriefing this morning on how to "Box in COVID." This plan includes priorit ized expansion oftesting and building a corps of contact tracers in the US, using tried-and-true public healthmeasures at scale. There are four essential actions to box in the virus: 1) Expand testing; 2)Isolate infected people to prevent spread; 3) Identify contacts who may have exposed; 4)Quarantine contacts. As you know, all four are crucial; if any one is lacking, the virus canescape and spread explosively again. Success requires a massive expansion of our publichealth capacity around the country and world.The report is attached and can be downloaded here. Please let me know how we cancontinue to be as supportive as possible.All the best,TomTom Frieden, MD, MPHPresident and CEOwww.DrTomFrieden.net(b)(6)<image0O 1. png><image002 .png><image003.jpg>RESOLVET O SAVE LIVESAn initiative of Vital StrategiesSTAY CONNECTEDwww.resolvetosavelives.org face book twitter<COV035 _ BoxltlnBriefing _ FINAL.pd£>~
TOS AVLEI VESAHI NITIATIVOEFV ITASLT RATEG[From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElFri, 17 Apr 2020 10:15:13 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/N IAID) [ElFW:Please take a look at this and respond. Thanks.From: Alfonso Arana <alfonso .arana@bizsecure .us>Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 5:53 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] _____ "("b"")"("=6"J(b) (6J>; Robert .Thompson@crlcorp.com(b)(4)(b) (4)Dr. Fauci, good morning thank you for all you do for this great nat ion! We are very blessed to have youat the forefront of this pandemic. Not sure if you recall, (b) (6J we have(b) (4)Alfonso AranaPresident/ CEOCraft Artisan Design Inc. HUBZoneDBA. BizSecurehttps://bizsecure.us(b)(6)CONFIDENTIALI TY NOTICE: This e-mail message including attachments, if any, is in tended only for the person orent ity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and /or privileged material. Any review, use, disclosureor distribution of such confidenti al inform ation without the written authori zation of Craft Artisan Design Inc. DBAA&A Solutions. is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mai l anddestroy all copies of the original message, by receiving this e-m ail you acknowledge that any breach by you and/oryour repr esentatives of the above provisio ns may entit le A&A Solutions., to seek for damages.From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Greg:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Fri, 17 Apr 2020 02:48:07 +0000Greg Folkers (b)(6)Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: Hilary Marston's COVID-19 talk now archived for view ingPlease see me tomorrow abo ut some ideas that l have about COBfD-19 slides.Thanks,Tony-----Original Message -----From: Rob erts, Jacqueline (NIH/OD) (E] (b)(Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 3:12 PMTo: NIH-STAFF@LJST.NIH.GOVSubject: Hilary Marston's COVJD-19 talk now archived for viewingDear Colleagues,Thank you all for your suppo rt as we launch the new COV[D-19 lecture series. The live videocast of yesterday's talkwas in high demand and, unfor tunately, many of you were unable to gain access. This was partly because of thelarge number of viewers. We are working to remedy the issues in preparation for next week's lecture.Dr. Marston's talk, "The Biomedical Research Response to COVID-19: A View from NIAID," is now archived athttps://videocast.ni h.gov/watcb=36375 .- The COVID-19 SIG ModeratorsFor more infonnation about the COVTD-19 Scientific Interest Group, refer to httos://oir.nih.gov /s igs/covid-19-sci entifi c-i ntere st-gro up.From:Sent :To:Subject:Francis:Best,TonyFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElFri, 17 Apr 2020 02:45:01 +0000Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [ElRE: conspiracy gains momentumFrom: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El -------- (b)(6)Sent : Thursday, April 16, 2020 5:02 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E:] ;.=======(b)~(6) ~ Cc: Tabak, Lawrence {NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6JJ; Lane, Cliff {NIH/NIAID) [E]--------- (b)( ; Burklow, John (NIH/OD) [E] ._ (b)(6) _______ _.Subject: conspiracy gains momentum(b) (5)(b) (5)https :// www.mediaite.com/tv /foxs-bret-ba ier-so u rces-i ncreasingly-confident-coronavi rus-o utb rea kstarted-in-wuha n-lab/(b) (5)FrancisFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fri, 17 Apr 2020 02:28:05 +0000Pottinger, Matthew F. EOP/WHO;Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC(b)(6)RE: [WARNING: UNSCANNABLE EXTRACTION FAILED][EXTERNAL) Usinggrounded aircraf t to treat COVID patientsMatt:-----(b)(5). Let us discuss further. Best regards,TonyFrom: Pottinger, Matthew F. EOP/WHO ---------- (b)(6)Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 7:54 PMTo: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC -------- =(b=)(=6)>; Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E)(b)(6)Subject: FW: (WARNING: UNSCANNABLE EXTRACTION FAILED)[EXTERNAL] Using grounded aircraft totreat COVID patientsDeb, Tony,(b) (5)(b) (5)Best,MattFrom: Skinner, James B. EOP/NSC (b)(6)Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 6:53 PM -------~~ To: Pottinger, Matthew F. EOP/WHO (b)(6)>Cc: DL NSC NSA FO Staff <DL.NSAF0Staff@whmo.mil>Subject: FW: [WARNING: UNSCANNABLE EXTRACTION FAILED)[EXTERNAL] Using grounded aircraft totreat COVID patientsMatt,I spoke to Leland earlier this afternoon and he asked I pass this along to you .JamesFrom: Leland Schwartz (b) ( > ----------- Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 6:08 PMTo: Skinner, Jam_e_s_ B . EOP.;/.N__S--C= ======~;-:--:-:-::-:-::-:--:-:-:-:(-b~H >_cc:_R_a.I.p :_.h._C_ra_ft_s!:=======--=::"'";" (b_H_. ; BARBARAS CHEDI E(b)(6)----- (b) C6;l Ed BettsSubject : [WARNING: UNSCANNABLEE XTRACTIONF AILED][EXTERNALU] sing grounded aircraft to treatCOVID patientsMatt,Oxygen therapy scientists can treat patients using the grounded airliners all over thecountry as mass treatment chambers.Please watch this explana tion from Extivita in Durham :> https:// www.youtube.com/watch ?v=SWCH Du UOHSM&featur e=youtu. be<Please help us connect to the right people.This could help save lives, get our economy restarted, and ensure continuity in thegovernment.Hope you're good. Catch up on the other side. Have figured out how to save localnews.Leland(b)(6)James,Thanks very much for your help.LelandCOY.M~ ITY eAOO.DCASTINGFORFAUOUIEAApril 16, 2020lelllnd SchwartzEdllor&Pui>hsherF~ Channel One$40 42.2 13r6eclllOff!lauqu,oichannoloornwwwfctUqUDR:himnCeQl fnMatt Pott ingerDeputy National Security AdvisorThe White House1650 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWWashin gton , DC 20502Dear Sir,Many of us in the hyperbaric medicine community believe that there exists a simpletherapy to halt the inflammatory process and reverse the lung damage.This process will also simultaneously provide many times over the amount ofoxygenation offered by the coma-inducing intubationventilator procedure.We are reaching out to our network to make contact with the airlines to secure the use ofan airplane with an onboard APU (Auxiliary Power Unit--used to pressuriz e the aircraft)for a month, to treat COVID-19 pati ents and show the effectiveness of the concept.Initial testing indicat es in one trial study 100% improvement while all others und erway,although small scale, are showing great benefit at extremely low cost and patient risk.So what is this new procedure? Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy or HBOT; first usedsuccessfully in 1918 for Spanish Flu cases. HBOT is viable and appears to work well butwe do not have the number of pressure vessels / HB chambers available to treat thepossibly100,000+ who need the therap y now.Several of us in our small community have arrived at the same idea in severalcountrie s.The idea is no longer new or uniqu e.Again, I am proposing use an aircraft as the pressure vessel. Every airplane with apressurized cabin (i.e., all commercial airline aircraft) is routinely pressurized to around9 psi (some go higher) while they are on the ground, as part of their norma lairworthiness testing.Myself and others have suggested that one or more of the hundr eds of grounded aircraftbe provided to complete the trial t est .737 Max are not flying but are a perfect pressure vessel for the proc edur e.Could you help us contact Boeing, the airlines or the military?No aircraft modification is required whatsoever so that is one of the issues off the table.The aircraft remains parked on the ground with access for ambulatory patients via astairway. No jetway is required unless we expand this in the future for non-ambulatorypatien ts.We would need to place stand ard DOT portabl e oxygen tank s in the cabin along with theassociated manifold, pressure regulator, flow-meters and tubing.Each patient will have his /her own anesthesia mask and breathing circuit.There is no cross contamination between patients or the cabin environment atmosphereas each mask incorporates a Viral Filter Kit to help protect the technicians who are alsobrea thing from a sec ur e, clean so urc e.All safety issues are addressed in the plan.The same process, once proven could be utilized by our military and of course our Navywho is experiencing possible outbreaks as we speakThe Patriot Clinic in Oklahoma City is my personal charity where we have provided over15,000 free HBOT treatments for our beloved vets and 30,000+ at cost or below.We are not asking for money. Nor, am I selling anything in this effort. With the help of asmall group of supporters, ( Ralph Crafts & family ) my company is willing to providethe equipment, training and technical support to begin the process.Thank you for your ongoing service to our country, and thank you for reading andconsidering my propo sal.I sure would appreciate your help.Semper Fi!Sincerely,Edward A BettsEdward A BettsANDI American Nitrox Divers International74 Woodcleft AvenueFree ort, NY USA 11520(b)(6)> http: //www .andihq.com/ <(b)(6)Matt PottingerDeputy National Security AdvisorThe ·white House1650 Pennsylvania Ave., NWWashington , DC 20502Sir:As one old Marine to another Marine, this letter contains the "straight scoop," and is intended toprovide infonnation that can help stop the spread of COVID-19, and ensure the continuity ofcritical segments of government.Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has been in use for over 100 years, and was the onlyeffective treatment for the 1918 flu pandemic. HBOT is being used worldwide to treat a varietyof serious disease s, and has been proven to be immediately effective in treating severe COVID-19 cases, with a success rate close to 100%.HBOT is simply breathing high-pur ity oxygen (92% or higher) for 60-90 minutes in apressurized environment (typically between 8 and 15psi- the higher pressure is about the samepressure as doing a SCUBA dive to 33 feet). HBOT chambers can be 1-2 person sizes andportable, up to 12-seat chambe rs which are used for Navy operations. (b)(6) I have a onepersonchamber in our home, and we can attest to its effectiveness in treating severe breathingproblems, like pneumonia , infections , and wounds.The currently publicized and widely accepted statement that there is no effective treatment forCOVID-19 is wrong. HBOT treatments, usually just a single one-hour session, provideimmediate improvements in lung function, blood-oxygen levels, and organ recovery . Unlikerespirators, which do more damage than good and are basically a death sentence, HBOT providesan immediate path for recovery and healing.A team of ve1y experienced scientists and HBOT experts have developed a concept that willenable the effective treatment of large numbers of people by using some of the thousands ofgrounded commercial aircraft as large HBOT chambers.I'm an old Marine Corps jet pilot , and we use our (b) (6)so I have the professional contacts to confirm and verify the efficacyof the concept.Every airplane with a pressurized cabin (i.e., all airline aircraft) is routinely pressurized toaround 9psi (some go higher) while they are on the ground, as part of their normal airworthinesstesting.We have equipment staged and ready to go now, to treat 25 COVID-19 patients ata time- weneed an airplane, and we can be treating people and saving lives in about 36 hours.The aircraft we need remain parked on the ground, no modifications are needed-we will simplyplace portable oxygen tanks in the cabin with the associated tubing, manifold, and pressureregulators, and each patient will have his/her own anesthesia mask.There is no cross contamination between patients, because everyone is breathing oxygen fromtheir own persona l mask.We are reaching out to our contacts in the airlines to ask for the use of an airplane and APU(Auxiliary Power Unit- used to pressurize the aircraft) for a month, to treat COVID-19 patientsand show the effectiveness of the concept.We could do the same thing with a single military transport aircraft (many of which have beenconfigured for medical use).As a Marine, and with my knowledge of HBOT, the recent death of the Theodore Rooseveltsailor is part icularly upsetting, knowing that a couple of Senior Chiefs or Marine MasterSergeants could have configured an aircraft in Guam in a couple of hours and be treating all thesailors from the carrier.We are not asking for money- my wife and I are paying for all the required equipment andsupport personnel.HBOT chambers are easily implemented and supported- you could have one in your office( ours is 8' long and 34" in diameter when pressurized) and it would only take a couple of hoursto train your corpsmen to operate it. I don' t know of a better guarantee of continuity in thecurrent pandemic.Please note that (b)(6) I have no financial or political interests in the HBOT treatmentconcept, companies , or manufacturers-we receive no benefits/rewards, other than helping tosave many lives.You will receive a letter from Ed Betts- he's a good man, really knows his stuff, and I trust himwith my life- please take what he says seriously.Thank you for your ongoing service to our country , and thank you for reading and consid eringthe information in this letter.Semper Fi !Respectf ully,Ralph E. CraftsMarsha ll, Virg inia(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 12:37:38 +0000Dr. Josh BackonRE: Covid-19. thromboxane inhibitors, and heme binding (02 desaturation)You are not being ignored. The Nationa l Heart Lung and Blood Institute will take a look at this.From: Dr. Josh Backon <backon@mail.huji.ac.il>Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 8:09 AM -------- ""=""'"'= To: Coleman, Amanda {NIH/NIAID) [CJ (b)( >; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIA ID) [E)____ ..:._ __ _:__:. __ :...,:_.:.!:::========:::....:..-~ (b~)~(6)Subject: Fwd: Covid-19. thromboxane inhibitors, and heme binding (02 desaturation)Continue to ignore me.http ://www .htct.com .br/en -hemog lobin -value-may-be-decreased-avance S2531137920300298?fbclid= lwAR3zdsUZE l MSgxNpqzr lf8621NlbRMFPJ9qfRLnsC2FqZNkjCrsw4KDtGcDr. Josh Backonbackon@mail.huj i.ac.il---------- Forwarded message ---------From: Coleman, Amanda (NIH/ NIAID) [C] (b)(6)Date: Thu, Apr 9, 2020 at 6:18 PMSubject: RE: Covid-19. thromboxane inhib itors, and heme binding (02 desaturation)To: Dr. Josh Backon <backon@mail.huji .ac.il>Dear Dr. Backon,We very much appreciate the information you've provided, and I am sharing your updates with therelevant staff at NIH. We have directed you to the information we think is relevant for your request, andwe hope that this has been helpful. We have no additional information to provide at this time. NIAIDstaff members will not be responding further .Thank you,Amanda Coleman, MPH [C)Office of Scientific Coordination and Program OperationsDivision of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesNIAID, NIH, DHHSFrom: Dr. Josh Backon <backon@mail.huji.ac.il>Sent: Wednesday, April 8, 2020 7:37 AM To: Coleman, Amanda (NIH/NIAID) [CJ- -----~~ CbH6)>F;a uci, Anthony (NIH/NIA ID) [E)(b)(6)Subject: Covid-19. thromboxane inhi bi tors, and heme binding (02 desaturation)I have a suggestion for 3 potent antiviral agents, cheap and readily available, thatmay prevent viral shedd ing. No viral shedding? No infectivity. The concept is thatEVERYONE should take these items. Two of the items also positively affect hemebinding. Covid-19 binds to heme causing 02 desaturation, lung failure and death.First a short bio:Dr. Josh Backon was affiliated with the Hebrew University Faculty of Medicinefor over 33 years. He has a good track record (84+ publications quoted by over 750other researcherswww.google.com /scholar?start=O&g=%22backon ++j. %22&hl=en&as sdt=0,5and in over 250-300 texts as perhttps://www.google.com /search?tbo=p&tbm =bks&q=%22backon+j .+%22&num=100 ).In the 1980's he was Consulting Editor of the Journal of Pedi atric Endocrinology,Editor of Reviews in Pure and Applied Pharmacological Sciences, and AssociateEditor of the International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. From 1990-2004, he was a consultant on emergency planning and management at Israel 'sNational Police Headquarters with Nitzav Mishneh Danny Fisher.Chloroquine, an antimalarial drug, is now being used to treat Covid-19. Itsmechanism was found in the 1970's to inhibit thromboxanehttps:/ /scholar .google.com/scholar?hl=en&as sdt=0%2C5&q=chloroquine +thromboxane&btnG= The problem with chloroquine was that it also elevated levels ofprostaglandin F2alpha. In 1980, Srivastava, an Indian biochemist working inDenmark found that GINGER is a potent inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase. Iwrote a number of papers in the J 980's on use of ginger:https:/ /scholar .google.com/scholar ?hl=en&as sdt=0%2C5&g=backon +ginger&btnG=CHLOROQUINE FOR TREATING COVID-19bttps://scbolar.google.com/scholar ?hl=en&as sdt=0%2C5&q=ch1oroquine+covid-19&oq=ch&fbclid=IwAR llLe376M22 IUr3UsD6 yzsASmpGglpI3h3PTOpCHA4Y cu32 l ZPevD-AGINGER IS A POTENT ANTIVIRAL-https: //scholar .google.com/scholar?hl =en&as sdt=0%2C5&q =ginger+anti viral&oq=gmTHE SECOND ANTIVIRAL AGENT IS TURMERIC [add black peppersince piperine dramatically increases oral bioavailability of turmeric)https: //scholar .google.com/scholar?hl =en&as sdt=0%2C5&q =turmeric+antiviral&oq=turMultisite inhibitors for enteric coronavirus: antiviral cationic carbondots based on curcuminD Ting, N Dong, L Fang, J Lu, J Bi. .. -ACS Applied Nano ... , 2018 - ACS Publications.. . These results offer theoretical support for the development of CCM-CDs as a hopefulantivira l drug for the treatment of coronavirus infections, including PEDV ... Curcumin(CCM) is a polyphenol compound obtained from turmeric roots ...NAC AND PIPERINE TO INIDBIT INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES{iNOS, NF KappaB, TNFalpha) INVOLVED IN ARDSMortality in COVID-19 patients is usually from ARDS (acute respiratory distresssyndrome) via inflammatory cytokines. Apart from N-acetylcy steine which wasfound 3 years ago to elevate atrial natriur etic factor [found by Kiemer in 2001 tozap inflammatory cytokine s: iNOS , NF KappaB , and TNFalpha) now piperine inblack pepper was found to inhibit inflammatory cytokines [piperine alsodramatically increas es oral bioavailability of turm eric [ which has been used as apotent antiviral]:N-ACETYLCYSTEINEhttps://scholar.google .com/scholar?hl=en&as sdt=0%2C5&g=nacetylcysteine+%22inflammatory+cytokines%22&btnG=PIPERINEhttps://scholar .google.com/ scholar ?hl=en&as sdt=0,5&q=piperine%20inflammatory%20cytokine s&btnG=&fbclid=IwAR0kXZxl66JPLFPry2MDTDxOAelgGnmBZdK.Bw7cl v78Hfi7t 0JJnx0Y2zuECOVID-19 BINDS TO HEMEhttp://web.archive.org/web/20200405061401/https://medium.com/@agaiziunas/covid-19-had-us-allfooled-but-now-we-might-have-finally-found-its-secret-91182386efcbCOVID- 19: HYPOXIA , 02 DESATURATIO N, COVID-19 BINDS TO HEME.THUS NO MAX PEEP ! ! IT'S A PROBLEM OF FREE RADICALBIOCHEMISTRY.THROMBOXANE AND HEME BINDINGhttps://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as sdt=0%2CS&q=thromboxane+%27heme+binding%22&oq=th&fbclid= lwAR3fSECaUUnrSSyhCA6kpJ9z0nPaMM3ba7HtuFPpQ9B1PVrF9kdwayATcY0INDIA: POPULATION 1,300,000,000: as of Apr il 8th, only 5000 cases and 164 deaths :[Ind ians eat GINGER, TURMERIC and BLACK PEPPER plus other spices which are thromboxaneinhibitors ]:https ://www. business-standard .com/ article/ current-affairs/ coro navi rus-I ive-u pdates -covid-19-cases -i nindia-gl oba I-death-to II-state -wi se-del hi-ma harasth ra-tabl ig h i-niza m udd i n-lockdown-extension-latestnews-120040800236 1.html11 classic Indian spices: saffron , fenugreek, cardamom , cloves, cassia, cumin, coriander, and nutmghttps ://www .thekitchn.com/11-essential-spices-for -indian-cooking-223152Access http://scholar.google.com for THROMBOXANE (and the name of each spice) and you'll see thateach one is a thromboxane inh ibitorANTI PARASITIC DRUG IVERMECTIN KILLS COVID-19https://pharmafield.co.uk/pharma news/study shows antiparasiticdrug ivermectin kills coronavirus/IVERMECTIN AFFECTS THROMBOXANEhttps://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as sdt=0%2CS&q=%22ivermectin%22+thromboxane+&btnGCARBON DIOXIDE AS THROMBOXANE INHIBITORShttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1433448/https://www.sciencedirect .com/science/article/abs/pii/0306987786900952Effect of carbon dioxide on platelet aggregation in catsES Gabrielyan , EA Amroyan - Bulletin of Experimental Biology and ... , 1984 - SpringerProducts of the arachidonic acid cascade have been shown to play an important role inregulation of the blood supply to several organs, including the bra in [i, 8]. Cyclic derivativesof arachidonic acid play a definite role in the mechanisms of action of many known ...https ://Ii nk.springer .com/ article/10.1007 /BF0082963 7WHY CATS (FELINES)A RE MORE SUSCEPTIBLET O COVID-19 THAN DOGShttps ://www. the -scientist. com/news -opinion/ cats-f e rrets -s usce pt i b I e-to -sa rs-cov-2 -st u dy-67374? utm campaign=TS DAILY+NEWSLETTER 2020&utm source=hs email&utm medium=emai l&utm content=85706789& hsenc=p2ANqtz --SZXoVVbO1SHcR025FPiWgMcM3 nz7fHSHOrKRp9fLxTy9Bxj0Jsl7hJtDQoDM2xsozsH438n5c 1Mj-78bT3Rz2mQ& hsmi=85706789&fbclid=lwAR3bW76GVl4rConuw7YPcDL91ZE9JkQQSm9Lu yRE4y2LNmo0o6vtaFUkhttps://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1476 -5381.1983.tb09393.x?fbclid=lwAR1SzFkyOR4mVyVvh9ayQP Uzj4CwlVo419b2jRHebfjmSQCD6BykteHqQFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:48:56 +0000(b)(6)Subject: RE: Stand ing Up for TruthDavid:Many hanks for your kind note. It is much appreciat ed.Best regards,Tony (b)( 6)Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)( 6)FAX: (301 496- 09E-mail Cb()6 )The Information in this e-mail and any of Its attachments Is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representative s.From: (b)(6) ----------------- Sent: Monday , April 13, 2020 2:49 AM --------:a- = To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/ NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6); Fauci, Ant hony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b )( 6)Subject: Standing Up for Truth4/ 13/20Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.Director, NIAIDDear Dr. Fauci:As a fellow graduate of Regis High Schoo l (b)(6) and very activealumnu s, I am writing to you out of deep concern for our nation. I amreading reports in The NY Times that President Trump may be consideringfiring you for tell ing the truth about the negative consequences of delays inmobilizing the Amer ican response to the coronavirus threat. The Times hadrun articles in recent days detail ing the pertinent facts that place the blamefor this delay squarely on President Trump. We can reasonably infer thatsignificant loss of life and financial harm resulted from this delay.The mission of Regis was to mold young men with leadersh ip potential tobe "men for others" in the Jesuit tradition. To achieve that goal Regis alsosought to hone our intellectual talents and imbue us with Christian moralityto succeed throughout our lives in a persistent pursuit of excellence, whichembodies the truth. A mission to relentlessly pursue and proclaim thetruth.The fact that you have consistently and courageously pursued that missionduring one of the darkest times in our history explains the extraordinaryadmiration in which you are held by millions of Americans. You have wontheir confidence , which has enabled so many to make exquisite sacrificesto win this crucial battle. People will follow heroes, which is precisely howthe vast majority views you.I am writing because I want you to know how important you are to America.We cannot lose you and we can not lose the value of truth. Truth mustprevail or our precious democracy is in grave peril.Consequently, and I know I speak for the vast majority of Americans whosedecency is beyond question, if Donald Trump seeks your removal, pleaseresist for the sake of our nation. An appeal to the populace will not gounanswered. Religious leaders will flock to your defense, as will the mediaand leading political leaders, including Biden and Cuomo. Republicans cannot afford to alienate what you stand for. Jeopardizing the Catholic votewould be suicide.In closing, know how proud all Regians are of you. You will always be aninspiration to those who understand the value of service to others.Our prayers are with you.David G. O'Brien (b)(6)Attorney at Law(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Thanks, Dan.Best,TonyFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:35 :55 +0000Daniel Bednar ikLerner, And rea (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: BARDA PresentationFrom: Daniel Bednarik <dbednarik@neximmune .com>Se nt: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 4:24 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6)>Subject: BARDA PresentationDear Tony :Be well - we are all in your corne r (and you have your own bobble head likeness)!Best,DanDaniel Bednarik, Ph.D.Senior Vice PresidentMolecular EngineeringNexlmmune, Inc.9119 Gaither RoadGaithe rsburg MD 20877(b)(6)(m)www.neximmune.com •• • NexlmmuneDirecting T cell function to restore natural immunity(b) (4)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:33:57 +0000To: Schwetz, Tara (NIH/OD) [E)Cc: Marston, Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E];Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E];Barasch,Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C];Walsh, Elizabeth (NIH/OD) [E]Subject: RE: Flagging NIH Media ProductsThanks, Tara. I appreciate the heads up. Stay well and safe.Best,TonyFrom: Schwetz, Tara (NIH/OD) [E) (b)(6)/>Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 4:46 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]------ (-b=)'"-("==6' )>Cc: Marston , Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( ; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID ) [E](b)( >; Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/N IAID) [C] (b)( >; Walsh,Elizabeth (NIH/OD) [E] (b)( >Subject: Flagging NIH Media ProductsTony,Hope all is well and that you are staying safe and healt hy .. Our plan is to batch and send these to Hilary, Patty, and Kim on Thursdays/Fridayseach week, unless there is a time sensitivity to them. For the time-sensitive requests, I will flag them foryou (after a couple levels of filtering).So, that said, I am reaching out to flag the following time-sensitive items for your awareness and sharingwith the remainder of the Task Force, as appropriate . You'll note that both of these are yours, so th isemail may be unnecessary. If so, apologies for adding to your (what much be crazy) inbox.Item 1: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Strategic Plan for COVID-19 Research(NEW)Activity Type: Strategic PlanSummary: A new strategic research plan from the National Institutes of Health aims to build on- and accelerate - new and existing research efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat COVID-19,as well as understand the underlying causative agent of this disease, severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Plan prioritizes research to improve fundamentalknowledge of SARS-CoV-2 vir us and COVID-19 disease, develop diagnostics and assays,characterize and test t herapeutics, as well as develop safe and effective vaccines targeted towarddecreasing disease incidence, mitigating morbidity, and preventio n mortality from this disease.Impact on COVID-19 Pandem ic Response: The strategic plan outlines a research plan ta rgeted atprevent ion and mitigation of COVID-19 disease.Office : NIAID, Office of the DirectorNIH Point-of-Contact : Anthony Fauci, M.D.NIH Point-of-Contact Email:Action Date : Estimated 4/17 /2020_Type of Action : Publication(b)(6)Potent ial for Press Coverage: Mainstream PressPressR eleasien Developmen:t Y?esItem 2: NIH study validates decontamination methods for re-use of N95 respiratorsActivity Type : Significant scientific findingSummary ; NIAID/NIH-funded study shows that N95 respirators can be decontaminatedeffec tively and maintain funct ional integrity for up to three uses. Researchers tested thedecontamination of small sections of N95 fi lter fabric that had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Decontamination methods tested included vaporized hydrogen peroxide {VHP), 70-degree Celsiusdry heat, ultraviolet light, and 70'/o ethanol spray. All four methods eliminated detectable viablevirus from the N95 fabric test samples. The results will be posted on a preprint server (timingTBD). The findings are not yet peer-reviewed but are being shared to assist the public healthresponse to COVID-19.Impact on COVID-19 Pandem ic Response: Study shows that respirators could be used multip letimes {2-3 times depend ing on decontamination method)ICO: NIAIDNIH Point-of- Contact : Vincent Munster, Ph.D., and Marshall Bloom, M.D., from NIAID's Laboratoryof Virology are available to comment on this study .POC Email: (b)(6) -------------------Action Date : TBD week of April 13, 2020Type of Action: Report/PublicationPotential for Press Coverage: Mainstream PressPress Release in Development? : YesHope you're getting some rest and taking care of yourself!Best,Tara A. Schwetz, PhDActing Director, NINRAssociate Deputy Director, NIHA: Building 1, Room 138 --- ~= P: (b)(6) I M: (b)(6)From:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:32:27 +0000(b)(6)FW: New web porta l ··· UW IDEA: COVID-19 Treatment https://bit. ly/3ckkv48Please take a look at this and then let us talk.From: Folkers, Greg {NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 5:19 PMSubject: New web portal --- UW IDEA: COVID-19 Treatment https://bit.ly/3ckkv48Disclaimer : Any third-party material in this email bas been shared for internal use under fair use pro visionsof U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy/veracity. It does not necessarily representmy views nor those of NIAID, NlH , HHS, or the U.S. government.From:Sent:To :Cc:Subject:Attachments:Proposals 4.14.pdfPlease handle.Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:24 :00 +0000Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [C) (b)(6)Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Harper , Jill (NIH/NIAID) [E]FW: Request: Proposal Summaries - POCs Due 4/15; Summaries Due 4/202020-04-14_Proposal POC Sign up.xlsx, IC Specific Proposals 4.14.pdf, ERFrom: Schwetz, Tara {NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 8:52 PMTo: ICDDIR-L@list. nih.govCc: List DEPDIR-L <DEPDIR-L@list .nih.gov>; NIH Director's Executive Committee <0DSmallStaff@mail.nih .gov>Subject: Request: Proposal Summaries- POCs Due 4/15; Summaries Due 4/20Colleagues,As discussed this afternoon, please find attached the POC sign-up sheet (tab 1; tabs 2-3 list the variousproposals by category, theme, and IC), the IC-specific proposals, and the economic recoveryproposals . We ask that you please complete the POC sign-up and send it to Jordan Glad man(b)(6) by S pm on Wednesday ----------- April 15. We will then col late and distribute the comp I et e d spreadsheet to the Chairs for each of the themes and post it on the ICD SharePoint site . Theindividual proposals are imbedded in the pdf as folders sorted by theme. If you feel your proposal wouldfit better with a different working group, please feel free to engage with them .We ask tha t, once the POCs have been have been ident ified, you quickly assemble to begin refining andsynergizing your proposa ls. Each Chair should coordinate with their group to develop a 2 page maxsummary of the theme's research, along with a single combined budget. The summary should integratethe IC proposals as much as possible; however, it is fine (for valid/justifiable reasons) to describe a fewunique projects tha t fall under the theme as well. That is, if they don't make sense to integrate , youdon' t have to, but please be sure to include them in the summary . These summaries should be sent toLarry and me (cc Jordan Glad man) by noon on April 20. We wil l build off these summaries to generate adocument for Francis' review, which we ultimately hope will be informative as we prepare for apotentia l fourth supplement.The ask in short:Best,• April 15 at 5 pm - send your POCs to Jordan, who will then distribute the completedspreadsheet to the chairs• April 20 at 12 pm -chairs to send a 2 page summary of their theme (with combined budget)Tara A. Schwetz, PhDActing Director, NINRAssociate Deputy Director, NIHA: Building 1, Room 138 ---~= P: (b)(6) I M: (b)(6)From:Sent :To:Subject:Attachments :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElThu, 16 Apr 2020 02:51:30 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: Emergency clinica l tr ial COVID PE4_ OVID _protocol_15042020.docxPlease take a look at this and take care of it. Thanks.From: Kucher Nils (b)(6)>Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 5:29 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ ("b"~""('6=) >Subject: Emergency clinical trial COVID PEDear AnthonyMy background is clinical VTE research. I spent many years in Boston (Harvard Medical School).We may have a solution for improving survival in COVID outpatients.(b) (4), (b) (5)Would you be willing to discuss this urgent clinical trial proposal which was submitted today to SwissauthoritiesMy mobile is -------- (b)(6)You can call me anytime.Best regardsNilsProf. Dr. med. Nils KucherDirector of Vacular MedicineUnivers ity Hospit al ZurichSwitzerlandRamistrasse 100, RAE C 13CH-8091 ZurichTel: Cb)C6)www.angiologie.usz.c hU Sz UniversitatsSp ital ZurichFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Ray:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 02:50:34 +0000DuBois, Raymond N.RE: Mask wearing policy at our University HospitalThank you for your note. I would keep the policy "voluntary" but I would "encourage"employees to wear them.Best regards,TonyFrom: DuBois, Raymond N. -------- (b)(6)Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 7:18 AM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------------=---:-(:b)=( > Subject: Mask wear ing policy at our University HospitalDear Dr. Fauci,My name is Ray DuBois and in addition to being the Dean of Medicine here at the Medical University ofSouth Carolina in Charleston, I chair the Board of Scientific Councilors for the NCI. The mask wearingpolicy for our Health System is developed by our inf ection control group and not by the College ofMedicine.Currently, we have a "voluntary" mask wearing policy for the health system and our main UniversityHospital. Based on your recent comments about asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic carriers of COVID-19, do you agree that keeping this voluntary is the correct approach?Obviously, your opinion here is extremely well respected and I would like for us to provide the safestenvironment possible for our faculty, employees and patients.Ray DuBois, M.D., Ph.D.Dean of MedicineThe Medical University of South Carolina .... Charlesto n, SCMemb er of the National Academy of MedicineFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Stefano:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 02:35:18 +0000Bertuzzi, StefanoRE: Announcement--ASM 's COVID-19 Research RegistryCongratulations! Excellent idea and much needed. Our community will find it veryvaluable.Best regards,TonyFrom: Bertuzzi, Stefano <sbertuzzi@asmusa.org>Sent : Wednesday, April 15, 2020 10:21 AM -------'="'""' = To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( >; Erbelding, Emily (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6) >; Cassetti, Cristina (NIH/NIA ID) [E] (b)( ; Beige!, John ~--~~======-::__= (NIH) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: Announ cement --ASM's COVID-19 Research RegistryDear Tony and NIAID friends -the mission of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) to promote and advance the microbia lsciences has perhaps never been more clearly in focus than during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Accelerating basic research is key to ASM's mission - it is where cure and prevention begin. It isimpressive how rapidly research on SARS-CoV-2 /COV ID-19 has advanced in just a few weeks , buteasily accessing new and relevant research has been a challenge for basic researchers . When ASM'sCouncil on Microbial Sciences held a COVI D-19 summit to ident ify the most significant scientific work onthe virus , the coronavirus researc hers and clinical microbiologists raised the need for the scientificcommun ity to curate important COVID-19 research .ASM is excited to announ ce the launch of the COVID-19 Research Registry , a platform curatedand vetted by experts in the field of virology and related discipline s to provide immediate accessto top COVID-19 research .I am proud that Lynn Enquist, Ph.D ., Henry L. Hillman Professor in Molecular Biology , PrincetonUniversity and fo rmer ASM President , will serve as Chief Curator for this Registry. Dr. Harold Varm us,Lewis Thomas University Professor of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine has agreed to join us as ChiefConsultant on the project.We are honored to have the following as Assistant Cura tors-in-Chief :• Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin, Ph.D., Chancellor's Professor , Microbiology & Molecular Genetics,University of California , Irvine and Editor-in-Chief of ASM's Journal of Virology• Vaughn Cooper , Ph.D ., Professor , Microbiology & Molecular Genet ics , University of Pittsburgh ,and current ASM Board memberThe entire curatorial board is listed on the Registry site .ASM is proud to add this initiative to our ongoing efforts . Through its capillary network of clin icalmicrobiologists around the country and the world, ASM has accelerated communica tion and clearedroadblocks to ramp up SARS-CoV-2 testing. We continue to work closely with our dedicated colleagues ,the indefatigable clinical microbiologists manning the front lines in hospitals and testing labs during thisunprecede nted global emergency. We send our thanks - and admirat ion--to these ASM members whoare contr ibuting directly to saving lives in this perilous time.Our COVID-19 resource page provides important ASM updates and current inform ation on thecoronavirus. We are also working with the news media to provide authoritative ASM experts and reliablematerial on the microb iology of viral epidemics. ASM journals is also providing free access to morethan 50 research articles published over the last year in our 16 scholarly journals and expediting reviewfor submitted papers related to coronavirus, ensuring that new research is quickly made available to thescientific community .We are hoping that researchers will find the COVID-19 Research Registry a useful resource . We lookforward to your comments , questions or suggestions , since your input will be critical for improving thisplatform and making it usef ul for the scientific community. All feedback can be sent tocovid 19reqistry@asmusa.org . We are all in this together.Sincerely,Stefano BertuzziChief Executive Officer, ASMStefano Bertuzzi, Ph.D., M.P.H.Chief Executive Office rAmerican Society for Microbio logy (ASM)1752 N St., NWWashington, DC 20036 -2904Phone (b) (6)From:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 02:08:26 +0000To: Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [C) ---------- (b)(6)) Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: FW: Request: Proposal Summaries - POCs Due 4/ 15; Summaries Due 4/20Attachments : 2020-04-14_Proposal POC Sign up vl. 0[1] .xlsx, IC Specific Proposals 4.15[1].pdf,ER Proposals 4.15[1] .pdf, COVID-19 Initiative Managemen t-revised[l][G] .docxPlease take a look at this and handle. Thanks.From: Schwetz, Tara {NIH/OD) [E] CbH >Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 8:59 PMTo: ICDDIR-L@list. nih.govCc: List DEPDIR-L <DEPDIR-L@list .nih .gov>; NIH Director's Executive Committee <0DSmal1Staff@mail.nih.gov>; Gladman, Jordan (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6J>Subject: Re: Request: Proposal Summaries - POCs Due 4/15; Summaries Due 4/20All,Please find attached the compiled sign-up sheet with IC POCs for the 12 themes, as well as updatedpackets to match the shifts that were brought to our attention (attachments #1-3) .As a reminder , please send the 2 page summar ies for each theme (with combined budget), using theattached template (attachment #4), to Jordan Gladman by April 20 at 12 pm. Thanks to you and yourstaff for developing these!Best,Tara A. Schwetz, PhDActing Director, NINRAssociate Deputy Director, NIHA: Building 1, Room 138 ---~~ P: (b)(6) I M: (b)(6)From: Tara Schwetz CbH6J>Date: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 at 9:01 PMTo: " ICDDIR-L@list.nih.gov " <ICDDIR-L@list.nih.gov >Cc: List DEPDIR-L <DEPDIR-L@list.nih.gov >, NIH Director's Executive Committee <0DSmal1Staff@mail.nih.gov >Subject: Request: Proposal Summaries - POCs Due 4/15; Summaries Due 4/20Colleagues,As discussed this afternoon, please find attached the POC sign-up sheet (tab 1; tabs 2-3 list the variousproposals by category, theme, and IC), the IC-specific proposals, and the economic recoveryproposals . We ask that you please complete the POC sign-up and send it to Jordan Glad man{jordan .gladman@nih .gov) by 5 pm on Wednesday April 15. We will then col late and distribute thecompleted spreadsheet to the Chairs for each of the themes and post it on the ICD SharePoint site . Theindividual proposals are imbedded in the pdf as folders sorted by theme. If you fee l your proposal wouldfit better with a different working group, please feel free to engage with them.We ask tha t, once the POCs have been have been ident ified, you quickly assemble to begin refining andsynergizing your proposa ls. Each Chair should coordinate with their group to develop a 2 page maxsummary of the theme's research, along with a single combined budget. The summary should integratethe IC proposals as much as possible; however, it is f ine (for valid/justifiable reasons) to describe a fewunique projects that fall under th e theme as well. That is, if they don't make sense to int egrate , youdon't have to, but please be sure to include them in the summary. These summaries should be sent toLarry and me (cc Jordan GI adman) by noon on April 20. We wil l build off these summaries to generate adocument for Francis' review, whic h we ultimately hope will be informative as we prepare for apotentia l fourth supplement.The ask in short :Best,• April 15 at 5 pm - send your POCs to Jordan, who will then distribute the completedspreadsheet to the chairs• April 20 at 12 pm - chairs to send a 2 page summary of their theme (with comb ined budget)Tara A. Schwetz, PhDActing Director, NINRAssociate Deputy Director, NIHA: Building 1, Room 13-8- --=-:,~ P: (b)(6) I M: (b)(6)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent : Thu, 16 Apr 2020 01:58:31 +0000To: Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [E)Cc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El;Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [El;Wolinetz, Carrie(NIH/OD) [El;Bur klow, John (NIH/O D) [El;Fine, Amanda (NIH/OD) [El;Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIA ID) [E];Billet,Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E];Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [El;Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: RE: FOR YOUR REVIEW: Draft ACTIV News ReleaseAttachments : OD_ACTIV_PPP _Release_ 4.15.2020 - with minor trac ked edits.docxLooks good. See my very minor t racked edits in attached document.Than ks,TonyFrom: Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [El ------- (b)( > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 9:50 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Cc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) (El (b)( ; Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [El(b)(6) Wol inetz, Carrie (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6)•>; Burklow, John'":":"".".".""."':":-:-:-:-:-::-=====--=-=-:-=(NIH/OD) [El (b)(6); Fine, Amanda (NIH/OD) [El (b)( >; Lane, Cliff~======="'=r:.. (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6Ji; Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6J>; Stover,Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [El CbH >; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [El(b) (6) >Subject: FOR YOUR REVIEW: Draft ACTIV News ReleaseHi Dr. Fauci:Dr. Collins asked that I send the draft ACTIV release for you review.Best,RenateRenate Myles, MBADeputy Director for Public AffairsOffice of Communications and Public LiaisonNational Institutes of HealthTel: (b)(6)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent : Wed, 15 Apr 2020 22:26:51 +0000To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Cc: Greg Folkers (bH ;Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID)[E];Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID ) [CJSubject:Attachments:Patty:FW: AIRI Presents Dr. Fauci with 2020 Public Service AwardFauci 2020 AIRI Public Service Award Letter .pdfPlease put together (or have Kim do so) a letter of thanks, honor, and appreciation ... yadayada . So that they know I have received the lette r and look forward to receiving it at anappropriate tim e.Thanks,TonyFrom: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6)>Sent : Wednesday, April 15, 2020 4:54 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElCc: Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [El~======-~Subject: FW: AIRI Presents Dr. Fauci with 2020 Public Service AwardCong rats, Tony! Please try to take a minute to savor this. Or at least 15 seconds. QFrancisFrom: Parker, Nicole <Nicole@lewis -burke .com>Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 4:10 PM -----~~ To: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)>; Wolinetz, Carrie (NIH/OD) [E](b)(6) ; Hallett, Adrienne (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6) 1>; Lauer, Michael"('.N -"::l-"H:."/-':.0-'::-D::-):- -[:E-::::]- ;;:::::=====:::;.___., (ab~"~'(<6") >Cc: O'Hare, Libby <libby@lewis-burke.com >Subject: AIRI Presents Dr. Fauci with 2020 Public Service AwardGood Afternoon ,On the behalf of the Association of Independent Research Institutes (AIRI), I wanted to notify you thatAIRI has awarded Dr. Tony Fauci with its 2020 Public Service Award in recognition of his exemplaryleadership during the novel coronav irus pandemic. The AIRI Public Service Award is the highest honorawarded by our organ izat ion and we're very pleased to present th is award to Dr. Fauci. A list of pastawardees can be fo und here.Please see the official award letter attached and let us know any questions .Regards,Nicole Parker, Ph.D.AIRI Washington Office - lewis-Burke Associates, LLC440 1st Street NW Suite 700Washington, DC 20001202-289-7475Nicole@lewis-burke.comwww.lewis-burke.comDisclaimer: This message is intended only for the named recipient. If you are not the intended recipientyou are notified that disclosing, copying , distributing or taking any action in reliance on the contents of thisinformation is strictly prohibited.From:Se nt:To:Subject:Attachment s:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Wed, 15 Apr 2020 15:57:38 +0000Awwad, David (NIH/NIAID} [C]Threat assessment 4/14Total Fauck Up, Re: Finis Covid Opus, Re: Total Fauck Up, UntitledFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Wed, 15 Apr 2020 10:45:28 +0000Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC;Troye, Olivia EOP/NSCSubject: RE: Does G6PD Deficiency Relate to COVID-19 Infection? I Med Page TodayThe issue also comes up when people are on certain drugs.From: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC- ---------- (b)(6)> Sent: Wed nesday, April 15, 2020 6:16 AMTo: Troye, Olivia EOP/NSC(b)(6)--------- (b)( ; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: Re: Does G6PD Deficiency Relate to COVID-19 Infection? I MedPage TodayThis one always comes up when we have differential responses to an infection --------- (bXS) PCP. - in HIV there are genetic links to better outcomes.From: "Troye , Nsc" Cb()6 )Date: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 at 11:03 PM ----------~ To: "Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC" ----------- CbH6J>",A nth ony Fauci [E]" (b) (6) >Subject: Does GGPD Deficiency Relate to COVID-19 Infection? I MedPage TodayFollow up article to some previous emails. Just wanted to send this your way.https://www.medpagetoday.com/infect iousdisease/covi d19/85929Olivia TroyeSpecial Advisor for Homeland Security and CounterterrorismOffice of the Vice PresidentWhite House Coronavirus Task ForceOffice: (b) (6)Mobile: -----(b)(6) (Does not receive texts)From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Attachments :Greg:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Wed, 15 Apr 2020 02:32:49 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E)Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIA ID) [El;Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: ASF - here that proposed op-ed for you and Dr. Birx penned by VP officeBirx.Fauci Op-Ed clean - with Fauci tracke d changes.docxNice job. I have made a few edits that are tracked into the attached document. Pleaseaccept the changes and submit back to them.Thanks,TonyFrom: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) (El -------- (b) ( >Sent: Monday, April 13, 2020 4:06 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El --------- (b)(6) Subject: ASF - here that proposed op-ed for you and Dr. Birx penned by VP officeASF- ------------ CbH5> Please review if/when u have a chance. CI ea n vers ion and tracked version.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b) ( >Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 7:20 PM ------~= To: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)( >Cc: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6J>;C onrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: RE: ASF / FW: proposed op-ed for you and Dr. Birx?From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Sent : Wednesday, April 8, 2020 5:13 PM ------= = To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El 4 CbH6?>iSubject: ASF / FW: proposed op-ed for you and Dr. Birx?From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6J>(b) (5)From: Miller , Darin B. EOP/OVP- ---------- (b)(6) Sent : Tuesday, April 7, 2020 3:07 PM -------~~ To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] <-i -------- (b)( ; Billet, Courtney (NIH/ NIAID) [E] (b )( 6)Subject: Courtney, Patric ia - op-ed by Fauci/Birx?Hi Courtney and Patricia,Thanks!Darin Mi llerDeputy Press SecretaryDirector of Strategic CommunicationsOffice of the Vice President(b)(6)(b) (5)(b) (6). (b) (5)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Wed, 15 Apr 2020 01:44:02 +0000To: Johnson, CarolynCc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El --------------- (b)(6JBillet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El;Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: RE: Washington PostAttachments: NIAID COVI0-19 Strategic Plan Final lOApril 2020.docxCarolyn:Thanks for the note. I understand that you will be hearing from Francis Collins on the PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP) that we have put together to comb ine the resources and assets ofind ust ry and the academic commu nity that is largely supported by NIH, particu larly NIAID in thecontext of COBID-19. It is the functional equiva lent of a National Strategy. We at NIAID and tosome extent othe r institutes are leveraging our vast clinical trials networks that we built forother infectious diseases, particularly, but not exclusive ly HIV/ AIDS, to provide the capacity toconduct clinic al tr ials (NIH-sponsored as well as industry -sponsored) for both vaccines andthe rapeutics fo r COVID-19. For your interest, I am attaching a copy (not yet released) of theNIAID Strategic Plan for COVID-19 Research. It is an outline that will be supplemented w ith animplementation plan.Best regards,TonyFrom: Johnson, Carolyn <Carolyn.Johnson@washpost.com>Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 10:23 ArvlTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El------- (=b)-.=.(.=6, )>Subject: Washington PostDear Tony,Is there a national strategy at the task force level to coordinate clinical research efforts nationally? Wehave heard lots of complaints that there isn't a national strategy. I talked to Cliff Lane about this, but wewant to give you the chance to respond.CarolynCarolyn JohnsonWashington Post202-334-6248 (desk)-----(b)(6) (cell)From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Wed, 15 Apr 2020 01:35:53 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: RE: Call with VP and Senators on Thursday 4/15I guess in person since I will have to be down there anywayFrom: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)( >Sent: Tuesday, Apr il 14, 2020 6:13 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/ NIAID) (E] (b)(6)Subject: FW: Call with VP and Senators on Thu rsday 4/15From: Edwards , Sara L. EOP/OVP ---------- (b) (6)>Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 4:43 PM ----------~~ To: McGuffee, Tyler Ann A. EOP/OVP (b)( ; Good-Cohn, Mered ith(CMS/OA) (b)(6)>; Shirley.Gathers (b)(6)(b) (5).,;_~~...:..!:======~;:----~- -"'."""':=========~ (b)(6); Amerau, Colin C LT USN JS J4 (USA) (b)(6) ,;Conrad, Pat ricia {NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6)>; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/ NIAID) [E)--------- (b)(6)>; Rom, Colin (FDA/OC) (b)(6)> Cc: Lankfo rd, Hannah A. EOP/OVP (b)( >Subject: Call with VP and Senators on Thursday 4/15Good afternoon,Vice President will be joining a call with Senate Democrats on Thursday April 16 at 1:00pm. The call willbe routed through the (b)(5) similar to last week 's call. Please have your principaldial into the (b) (5) at (b) (5) at 5 minutes prior to the start . They will be patched into the VicePresident and then together into the Senate calls.1PM-2PM Senate Demo cratic Caucus(b) (5lPlease confirm your principal Thursday 4/16phoneSecretary Steven Mnuchin, Department of the Treasury -by phoneAdministrator Seema Verm a, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services {CMS) - byDr. Anthony Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - by phoneDr. Stephen Hahn, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Food and Drug Administration -by phoneRear Admiral John Polowczyk, Vice Director for Logistics, J4 - by phoneAmbassador Debbie Birx, M.D., White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator - in-personThank you,Sara EdwardsOffice of the Vice PresidentFrom: (b)(6)Sent :To:Subject:Tue, 14 Apr 2020 13:55:46 -0400Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fwd: Dr. Fauci- FROM NBC4Attachments : image001.png , ATTOOOOl.htm, manuscript final draft revised.pdf,ATT00002.htmPlease check this out and respond as appropriate.Begin forwarded message:From: Melissa Moll et (b) < >Date: April 14, 2020 at 10:22:13 AM EDTTo: _____ (b)(6) , "Fauci, Anthony(NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6) , "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]"(bH6) >, "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]"'---~~-------- (b) (6) , Melissa Mollet (b) (6) "Mollet, Melissa (NBCUnive rsal, WRC)" <Melissa .Mollet @nbcuni.com> , Jeremy Schu lman<jschulman @schulmanbh.com >Subject: Dr. Fauci - FROM NBC4Hello Dr. Fauci,This is Melissa Mollet, reporter with NBC4 in Washington. I hope you are well -and safe - and are hanging in there during this unprecedented time. You have beendoing an incredible job.I know you 're ge tting a million emails, so my apo logies in advance. I really th inkthis information (attached and below) could help and I feel a re spon sibility to pass italong .There is an extremely promising COVID-19 therapy being used right now in Italy.The creator is a client o (b) (6) Bethesda law firm. The managing memberof that firm, Jeremy Schulman, is CC'd on this e-mail. The creator is willing to workwith the NIH to quickly bring his therapy to the U.S.Please reach out with any questions at all.Best-Melissa Molle tNBC Washington4001 Nebraska Avenue NWWashington, D.C. 20016-----(b)(6) (Cellular) Get Outlook for iOSFrom: Jake Schaller <jschaller@schulmanbh.com>Sent: Monday, April 13, 2020 5:36 PMTo: Mollet, Melissa {NBCUniversal, WRC)Subject : [EXTERNAL] Therapy for COVID-19; Results of Trial in ItalyMelissa,I wanted to expand a bit on the COVID-19 therapy I mentioned and provide someinformation about the man who is developing it . Hoping that you can get this into the righthands, as it seems like a very promising lead in this fight .The therapy, invented by Professor Claudio De Simone, has shown extremely encouragingresults in a preliminary trial at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University "La Sapienza"in Rome, Italy . Professor De Simone convinced the doctors there to start a trial on patientsaffected by COVID-19. Considering the excellent results obtained, the number of patientsenrolled is increasing day after day. Our firm became aware of these results directly fromProfessor De Simone, who has been a client of our managing partner, Jeremy Schulman,since 2015.The formulation employed in these patients at the La Sapienza Infectious Diseases Clinic ismanufactured in France and known as "SIVOMIXX." The product is a specialized blend ofeight different freeze-dried bacteria with considerable ant iviral and anti-inflammatoryactivity. Patients admitted to the clinic at La Sapienza, presenting as positive for COVID-19and with the typical symptoms of the disease, are being treated by oral bacteriotherapyutilizing SIVOMIXX. In each case, SIVOMIXX administration was followed by a dramaticimprovement in their conditions. The key takeaways are that use of SIVOMIXX correlatedwith fewer deaths (zero in the treated group), fewer patients transferred to the ICU, and adramatically reduced risk of patient intubations . The sponsors of the trial using SIVOMIXXare now beginning to enroll patients with severe cases who have been admitted to the ICU.Attached to this email is a confidential dossier about the SIVOMIXX product and asummary of the ongoing study. Upon request, I am also able to send you an Excel filecontaining the raw data from the study, so NIH can review them, with the understandingthat this should be treated as "highly confidential." Since the clinical tria l is continuing inItaly, we expect to have results covering additional patients on a rolling basis. Theresearchers conducting the study intend to publish their results in the coming weeks.However, considering the pandemic and the lack of effective treatment options, we wantto make NIH aware of Professor De Simone's therapy without any delay.SIVOMIXX is a relatively new formulation developed by Professor De Simone, currently inlimited commercial production at a manufacturing facility in France. Professor De Simonehas sufficient supply available to utilize with 100-150 COVID-19 patients immediately.Professor De Simone could, on his own, arrange a small-scale supply to use with hundredsof additional patients in the United States. He is willing to provide his current inventory ofthe product to the United States government. He expects that the Trump administrationcould quickly confirm the efficacy of SIVOMIXX to significantly improve symptoms ofCOVID-19 and reduce the duration of patient hospital stays. After that , Professor DeSimone is willing to collaborate with the administration to bring a large-scale production ofSIVOMIXX for use throughout the United States, Italy (where he was born), andSwitzerland (where he lives). Professor De Simone already has ongoing partnerships with anumber of manufacturing companies, including one in the United States, for theproduction of another one of his produc ts (Visbiome, referenced below). With appropr iateguidance and instruction from the Trump administration, we believe the U.S.manufacturing companies could re-tool to produce SIVOMIXX on a large scale withinseveral weeks .Professor De Simone (more information about him below) and Jeremy will do whatever ittakes to bring this critical therapy to as many Americans as possible on an urgent basis.Jeremy can be reached at anytime on his cell phone - (b)(6)Thanks so much for passing this on.Best,JakeAbout Professor De Simone. Professor De Simone is a world-renowned expert ingastroenterology and the inventor of several highly successful probiotic medical foods.Until 2010, he was an Associate Professor for the Infectious Diseases Group at theDepartment of Medicine and Surgery of the University of L'Aquila, Italy. Subsequently, hewas appointed Head of the Infectious Disease Department and Director of the AIDSCoordinat ion Group of the Abruzzi region, Italy. He is currently a retired Professor ofInternal Medicine, still collaborating with the University, and a Fellow of the AmericanGastroenterology Association. Professor De Simone's research specialt ies have been in thefields of immuno -pathogenesis of infectious diseases. He has published the results of hisresearch activities in over 200 scientific articles, reviews, case reports, and book chapt ers.Professor De Simone is both a researcher and a medical practitioner. He tests hislaboratory hypotheses in the university hospital clinic on patients with serious diseases. Hewas responsible for controlling the AIDS pandemic in Italy's Abruzzi region in the 1990's.Products developed according to Professor De Simone's know-how have shown positiveresults in patients with serious diseases. One of his signature formulations , known as the"De Simone Formulation," is now sold in the United States as "Vi sbiome ." The De SimoneFormulation has been the subject of more than 70 published human clinical trialsdemonstrating its efficacy in managing severe gastrointestinal symptoms from suchdiseases as ulcerative colit is, pouchitis, and liver diseases. Concerning pouchitis, the DeSimone Formulation is recognized by the world's professional gastroenterology societies asa "standard of care," an achievement that no other probiotic substance previously hasattained. The De Simone Formulation became the "gold standard" in its therapeu tic class.Its role in patient care has been endorsed in the guidelines published by the AmericanGastroenterology Association ("AGA"), the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization("ECCO"), and the British Society of Gastroenterology, as well as in the New EnglandJournal of Medicine .SCHULBMHANTTACHARYA
James "Jake" SchallerAttorneyj schaller@schulmanbh.comwww.SchulmanBH.comDirect: (240) 356-9508Cell: Cb(>6)Main Office:The Clark Building7500 Old Georgetown Road, Suite 901Bethesda, Maryland 20814Receptioni st: (240) 356-8550Fax: (240) 356-8558Bio-Tech Corridor Office:The GSK Building14200 Shady Grove Road, Suite 600Rockville, Maryland 20850The informa tion contained in this electronic message and any attached documentsmay be privileged, confident ial, and protected from disclosure . If you are not theintended recipient, please note that any review, disclosure, copying, distribution, oruse of the contents of this electronic message or any attached documents isprohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please destroy it andnotify us immediately by telephone (240-356-8550 ) or by electronic mail to thesender of this email. Thank you.Internal Revenue Service Circular 230 Disclosure: Schulman Bhattacharya , LLCdoes not provide tax advic e. In comp liance with IRS requir ements, you are onnotice that any advice contained in th is communication (including any attachments)is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i)avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing orrecommending to another party, for tax purposes, any transaction or matteraddressed herein.From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:All the best, MikeFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Tue, 14 Apr 202016:15:32 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C]FW: Mike Milken new Podcast Series: COVID-19 - will you join me as my guest?What do you think? Let us discuss.From: Michael Milken (mmilken@knowledgeu.com) <mmilken@knowledgeu.com>Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 5:16 AM ------ ~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)>Cc: Billie Griffin (bgriffin@knowledgeu.com) <bgriffin@knowledgeu.com>; Katie Dinsmore(kdinsmore@knowledgeu.com) <kdinsmore@knowledgeu.com>Subject: Mike Milken new Podcast Series: COVID-19 - will you join me as my guest? All the best, MikeDear Tony , I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to see if you had a few minutes to talkover the next few weeks. I recently began hosting a daily podcast that focuses on the COVID-19pandemic and responses from thought leaders across industries - I would like for you to joinme as my guest. I have also reached out to Hugh Auchincloss as well but still waiting to hear.Our guests so far include Francis Collins, Alex Gorsky, David Baltimore(Nobe/ Laureate}, JimAllison(Nobe/ Laureate)/Pam Sharma, Jo Ann Jenkins, Eric Schmidt, Rod Hochman, Carmine DiSibio, Arie Belldegrun, Peggy Hamburg, Rodney McMullen, Bruce Broussard, Vas Narasimhan ,Joe Tsai, Steve Ballmer, Jeff Skoll, Sue Desmond-Hellmann, Rob Manfred, Judy Faulkner, BobBradway, Tai Zaks, Ray Dalio, David Solomon, Barbara Humpton, Dr. Steven Rosenberg, Dr.Richard Stone, Dr. Kurt Newman, Vivek Ramaswamy, Francis deSouzaI record the interviews on Mondays, Wednesdays-Fridays start ing at 7:30 a.m. Pacific/10 :30a.m. Eastern. Each episode will last 10-20 minutes . Our team would get you set-up to joinremotely by phone.The inte rviews are available on the Milken Inst itute website as well as on Spotify and ApplePod casts .. I opened up the series with Francis Collins a few weeks ago, click here to have alisten.If you're interested in joining me, my team (copied) will circle back to you with another emaildetailing the subject matter and technical informat ion.Please stay safe & healthy.All the best,MikeFrom:Sent:To:(b)(6)Tue, 14 Apr 202010 :32:21-0 400Tengiz TsertsvadzeSubject: Re: US-Georgia biomedical collaborationTengiz:Thank you for your kind note. I am pleased to see that Georgia has controlled the outbreakvery well. Stay well.Best regards,TonyOn Apr 14, 2020 , at 10:24 AM, Tengiz Tsertsvadze -------- (b)(6,)>wrote:Dear Dr. Fauci,I am writing this letter on behalf of the community of infectious diseases specialistsof Georgia to express our deepest respect to you. I recall with great pleasure all ourprevious meetings, espec ially the last one in 2017 , when 1, together with my teammembers , had an opportunity to visit you at NIH.We are grateful to you and your team for the most important contribution toestablishing US-Georgia biomedical collaboration that significantly increased ourcountry's research and practical capacities. Your personal role in combat ing HIVand other emerging epidemics such as SARS, MERS, Zika, Ebola, canno t beoverestimated. I am confident that your leading role in this fight against COVID-19will be crucial for defeating the pandemic not only in the United States, but aroundthe globe.We close ly follow your briefings and interviews on COVID-19 (including recentvery interesting convers ation with Dr. Howard Bauchner at JAMA) and as alwaysyour views are very apt and to the point. We fully agree that the approaches yousuggest are the most effective way to defeat the pandemic. Most importantly yourrecomme ndations are applicable not only to the United States, but to other countriesas well and we eagerly take them into consideration while planning our strategieshere in my country of Georgia .I would like to use this opportunity to update you on COVID-19 situation in myhome countty of Georgia : The country quickly responded to this threat fu st bystopping flights with China in January, followed by more strict measures after thefirst case was diagnosed on February 26. These measures included nationallockdown , active contact tracing, isolation and quarantine . The Government ofGeorgia appointed me to lead the Nat ional Committee on the clin ical managementof COVID-19. Our effort to contain the spread of the virus had been effective so farwith 296 cases of COVID-19 and 3 lethal cases reported up to now.We are impatiently awaiting results of vaccine and therapeutic trials supported byNIAJD, which I am confident will help to defeat this pandemic disease . On our side,Georgia is committed to make its modest but important contrib ution to the globalefforts.Sincerely,Tengiz Tsertsvadze , MD, PhDDirector General , Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clin ical Immunology ResearchCenterProfessor of Medicine , I vane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University<photo.jpg>From:Sent :To:Subject:responseAttachments:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Tue, 14 Apr 2020 03:29:04 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [E]FW: Covid-19 logical treatment strategy based on patient's immunologicalMEDRXIV-2020-058420v1-Gali Filho.pdfFrom: Julio Gali (b)(6)Sent: Monday, April 13, 2020 12:34 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]-------= (b-):(=-6)Subject: Covid-19 logical treatment strategy based on patient's immunological responseGood afternoon Dr. Anthony Fauci.After reading a lot of papers and studying basic science we have elaborated a treatmentapproach to the disease.(b)(4)Julio C. Gali Filho, MDResearch and Development, JJMED, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil(b)(6)(b)(6)Julio C. Gali , MD, PhDDepartment of OrthopaedicsFaculty of Medical Science and HealthCatholic University of Sao PauloSorocaba/SP- Brazil(b)(6)(b)(6)(b) (4)From:Sent :To:Subject:Fred:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Tue, 14 Apr 2020 02:13:45 +0000Hiatt, FredRE: fred checking inThank you for you kind note. Am glad to hear that Joe is working on COVID-19. We need allthe brightest minds we can get on th is problem. Stay safe and well.Best regardsTonyFrom: Hiatt, Fred <fred .hiatt@washpost .com>TSoen: tF:a Mucoin, Adanyth, oAnpyr il( N1I3H, /N20IA2I0D )2 :3[E0] --PM-- -------------=-(-b):(6-) = Subject: fred checking inTony,I haven't wanted to bother you, but wanted to say thanks for all you are doing, and hope you are at leastto a small extent finding a way to take care of yourself .H is hard at work at (b)(6)on a couple of coronavirus projects, so we're counting on him.Of course any time you want to write something, our page is available.Warmly,FredFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElTue, 14 Apr 2020 02:03:49 +0000Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [ElCc: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E];Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD);Birx, Deborah L.EOP/NSCSubject: RE: Support for a "U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps"Great idea!!From: Glass, Roger (NIH/Fie) (E] ------- (b) (6)>Sent : Monday, April 13, 2020 12:50 PM ------ --~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6),_;_:....;;.=:::===,~~"""."".".'~ Cc: Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [El_ _____ C_~b< >; Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/Fl() [E](b) (6) >Subject: Support for a "U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps"Hi Tony,Greet ings from --------------------- (b)(6)It's been good to see all the calls for ramping up a public health workforce to manage contact tracingand other aspects of the second phase of the response. I wanted to let you know that Peter Kilmarx hasbeen calling for the formation of a "U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps" since March 21 (unrelated to NIHwork). FEMA could hire thousands of tempo rary workers quickly with existing authorities and funding.CDC could provide training and technical assistance. The workforce would be deployed to and managedby state and local health departments at their request. There's a lot of enthusiasm for this from JeffDuchin in Seattle, to Tom Frieden, CSIS, ASTHO, and 40 members of Congress (bicameral, bipartisan)who sent a letter to FEMA asking them to do this. The 7,000+ recently evacuated Peace Corpsvolunteers could be one recruiting source. Anoth er approach is for CDC to fund state and localauthorities for those who are able to hire at this speed and scale. There's more information in the stringbelow.This workforce issue is now such a critical part of the response, I wanted to share with you whatwe've learned and offer to help in any way.Tony, all of NIH is so proud of your leadership and rooting for you to get this outbreak under control.Please keep up fight and let us know if and how we can help.Warm wishes,RogerFrom: Kilmarx, Peter {NIH/FIC) [E]Sent: Monday, April 13, 2020 8:45 AMTo: 'Conover, Craig' (b)(6) 'Angela Dunn' (b)(6) 'CindyBurnett' -------(b)(6J>; 'Duchin, Jeff' ---------- (b)(6Ji>;'S tephen Morrison'(b)(6)l>; 'John Monahan '!(b)(~>; 'Jeremy Konyndyk I(b)(<> ~>; 'Rebecca Katz'((b)(6)]>; 'Glenn Blumhorst' I(b)(6)j>; 'Charles Holm es'(b)(~'(b)(6)j; 'Tom Ingles by'(b) <6>t>G; lass, Roger ( NIH/FIC) [El(b)(6)j>; 'Marcus Plescia' I (b)(6>;>; 'Vanessa Kerry'(b)(6)Jg>; 'Kenyon, Thomas'(b)(6)l>; 'Scott Dowell' !(b) (6)); 'suzannemarks@me.com '(b)(6)j>; 'Anna Carro 11'(b)(6l>; 'Jonathan Pearso n'(b)(6)jEileen'! (b)(6)]>; 'Myers, Michael' ! (b)(6)]>; 'Robyn>; 'O'Connor,n Leidig'(b)(6)j>; 'Ariel Pablos'I (b)(~; 'Gavin Varney'(b) (6)J>; 'Jody Olsen' I (b) <6~>; Bialy, Kevin ( NI H/FIC) [E] r (bH6)j>; 'John Auerbach' .r- (bT(lih; Brooks, John T.(CDC/00I0/NCHHSTP/DHPSE)I (bH6>i>';D ara Lieberman ' ! (b)( 6)>; DavidGittelman I (b)(li);>Subject: RE: COVID-19 Response CorpsHi all,Updates:1. Johns Hopkins and ASTHO released "A National Plan to Enable Comprehensive COVID-19 CaseFinding and Contact Tracing in the U.S." calling for 100,000 contact tracers . (Kudos!) "Potentialworkforce recruits may include ... Peace Corps members. 11http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs archive/pubs-pdfs/2020/a-nationalplan-to-enable-comprehens ive-COVI 0-19-case-fi nd ing-a nd-contact-tracing-i n-the-US. pdf2. WaPo article : "A plan to defeat coronavirus finally emerges, but it's not from the White House"covers the JHU/ASTHO plan and notes: "Experts [CSIS] have proposed transforming the PeaceCorps into a nat ional response corps that could perform many tasks, including contact t racing."(Not quite accurate. Peace Corps would be unchanged, but the evacuated volunteers would behired into COVI0-19 response.j3. NY Times editorial from Tom Frieden calls for a "giant public health effort ." "Recruits couldinclude Peace Corps volunteers who were brought home when the pandemic spread."https:l/www.nytimes.com/2020/04/12/opinion/cdc-coronavirus.html4. Bill introduced by Sens. Susan Collins (R-ME), Chris Murphy (D-CT) and Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)would require federal agencies and departments facing special hiring needs during thepandemic to establish a process to expedite hiring of returned Peace Corps volunteershttps ://riponadva n ce. com/stories/ col I ins-bi pa rtisa n-bill-wou ld-e nsu re-benefi ts-for-evacuatedpeace-corps-vol unteers/5. From March 29: Policy report from former FDA Commissioners Scott Gottlieb and MarkMcClellan calls for "massively" scaling contact tracing. "Surge the existing public-healthworkforce to conduct case finding and contact tracing." https;//www.aei.org/researchproducts/report/na t ional-coronavirus-response-a-road -map-to-reopening/6. Mark McClellan responded to my email yesterday: "I'd suggest adding outreach to mayors andcounty execs if that hasn't happened yet. They are really on the front lines for this next phase."7. I understand legislation is in the works, but don't have details.8. No news from FEMA or indicat ion to my knowledge that they are planning a substantial rampingup of staffing.9. A key limitation on the impact of contact tracing will be the relative importance ofasymptomatic spread.10. A note on serology: The current U.S. cumulative incidence is 0.169%. The specificity of FDA EUACellex test is 95.6%. Not accounting for undiagnosed cases, Positive Predictive Value is only3.5%. If underdiagnosis is 10:1, the PPV is sti ll only 26.8%. Will be higher in higher-riskindividuals, of course.Any other updates please send to me.Advocacy needed for scaling up public hea lth work force especially with governors and mayors.PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E)Sent : Friday, April 10, 2020 1:53 PMTo: 'Conover, Craig'( (b)(6J;>; 'Angela Dunn' !Burnett' ( (b) C6J i>; 'Duch in, Jeff(b)(6);>; 'John Monahan '(Cb) (6)}; 'Jeremy Konyndyk rCbH6)j>';R ebecca Katz'I(b)(6)1>; 'Glenn Blumhorst' I(b) (6)\; 'Cindyrison'es'(b)(6),>; 'Stephen Mor(b)(6)]>; 'Charles Holm(b)(6)j)'CbH6)}'T; om Ingles by'(b)(6):>; Glass, Roger (N IH/FIC) [E](b)(6Ji; 'Marcus Plescia' I (b)(6)t>; 'Vanessa Kerry'(b)(6)1>; 'Kenyon, Thomas'!(b)(6)J>; 'Scott Dowell'r(b) (6)1>; 'suzannemarks@me.com '(b)(6)}>; 'Myers, Michael' r(b)(6)h; 'Ariel Pablos'f(b)(6)}; 'Anna Carrol I'(b)(6)j; 'Jonathan Pears on'(b) (6)>] ; 'O'Connor,(b)(6) Leidig' 1>; 'Robynn(b)(6)}; 'Gavin Varney'(b)(6)j>; 'Jody Olsen' I (b)(6)1>; Bialy, Kevin (NIH/FIC) [E]CbH6)}'J; ohn Auerbach' I (b) (6Jf;B rooks, John T.(CDC/OO1O/NCHHSTP/DHPS)IE (b)(~; 'Dara Lieberman ' (Subject: RE: COVID-19 Response Corps+ John Auerbach, president and CEO ofTrust for America's HealthThanks all for the robust discussion. Some updates:(b) (6)j >1. ASTHO sent the attached memo to Congress today RE: Contact Tracing Workforce calling for"flexible long term and emergency supplemental funding to expand the .. . contact t racingworkforce" at state, local, and related levels. It recommends against using FEMA for hiring.ASTHO notes tha t currently there are only 2,200 DIS nationw ide while JHU estimates that100,000 contact tracing employees are needed to address COVID-19 in the immediate future.The memo mainly calls for 1) $3.6 B emergency funding through the CDC Crisis CooperativeAgreement to eligible jurisdictions, plus 2) a $4.5 B annual Public Health Infrastructure Fund.2. Resolve to Save Lives (Tom Frieden) is advocating for CDC to have the needed authority andpolitical support to provide tra ining, systems, and technical expertise, while the CDC Foundationand ASTHO provide staffing through direct assistance to health departments .3. CDC could support curriculum development and training through the National Network of STDClinical Prevention Training Centers https://nnptc .org/ and/or TB Centers of Excellencehttps://www.cdc.gov/tb/ education/tb coe/defau lt .htmMy take: We share the goal of rapid ly and substantially ramping up the public health workforce andshould emphasize that message. It would be very challenging for any of these potential approaches toreach 100,000 in the short term. I don't have any special allegiance to FEMA, but their traditional role inemergency response is quickly hiring many thousands of workers. They are hiring now, but not at thisspeed and scale. CDC and FEMA should have an MOU through which FEMA can hire staff and detail toCDC, but they don't seem to be pursuing. One model could be FEMA detailing staff to state and localauthorities to manage the hiring process. FEMA is proud of their ability to get people from "door todesk" in one week. This would not be "federalizing" contact tracing or other public health activities. Inall cases, the invitations and the oversight wou ld come from the state and local authorities, who arebest able to decide what mechan ism(s) work for them. Lastly, this concept includes more than contacttr acing. Congresswoman Susan Brooks (R-IN) in her podcast Wednesday noted that the state 211 callline has gone from 2,000 to 25,000-35,000 calls per day. So this concept would still have a role even ifnot direct public health functions .Thanks,PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]Sent: Friday, April 10, 2020 8:05 AMTo: Conover, Craig <f (b)(6J,>; Angela Dunn <f (b) (6)); Cindy BurnettCbH6)]>;D uchin, Jeff Cb)( 6))>;S tephen MorrisonCbH6))>J;o hn Monahan ( (b)(6)j_>C; harles Holm es(b) (6)}>; Jeremy Konyndyk I (b) (6)))(b) (6)]; Rebecca Katz I (b)(6)1>; Tom Ingles byCbH6))>G; lenn Blumhors t l CbH6>>i; Glass, Roger (N IH/FIC) [E)CbH(i)J>M; arcus Plescia CbH6)j>;V anessa KerryCbH6))>; Kenyon, Thomas [(b)(<>Jt>S;c ott Dowell !(b)(6)j;[Cb)( 6)]>; Myers, MichaelCbH6))>; Ariel Pablosr(b)(6)]>; Jody Olsen!(b) (6)]>CbH6))A; nna Carr ollCbH6l>;J onathan Pear sonCb()6 ));O 'Connor, Eileen(b)(~>; Robynn Leidi gCbH6))>G; avin YameyCbH6))>; Bialy, Kevin (NIH/FIC) [ESubject: COVID-19 Response Corps - CDC calling for public health armyThanks Craig. This NEJM article is main ly about heath care workers, but does mention ot her roles insocial support.Important development : CDC's Bob Redfield is calling for a publ ic health army for contact tracing afterthis acute phase:https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/10/831200054/cdc-director-very-aggressivecontact-tracing -needed-for -u-s-to-return-to -normalIt turns out that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been working on a plan to allow theU.S. to safely begin to scale back those policies . CDC Director Robert Redfield spoke with NPR onThursday, saying that the plan relies on not only ramped -up testing but "very aggressive" contact tracingof those who do test positive for the corona virus, and a maj or scale-up of personnel to do the necessarywork.I'm not sure CDC has the authority, capacity, or politica l support to hire an army at this t ime. This is at radit ional FEMA role. CDC can prov ide train ing and technical assistance.PKFrom: Conover, Craig ________ Cb _H_6)Se nt: Friday, April 10, 2020 7:27 AMTo: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]1 (b)(6),>; Angela Dunn1 (b)(ij >; CindyBurnett ( CbH6)]>; Duch in, Jeff I Cb)<~ >; Stephen MorrisonCbH61>) ; John Monaha n <Jr Cb()6 );] Charles Holmes(b)(6)J; Jeremy Konyndyk I (b)(6>: )(b) (6)]; Rebecca Katz I (b)(6)1>; Tom lnglesby(b)(6)]; Glenn Blumhors tl (b)(6)]>; Glass, Roger {NIH/Fl C) [ElCbH6)]; Marcus Plescia( (b)(6)j>; Vanessa KerryCb)( 6)>] ; Kenyon, Thoma s! CbH6)>] ; Anna CarrollCb()6 );] Scott Dowell (b)(6)]>; Jonathan PearsonCbH6)] O'Connor, Eileen(b)(6)J>; Myers, Michae l I CbH6l>; Robynn LeidigCb()6 )1>; Ariel Pablos r CbH6)]>; Gavin Yamey(b) (6)]Subject: NEJM- ensuring and sustai ning a pandemic workforceattachedFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E] _______ CbH_6)>Sent: Wed nesday, April 8, 2020 5:53 PMTo: Conover, Craig( (b)(6), ; Angela Dunn I Cb)C6)]; Ci ndy BurnettCbH6)]>; Duchin, Jeff ( (b)(6)>; Stephen Morrison(b)(6)]>; John Monaha n( (b)(6))>; Charles HolmesCb)( 6)1>; Jeremy Konyndyk r (b) (6)])(b) (~ >; Rebecca Katz I (b)( 6)1>; Tom lnglesby(b)(6)1>; Glenn Blumhors tl (b)(~ >; Glass, Roger (NI H/FIC) [El(b)(6)]>; Marcus Plescia! (b) (6)]>; Vanessa KerryCbH6)]>; Kenyon, Thomas !(b) (6h ; Scott DowellEileen( Cb)(6 )]; Mye rs, Michael ICbH6)]>; Ariel Pablosl(b) (6)1>Subject : [Extern al] RE: UPDATE: COVI0-19 Response CorpsWelcome Marcus Plescia, chief medical officer of ASTHO!Updates:CbH6)]>; Anna CarrollCbH6>>:; Jonathan Pearson(b) (6)j O'Connor,CbH6)]>; Robynn Le idigCbH6)]>; Gavin Yamey1. CSIS podcast "Coronavirus Crisis Update" with Congresswoman Susan Brooks (R-IN). Shecosigned the CSIS OpEd with Ami Bera on the CRC and opens the episode with a discussion ofengaging the returned Peace Corps volunteers httos://www.csis.org/oodcasts/takedirected/coronavirus-crisis-update-hunker-down-hoosiers -congresswoman-susan-brooks (This isa great series by the way.)2. On Mar 27, 2020, Congressman Mike Quigley (D-IL-05) introduced the Mobilizing America toHelp Act, "which would direct President Trump to invoke his existing authority to detail PeaceCorps volunteers who have returned to the US from their posts, to the Federal EmergencyManagement Agency (FEMA) to support emergency relief in the wake of COVID-19."https:l/guigley.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/guigley-urges-trump-assign-peacecorps-volunteers-covid-19-emergency3. Baltimore Sun column DAN RODRICKSA, PR 03, 2020, "Put Peace Corps volunteers to work onU.S. soil to fight COVID-19": https://www.baltimoresun.com/op inion/co lumnists/danrodricks/bs-md-rodricks-0405-20200403-viqbgjhwsnhe3fuqzy72nfcsoe-story.html4. Good conversations with Marcus @ASTHO and others today. Important to emphasize that stateand local authorities have the lead. This would not be "federaliz ing" the response. It would bemaking federal employees available by request to integ rate in state- and local-led activities.Some will welcome the extra hands. Some will prefer to have funding to do their own hiring.Paying salaries of state employees at risk for furlough to work on COVID-19 will make a lot ofsense, but won't be enough. Need a menu of options .5. Many concepts and plans for public health and social response are being circulated. All of themwill need an expanded workforce.Outreach:6. I'm in touch with someone in Adam Boehler's office . Other outreach welcome.7. I emailed Peggy Hamburg. No reply yet. Other outreach welcome.8. Anyone who can contact Scott Gottlieb?9. Here again is Monday's list: NGA and individual governors. Republicans who will be mostinterested and helpful are Baker {MA), DeWine (OH) and Hogan (MD). Democrats: Cuomo,Pritzker, Newsom, Whitmer, lnslee. AMA, ASTHO (done), APHA all good potential championsPlease amplify these links on social media.Other updates and suggestions welcome as always. Send to me and I can send to others in a digest toreduce email traffic.Thanks,PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E)Sent: Tuesday, April 7, 2020 8:19 AMTo: 'Conover, Craig'< (b)(6)>; 'Angela Dunn' (b)(6) 'Cindy-B-u-rn-e=tt' =~~;--:-:--(b-):(6-)>-; -'-Duchin-,- J-e-ff= =======~~:-("b) ( >; Stephen Morrison (b)(6J_>; 'John Monahan' (b)(6J t>; 'Charles Holmes'(b)(6b; 'Jeremy Konyndyk (b)(6)' =======~~-:--~- (b )( 6), ; 'Rebecca Katz' (b)(6); 'Tom lnglesby' ---======~~----:- _.!:=========~~- ' -------(b)(6)>; 'Glenn Blumhorst' (b)(6J>; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) (E]...:======(b)(=6)=1>; ='Va-n.e;s.s.a. .K,e:r-ry:' -"-":---=- :-:-:--.:===(b)=(6)=· 'K=en=yo:n~, T;-ho'.m"a:s''" ""' (b)(6); 'Anna Carroll' (b)( >; 'Scott Dowell'CbH6)>; 'Jonathan Pearson' ---~:-:":""-:.=====Cb=H6=)>;= -.=..-;,-= ----~~-===:!.=====:=~~""C"bH.6"); "'O-'Con_no.r,. .E:i_le_e n '. .!:::=====:=.~(b)(~6) -- (b)(6)'Myers, Michael' (b)(6)>; 'R_oby:n.n. L_eid_ig.' ....:::..::=~~-(b-)( -->; -'A-rie-l Pa b Io s' (b)(6)>; 'Gavin Varney' (b)( >Subject: UPDATE: COVID-19 Response Corps - FEMA challengesHere's a report about a challenge I didn't see until this morning. I don't know if grants to state and localauthorities would be quicker than federal hiring by FEMA. Either way, the workforce is needed, but willtake longer than one would like.https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/03/climate/fema-staff-s hortage -coronavirus.htmlFEMA, Racing to Provide Virus Reliet Is Running Short on Front-Line StaffWASHINGTON - The Federal Emergency Management Agency, the office leading the federalgovernment's coronavirus response nationwide, is running short of employees who are trained in someof its most important front -line jobs, according to interviews with current and former officials.At the same time, the agency has been forced to halt a major hiring initiative, and has closed trainingfacilities to avoid spreading the infection.The number of available personnel who are qualified to lead field operations has fallen to 19 from 44 inless than six weeks, and staff members have been pulled from responding to other disasters, but trainingcenters in Maryland and Alabama have been shuttered until mid-May. In addition, an effort to recruitnew employees called "Harness" is on hold, according to a senior administration official with directknowledge of FEMA's operations . ...Craig Fugate, who ran the agency during the Obama administration, said FEMA's ability to deployenough people was a significant challenge. "Can it be done? Yeah," Mr. Fugate said. "Will it be pretty?No."From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E)Sent : Monday, April 6, 2020 5:22 PM_T_o_: C_o nover,; _C_r_a;ig~ ~~-:--""".""'"'::-:-=(=b)=(6=) ,>~; .A..n.g.:e:l:a.. .D ..u.n._ n, ~~--:--""""'.""~"("b):("6)'>";" -Cindy Burnett(b)(6); Duchin, Jeff (b)(6); Stephen Morrison =====~~:;--" --:;:::::::=========~=~ (b)(6)>; John Monahan (b)(6); Charles Holmes(b)(6) >; Jeremy Konyndyk (b)(6) ...:========-~~-=--:--- (b)( >; Rebecca Katz (b)(6) Tom lnglesby =====~~-':""".""' --!============:~~ ===== (b=)~(6~) >,;;, Glenn Blumhors t Cb)( ; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E)(b)(6); Vanessa Kerry (b)(6)>; Kenyon, Thomas :'.i========~~ ----:-:.:::::=======:~;--- (b )( 6) >; Anna Carroll (b)( >; Scott Dowell...:::======~~;-:-:C-b:)( 6-)>-;- Jonathan Pearson ========~(b)( 6) O'Connor, Eileen: =========(b=)(6:)>:; ,~My; e,r.s, Michael (b)( >; Robynn Leidig (b)(6) Ariel Pablos =====~~ ........ (b)(6)>; Gavin Varney (b)( _______ _,Subject: NEWS: Bera-Brooks OpEd published in support of COVID-19 Response Corps(b)(6)Welcome Vanessa Kerry!Welcome Ariel Pablos-Mendez!Welcome Gavin Yamey!Hi all,1. The OpEd is out on the CSIS website: https://www.csis.org/analysis/covid-19-response-corpscan-help -stop-pandemic It is co-authored by Congresswoman Susan Brooks (R-IN) andCongressman Ami Bera (D-CA), members of the CSIS Commission on Strengthening America'sHealth Security. Thanks very much to Steve Morrison for making this happen.2. Here's the link to the press release on the 40-member letter to FEMA, Peace Corps, and CNCSfrom Senator Van Hollen:a. https ://www. vanhol len .senate.gov /news/press-releases/ sen-van-hol len-rep-ph ill ips-1e ad -bi pa rti san -bicam era 1-e1t ters- in -su pp ort-of-pea ce-co rps-am e ri co rps-volunteersb. Includes link to letter:vanhollen.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Peace%20Corps%20covid19%20service%20opportunties%201etter%2004.02.20.pdfWith this new, bipart isan OpEd, it's time to reach out to national, state and local author ities andopinion leaders to encourage implem entati on and create demand. Suggestions from one of us: NGAand individual governors. Republicans who will be most interested and helpful are Baker (MA), DeWine(OH) and Hogan (MD). Democrats: Cuomo, Pritzker, Newsom, Whitmer , lnslee . AMA, ASTHO, APHA allgood potential champions .Please also amplify on socia l media.Updates and suggestions welcome as always.PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]Sent: Sunday, April 5, 2020 8:45 AMTo: Conover, Craig( CbH6)]A; ngela Dunn I (b)(6)]; Cindy Burnett(b)(6); Duch in, Jeff <f (b)(6);>; Stephen MorrisonCb)( 6}]J;o hn Monahan I (b)(6)J>; Charles Holm es(b)(6)J>; Jeremy Konyndyk ~ (b) (6),)(b) (~>; Rebecca Katz I (b)(~>; Tom Ingle sby(b) (6}]_>G; lenn Blumhors t q (b)(6) 1>; Glass, Roger (N IH/Fie) [E)Cb)< 6>Ki;e nyon, Thomas I (b)(~ Anna CarrollCb)( 6);>; Scott Dowell CbH6):>J; onathan Pear sonCbH6l;) O'Connor, Eileen(b)(6)l>; Myers, Michael I Cb)( 6)1;R obynn Leidi g(b)(~ >Subject: UPDATES: Next steps on COVID-19 Response CorpsThanks all for our call Friday. {Glenn, Jonathan, Craig, Jeremy, Roger, Anna, Suzanne, Eileen, Michi2iel.)A few items from the call:• Jonathan reported Sen Markey's office working on legislation for 10,000+ (?) responseworkforce• Michael reported positive response from National Governors Association• Eileen reaching out to Tom Bossert. Adam Boehler not yet . Shared Op Ed in WSJ emphasizingtest ing - https://www.wsi.com/articles/testing-is-ou r-way-out-11585869705• Jeremy has an OpEd in Daily Beast with Beth Cameron -https://www.thedailybeast.com/coronavirus-shows-we-need -an-apollo-project-for-publichealth• Craig in touch with Durbin's office. IL has ongoing need for large workforce. Much easier to getstaff from feds. Slower to hire at state level. MA implementing 1,000-person contact tracingeffort.• John in touch with Pelosi's office, Delaura, Conf of Mayors, League of Cities.• Other potential champions -AST HO, APHA, Josh Scharfstein @JHSPH• General agreement that for bipartisan emergency approval should emphasize near-term (e.g., 2year) impe ratives of COVID-19 and economic emergencies, not a new permanent wor k force.• General agreement that Peace Corps is the low-hanging frui t, but not all 7,000 RPCVs would dothis and the need is much greate r.• CSIS OpEd with Ami Bera (D-CA) and Susan Brooks (R-IN) coming out in Politico or CSIS websiteby MondayOther updates:• Telcon Friday with Brooks staffer. They are putting together legislation, ideally bipartisan withBera. Now fully briefed on CRC concept and potential implementation model. Clarified notduplicative of USPHS Ready Reserve Corps which is now authorized but not being implemented(to my knowledge) and would be different profile, i.e., USPHS has physicians, nurses, engineers,etc.• Telcon Saturday with CDC COVID-19 Chief Medical Officer . Confirms many are thinking aboutthe workforce issue. Notes that CDC unlikely to "own," but great suggestion to engage CDCfundedNational Network of STD Clinical Prevention Training Centers for training.https://nnptc.org/ with eight centers around the country. CRC concept may be brought tonational response discussions with FEMA in Washington DC.• FEMA contacts report they are hiring RPCVs, but do not report majo r speed up or scale up.FEMA recruiting email attached.• Charles shared Vanessa Kerry OpEd emphasizing same themes : response workforce and jobs:https ://www. boston hera Id. com/2020/04/01/ massach u setts-genera I-hos pita 1-i nfectio usdisease-tea m-ca I ls-on-state-to-harness-people-power/Next steps:• Executive - support/impetus to FEMA to increase speed and scale• Legislation - new appropriations for FEMA or CDC if needed• National advocacy- media, opinion leaders• Demand signal - state and local authorities requests• Implementation and management details working outOver all goal: Greatly increase COVID-19 response workforce to control disease and provide jobs. ACOVID-19 Response Corps would be a (big) part of solution. RPCV ideal first cadre for CRC.Please share any corrections, updates, suggestions.Thanks,PK-----Original Appointment-----From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]Sent : Thursday, April 2, 2020 5:34 PMTo: Conover, Craig; Angela Dunn; Cindy Burnett; Duchin, Jeff; Stephen Morr ison; John Monahan; CharlesHolmes; Jeremy Konyndyk (b)(6); Rebecca Katz; Tom lnglesby; Glenn Blumhorst;Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E]; Kenyon, Thomas; Anna Carroll; Scott Dowell; Jonathan Pearson;--------- (b)(6); O'Connor, Eileen; Myers, Michael; Robynn Leidig Subject:* ** Time correction - 8 am**~ Next steps on COVID-19 Response CorpsWhen: Friday, Apr il 3, 2020 8:00 AM-9:00 AM (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada).Wher e: Zoom meetingPeter Kilmarx (Fie Zoom2) is inviting you to a scheduled Zoom meeting. Zoom link below.Agenda:1. Welcome and introdu ctions2. Current status of advocacy3. Implementation issues4. Next steps:a. Advocacyb. Implement ation5. AOBTopic: Next steps on COVID-19 Response CorpsTime: Apr 3, 2020 08:00 AM Eastern Time (US and Canada)Join Zoom Meeting(b)(4)Meet ing ID: ___ CbC>4)One tap mobile+16465588656, }--- ~ (b~H=4>us(N ew York)+13126266799 ,J US (Chicago)Dial by vou r location- CbH4J (New York)Meeting ID:(Chicago)(Houston)(San Jose)-----(b) (4)Find your local numbe r: https://zoom.us/u/adl j8UhXNSFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [ElSent: Thursday, April 2, 2020 1:29 PMTo: 'Conover, Craig' (b)(6) >; 'Angela Dunn' (b)( 6)>; 'Cindy-B-ur-ne-tt-' !==~~~~(b)~ (6);· ' Duch i,n,, J.e:ff. ...---=======>=; St-ep~he;n- M' orrison (b) (6) ; 'John Mon ahan' (b) (6J>; 'Charles Holmes'=======~~--:~ (b:-) -(6J>; 'Jeremy Konyndyk (b)(6)'CbH >; 'Rebecca Katz' (b)(6J>; 'Tom lnglesby' =====~~----:~ --=========~~- . ====-~(b)(6~)>;- 'Glenn Blumhorst' CbH6J>;G lass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E] (b)(6)1>; 'Kenyon, Thomas' (b)( >; 'Anna Carroll'(b)(6) 'Scott Dowell ' (b)( 6);(b)(6); 'O'Connor, Eileen' ---------- (b)(6J>; 'Myers, Michael ' (b )( 6) >Subject: NEWS: Congressional letter to Peace Corps, CNCS, and FEMA on COVID-19 Response CorpsHi all,Big news. Herew ith is a letter signed by 40 members of Congress asking FEMA, Peace Corps, andAmeriCorps to form a "COVID-19 Response Corps." This is now in the publ ic domain. Press releaseforthcoming .Please save the t ime for Zoom call 8 am tomorrow on next steps.Also: Check out: http s://www.npr.or g/ sect ions/goat sandsoda/202 0/04/0 1/8252 31838/co ronavirussent-p eace-corp s-vo lunteers -home -it-could-also-give-them-a-new-missiThe National Peace Corps Association is hoping to create and fund a group that draws on the evacuatedvolunteers and their skills to respond to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States. Workers would take onwork like tracing the contacts of diagnosed individuals, monitoring the health of those in quarant ine andstaffing call centers . An agency such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Centers forDisease Control and Prevention or AmeriCorps could potentially manage the group, says Blumhorst, whohas been advocating for the project. Salaries could come from funding that's already been allotted to theCOV/0-19 response but hasn't yet been spent. The NPCA has discussed the idea with the offices of severalmembers of Congress that are receptive and support ive, Blumhorst says, and they're planning to speakwith more congresspeople and federal agencies and also hope to draw public atten tion to this potent ialproject.From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/ FIC) [E)Sent: Sunday, Marc h 29, 2020 4:47 PMTo: Conover, Craigl (b) (6J,>; Angela Dunn I (b) (~ >; Cindy Burnett=====~~:C:b"H6")}>"; Duchin, Jeff "':::========C=bH=6>>~;; S~te phen Morrison CbH6)/>; John Monahan! (b)(6)1>; Charles HolmesCb()6 ));J eremy Konyndyk I Cb)(6 )) =======~~:::---"'.""""- =====.~;-(b) -( 6~))> ; Rebecca Katz- -========~(b~)( ~~>; Tom lnglesby CbH~ >; Glenn Blumhors t CHb6>;i Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E) ======~ =· -------- (b)(6) ,>; Kenyon, Thomas ( (b)(6)1>; Anna Carroll(b) (6); Scott Dowell (b)(Jonathan Pearson (b)(6) ----------------------- Subject: INFO: Update on COVID-19 Response CorpsHi all and thanks for your support for a U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps engaging returned Peace Corpsvolunteers (RPCV). The latest (March 26) 2-page concept note attached.Updates:l. Steve is working on getting the Op Ed out in press and/or on CSIS website by Tuesday. We'll letyou know.2. Glenn and Charles have found very good recept ivity on the Hill.3. I've had a couple very good calls with FEMA folks at senior levels (extensive RPCV network) .They are already reaching out to RPCV and are well funded. They can get an RPCV on board in aweek. They have a few different hiring mechanisms that would be appropr iate. The scale andspeed need to be ramped up substant ially.4. I've reached out to contacts at nationa l mayors and governors associations with no reply. Alsono reply from CDC (Jernigan and Schuchat).Next steps - when OpEd comes out, amplify multiple levels to publicize and create demand .The need for this is great. The feasibility looks very good .Please share your suggestions .Thanks to all,PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/Fie) [ElSent: Tuesday, March 24, 2020 6:02 PMTo: Charles Holmes (b)(6) ; Angela DunnBurnett (b)(6)> ; Conover, Craig (b)(6) Duchin, Jeff(b) (6J_>; Cindy--....!:=====~~ (b)(6)> ; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [El (b)(6J_>; Glenn Blumhorst"".""."'--:---:::===========-~--- (b_H_6); Stephen Morrison (b)(6) JohnMonahan (b) <Subject: RE: Call - follow -up: COVID-19 Response CorpsHi again,A draft Op Ed attached . It is largely drawn from the concept note .Is there an appropriat e champion among us who can take this forward?Please share your suggestions and comments by noon tom orrow if possible.Thanks,PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E)Sent : Tuesday, March 24, 2020 2:17 PMTo: Charles Holmes (b)(6)> .....;======~~--:-:---:--:-- Cc: Angela Dunn (b)(6h ; Cindy Burnett (b)(6); Conover, Craig__ .:::____ --===::; (b:);(:~6-)::D--u-c-h:--in-, Je,ff ,.--___:___ _,,!::===::a (b~) ~< ">-; :G:::l-a-ss, Roger (NIH/FI C) [E ] =====~=----::-:--- -===========-;___;__~;...,.:..;.,_ __:-- (b)(6J>; Glenn Blumhorst (b)(6) --------==- ':'"'":----:----"..:==========~;:;:;--:;;--- Stephen Morr ison (b)(6); John Monahan (b)(6)Subject: RE: Call - follow-up: COVID-19 Response CorpsThanks Charles. This is very helpful.I've updated the concept note - att ached. Now a two-pager. Added t raining and prevention bullet .Decreased the numbers and budget based on feed back to date . Draft OpEd fort hcoming .Grateful if others can advocate as they are able (and others of us are not ).Glenn - please add anything on your meetings on the hill yesterday, the FEMA call, or advocacy plans.My takeaway is that a FEMA disaster corps or FEMA-Americorps Corps is feasible.More input:• Call yesterday with Glenn and former FEMA staff : George Haddow and Miche al Coeno FEMA Corps is a partnership of FEMA and Americorps with about 1,200-1,800members . Part of Americorps. FEMA pays 100%. Mainly younger, lower-skilledsupervised work.o FEMA reservist disaster corps has 3,000-4,000 members . Mostly shorter-termdeployments as temp employees. Many retired military. Can be activated withState of Emergency declarat ions.o FEMA currently has sent 3-4 liaisons to each state. Disaster corps not activated.o Onboarding 5,000 would be a big lift. Peace Corps has seconded staff to otheragencies in past, so t his could be an option .o Only private sector partner for FEMA is Red Cross. Not recommended for this.• Jen Kates (KFF) and her colleague Josh Michaud - "th ink it is a great idea"• Tom Frieden -"It's a good idea."o Robynn Leidig, Manager, Strateg ic Init iat ives, Resolve To Save Lives - "Compellingidea and worth exploring"• Concern about risk to RPCVs, training and oversight needed• Lack of PPE, best to focus on tasks that don't need PPE• Resentment of current staff worried about threat to their jobs• Fairness: should open to others - Amer icorps, VISTA, CDC PHAP, CSTEfellows, USAID Global Health Fellows• Manageme nt absorptive capacity limited at CDC. Consider ASTHO/NACCHO or PHI.From: Charles Holmes (b)( 6) ------------- Sent: Tuesday, Mar ch 24, 2020 7:36 AMTo: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [El -------,; (b..),(.=.6. )>_Cc_: A n.g.e;_l;a; _D..u n_n ::==~~---::(-b):(-6):>-; -Cindy Burnett (b)( >; Conover, Craig======~~---(bH >; Duch in, Je-ff !:::=========~>-; -G:la_ss_, R.o.g:e:r. (.N.I_H/_FIC_} :.[E.;_l, _.:__~ (b)( 6) ; Glenn Blumhorst -------------------- (b)( 6) Stephen Morr ison (b)(6)Subject: Re: Call - follow -up: COVID-19 Response CorpsSen Van Hollen's office is interested and I'm slated to ta lk w them later today or tomorrow. Interested toknow how the idea was received by others on the Hill. BestOn Mon, Mar 23, 2020 at 7:44 AM Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [El --------- (b)(6) wrote :Thanks Charles.Draft OpEd forthcom ing today. Everyone please think about autho rs.Bill Frist and Tom Daschle? https://w ww.rollca ll.com/2018/07 /09/op inion-an-open-health-diplomacyhand-works-bette r-than-a-fist/ By Tom Dasch le and Bill Frist, July 9, 2018.From: Char les Holmes (b)(6)> ------------ Sent: Monday , March 23, 2020 7:37 AM ------~~ To: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [El (b)(6) ....,;._.;._......;...;....;.==~~-::---:--:--Cc:A ngela Dunn (b)(6); _C in_d.y. B:_ ur ne.t;t ._~==~~-~(b)( 6) >; Conover, Craig...:======-~(~b)(-6):>:; -D:u-ch-in, Jeff (b)( >; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [El (b)(6)>; Glenn Blumhorst (b)(6J ;Stephen Morr ison (b) (6)>Subject: Re: Call - fo llow -up: COVID-19 Response CorpsGreat feedback, Peter. More from Vanessa Kerry:"Initial reaction is that this is fantastic and I would be happy to help in any capacity to support it.Please let me know how. Devil is in the details and t he training of course. Truly a smart idea though"CharlesOn Mon, Mar 23, 2020 at 7:11 AM Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E] -------- (b)( 6J> wrote:Thanks Craig. This looks very comprehensive and someth ing a trained RPCV (return ed Peace CorpsVolunteer) could help implement.Glenn - good luck on the Hill tod ay. Wil l be eager to hear about the reception.Some feedbac k from others:• John Monahan (Georgetow n) - "Very creativ e, kudos!"o Try to get authority on one of these COVI0-19 response bills for returning PeaceCorps folks to be redeployed notwithstanding other provisions of law.o Explore whether CRC could be incorporated into the programs FEMA already hasto bring in short-term employees to help with emergency responses.o Some functions (home-delivered meals, staffing call centers, homeless populationsand shelters) would more sense to supplement programs run by Americorps.o Cost seems high.• Scott Dowell (Gates Foundation) - "A good and important idea"o Need a massive surge in the public health and communi ty testing workforce overthe coming mont hs.o They are considering engaging the 30,000 medical students through AMSA(American Medical Student Association) .• Tom lnglesby (Johns Hopkins) - "A fantastic idea and am very supportive"o Important issue to be worked through : How to address risk to individuals invo lved?(My response: training, equipping, and monitor ing. Will add to next iteration ofconcept note. Note that Singapore has had no infections in HCW and in China afterJanuary/Wuhan, most HCW infections were from home, not from work.)o Tom's work ing on concept to engage presumably immune COVID-19 survivors (aswas done with Ebola).• Jeremy Konyndyk {CGD) - "Great idea."o Need to think creatively about how to expand the public health workforce for thecoming 18 months, especially for tasks like contact tracing . We'll need to view CDCand local health dept folks not as boots on the ground but rather as forcemultipliers - sharing their skills with others and mentoring/managing larger teamsto extend their reach.From: Conover, Craig_ ________ C>b<_ >sent: Sunday, March 22, 2020 5:01 PM -------~~ To: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC:).[.~:E:).l!=: ===-=-----::-:-- (-b)-:<-_6.;> Si tephen Morrison I __ _Glass, Roger (NIH/Fie) [E]I CbH6r>J; Charles Holmes(b)(6)------------,,-:-= CbH6l; Glenn Blumhorst l (b)(6)j(b)(6)l; Duchin, Jeff CbH6)J>; Angela Dunn=======- (b)~(~6)1>; Cindy Burn"e"-u•1======' (~b~::(:~6; ):]>__.. --------- -------- Subject : Re: Call - follow-up: COVID-19 Response CorpsThanks for all your work on this, Peter !Re LTCs--attached is a draft document listing all the capabilities that need to be in place forLTCFs to respond to Covid-19.Develop ing and disseminating guidance aimed at LTCFs is relatively easy--the failures aregoing to be around implementation .This is one area where assistance wou ld be valuable.ccFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E] (b)( >Sent : Sunday, March 22, 2020 3:16 PMTo: Stephen Morrison CbH6>;G>l;a ss, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E] I- ---- (b)(6);Charles Holmes I (b) (6)]>; Glenn Blumhorst(b)(6)J ouch in, Jeff :.===========------==========,::;;--- (b) ( 6)>] ; Conover, Craig I CbH6)A];n gela Dunn:.========-~c,"'.:'.-:-" ;,.._...;:.:====-~~----- ---------(b)(6)j; Cindy Burnett ! (b)(6)j Subject : [External] RE: Call - follow-up: COVID-19 Response CorpsThanks all for our call and support for t his concept. Please let me know any critical additions orcorrections to these notes.• Jeff Duchin (Seattle) noted multiple possible roles in contact tracing, mitigation withhomeless and incarcerated, adverse consequences of social distancing, infection controlsupport, alternat ive care site coordinat ion, lab specimen collection and transport . Heshared concerns about infection prevention and thei r PPE shortage. CDC had 40 peopledeployed, but they departed . Longer deployments (e.g., >90 days) needed to validateonboarding and training effort . He will follow up with more detail on potential roles andnumbers.• Angela Dunn (Utah) agreed wit h roles in contact tracing , also st affing a call center, ruralout reach and specimen collection. She said Utah was not a current priority for FEMA andCDC was conducting a transmission study. She shared Jeff's concern about the onboardingeffort .• Cindy Burnett (Utah) mentioned the need for social support in rural settings.• Craig Conover (Illinois) added that for them the long -term care centers and homelesspopulations were priority concerns. It would be feasible and helpful to have staff able tocollect specimen swabs.• Charles Holmes (Georgetown) made an analogy to community health workers in Zambiaand how much can be accomplished and enhanced with tablet-based approaches, workflowapps, and video instructions.• Steve Morrison (CSIS) emphasized the importance of finding an organizationa l home,mentioning potential challenges for both CDC and FEMA. He noted timing of responsepackages being considered, the hunger for creative ideas, and urgency for this to bebrought forward. He noted potential champions, listed with others below. He thinks thePeace Corps connectio n is a compelling factor.• Glen Blumhorst (NPCA) expressed his support and insights on potential champions, e.g.,three RPCV in the house. He is going to Capitol Hill tomorrow .• Jody Olsen (Peace Corps) (prior to the call) expressed interest and noted that Peace Corpshas no authority to operate in the United States. (The possibility of an Executive Orderdeta iling returned volunteers from Peace Corps to state and local aut horities wasmentioned by others on the call.) She also noted that Barbara Stewart, Director of CNCS(AmeriCorps and VISTA) has been inviting RPCVs to jo in.Next steps:1. Revise document (done, attached) to be shared with subject matter experts and potentialchamp ions. (There was not an exact delineat ion of who would share with whom. I will aimto CC: or ask for help with some contacts.)2. Will draft Op-Ed in next 2 days.Action: Share concept sheet with SM Es and champions avoiding any obvious minefields andduplication. Report back useful feedback.SM Es/champions:• Tom lngelsby• Beth Cameron• Jeremy Konyndyk• Rebecca Katz• Scott Gottl ieb• Tom Frieden• Scott Dowell• John MonahanChampions:• Paul Allen Foundation• Dick Durbin• Biden campaign• Chris Christie• Carrie Hessler-Radelet• Aaron Williams• Pat rick Leahy• Chris Van Hollen• Dick Durbin• Debbi Birx• Donna Shalala (RPCV - Iran 1962-64)• Joseph P. Kennedy Ill (RPCV Dominican Republic 2004-06)• John Garamendi (Ethiopia 1966-68)• Aumua Amata (PC staff Northern Mariana Islands 1967-68)Note - GS-7, Step 1 salary is $37,301, Step 5 is $42,273. I've re-set the budget at $100,000 perperson to account for benefits, train ing, travel, per diem, management, evaluation, PPE, phones,laptops, etc.From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]Sent: Sunday, March 22, 2020 12:35 PMTo: Stephen Morrison (b)(6)>; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [El (b)(6J;Charles Holmes (b)(6J; Blumhorst, Cathy (NIH/NINR) [ElCbH6)G];l enn Blumhorst (b)(6)>;:;::::::=======c::,::;,:c;-:'."'.""""'(b)(~ Olsen, Jody -----:=====(b!)(6.).>.; .:D_,u.c.h in.,. .J:ef_f ~~ (b)(6) J; Conover, Craig (b)( Angela Dunn:.=======; (b::);~:(6~)1]>-- ----------Subject: RE: Call: COVID-19 Response CorpsHi all,I'm looking forward to our WebEx meeting in 90 minutes. The concept note (unchanged) isattached. The Web Ex info is below.Here's an updated agenda:1. Welcome and introductions2. Background and proposal3. Round robin perspectivesa. Public health - WA, IL, UTb. Peace Corps - Jodyc. Strengthening the concept - alld. Advocacy - alle. Implementat ion - all4. Next steps and way forwa rd-----Origi nal Appointment -----From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/F ie) [ElSent: Saturday, March 21, 2020 9:29 PMTo: Stephen Morrison; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E]; Charles Holmes; Blumhorst, Cathy (NIH/N INR)(E]; Glenn Blumhorst; (b)(6) Olsen, Jody; Duchin, Jeff; Conover, Craig; AngelaDunnSubject: Call: COVID-19 Response CorpsWhen : Sunday, March 22, 2020 2:00 PM-3:00 PM (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada).Where: WebExPlease join tomorrow for WebEx discussion of developing a U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps.Concept sheet attached.Agenda :1. Welcome and introductions2. Background and proposal3. Round robin perspectives4. Discussion5. Next steps and way forward-- Do not delete or change any of the following text. --Join Webex meetingMeeting number (access code): ----(b)(4) Meeting password: ------- (b) (4)Join from a video system or applicationDial ------,, (b) (4)You can also dial -----(b)( 4) and enter you r meeting numb er.Join by phoneTap to call in from a mobile device (attendees only)1-650-479-3208 Call-in toll number (US/Ca nada )Global call-in numbersJoin using Microsoft Lyne or Microsoft Skype for BusinessDial (b) (4) ------------- - Can't join the meeting ?If you are a host, go here to view host informat ion. lv1PORTAW NOTICE: Please note that this Webexservice ~llows audio and other information sent during the session to be recorded. which rnay be discoverable rn a legal matter ByJoining this session, you automat1cally consent to such recordings If you do not co11sent to being recorded, discuss your concerns withthe host or do not join the sessionState of Illinois - CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: The information contained in this commun ication isconfidential , may be attorney-client privileged or attorney work product, may constitute insideinformation or internal deliberative staff communication, and is intended only for the use of theaddressee. Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication or any part thereof isstrictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this communication in error, pleasenotify the sender immediately by return e-ma il and destroy this communication and all copiesthereof, including all attachments. Receipt by an unintended recipient does not waive attorney-c lientprivilege, attorney work product privilege, or any other exemption from disclosu re.Charles B. Holmes, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineFaculty Co-Director, Center for Global Health Practice and ImpactGeorgetown University Medical CenterBuilding D, Suite 1204000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC 20057Phone (b) (6)Charles B. Holmes, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineFaculty Co-Director , Center for Global Health Practice and ImpactGeorgetown University Medical CenterBuilding D, Suite 1204000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC 20057Phone (b) (6)From:Sent:To:Subject:Attachments:Larry:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 13 Apr 2020 15:25:44 +0000Corey, LarryFW: perhaps useful in the physical mitigation battle to buy 6 weeks(b)(4 lI will call you about t his to day. This is really import ant.Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)(b) (4)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformatio n. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [E) ---------- (b)(6)> On Behalf Of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Monday , April 13, 2020 7:10 -AM- ---- ::;..,..-,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6)> Subject: FW: perhaps useful in the physical mitigation battle to buy 6 weeksAn email below from Larry Corey.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmed iate Office of t he DirectorNational Inst itute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(From: Corey MD, Larry CbH >Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 11:31 PM- ------, ,a-s-r;= To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] < (b)(6)>; Marston, Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E](b) (6)>Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: perhaps useful in the physical mitigation batt le to buy 6 weeksHere is data from Seattle up to this weekendFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks!Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElMon, 13 Apr 2020 14:37:16 +0000Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/N IAID) [ElRE: Wayne and Catherine Reynolds and Bob Langer/MIT innovationsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Sent: Monday, Apri l 13, 2020 8:12 -AM- ------, .....,..,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: RE: Wayne and Catherine Reynolds and Bob Langer/MIT innovationsPossible response below :Dear Wayne,Please give my best to Catherine and take care during these difficult times.Best personal regards,TonyFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 9:27 PM(b) (5)To: Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: FW: Wayne and Catherine Reynolds and Bob Langer/MIT innovationsHugh:Please take a look at these 3 ideas. You may have heard of Bob Langer. He is somewhat ofan inventive genius with whom we have worked before . I need to get back to Wayne andCatherine and I would like your help in my fashioning a response.Thanks,TonyFrom: WAYNE REYNOLDS (b)(6) -------- Sent: Monday, April 6, 2020 2:08 PM -------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Grady, Christine {NIH/CC/BEP) [~E:]: -;::::====== (~b)::(:6~;)Subject: Wayne and Catherine Reynolds and Bob Langer/MIT innovationsTony,Obviously, you have a few other issues on your daily agenda but, when you have a minute, we wou ldappreciate your thoughts and guidance on three new Bob Langer biotech developments. We haveattached three links to recent MIT News art icles. These three innovations at the Langer Lab wereoriginally funded by the Gates Foundation. We thought the last two breakthroughs, in particular, may beapplicable to your current work. Thank you again for your continued guidance .Best wishes,Wayne ReynoldsCell: (b)(6)Home: (b)(6) ------Heat stable micronutrients for better nutritionhttp://news.mit.edu/2019/micro part ides-fight-malnutrit ion-1113On-patient invisible vaccination recordhttp://news .mit .edu/2019/storing-vaccine-history-skin-1218Self-boosting vaccine platform for faster and stronger immune responsehttp://news.mit.edu/2017 /one-vaccine-injection-could-ca rry-many-doses-0914From:Sent:To:Cc:(b)(6)Subject:(b)( 6)Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 13 Apr 2020 13:03:45 +0000Jenny FauciRE: FW: Google Alert - Fauci AND Tony OR AnthonyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectiou s DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409(b)(6)E-mail,___,,. __ _, (b)(6)The in ormation in t ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformat ion. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From:t >Sent: k:,-o-n-da_y_, -A-p-ri-11- 3-,-2-0-2-0 7-:S_S_A_M__ -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Re: FW: Google Alert - Fauci AND Tony OR Anthony(b)(6)On Sat, Apr 11, 2020 at 1:27 PM Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)_ _____ C>b<_> wrote:If you have time, click to link on the bottom: "How Anthony Fauci BecameAmerica's Doctor". It is a long article in New York magazine written by MichaelSpector a former Washington Post and NY Times writer who has known me forover 30 years. It is the most comprehensive report on me and my career - veryinsightfu l.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : (b) (6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may containsensitive information . It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intendedrecipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it fromyour mailbox or any other storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and InfectiousDiseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for any statements made that are the sender's ownand not expressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Google Alerts <googlea lerts -norep ly@goog le.com>Sent: Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 11:51 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [E] (b)( >Subject: Goog le Alert - Fauci AND Tony OR AnthonyGoogle AlertsFauci AND Tony OR AnthonyAs-it-happens update• April 11, 2320WEBFauci: Virus antibody tests expected next weekNorth Platte PostDr. Anthony Fauci answers questions during Thursday's Coronavirus Task Force briefing.WASHINGTON - The top U.S. infectious disease official ...11 CJ Flaa as irrelevantanthony fauciThe Bulwark Podcastanthony tauci, anti-anti-trumpism, china, coronavirus, covid-19 , donald trump, elections,hydroxychloroquine, masks, navy peter navarro, white house, ...11 CJ Flaa as irrelevantCBS Evening News with Norah O'DonnellFacebookDr. Anthony Fauci of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID): "This is notthe time to feel that, since we have made such ...11 CJ Flag as 1rreltwantHow Anthony Fauci Became America's Doctor by Michael SpecterLongformA profile of the doctor who has run the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for 36years .11 CJ Flao as irrelevantYou have received this email because you have subscribed to Google Alerts .UnsubscribeB!Receive this alert as RSS feedSend FeedbackFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Thank you, NicolaFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 13 Apr 2020 10:16:00 +0000Nicola PizzoliRE: COVID 19: Possible main cause of fatalities, it could be not respiratoryFrom: Nicola Pizzoli (b)(6)Se nt: Monday, April 13, 2020 6:07 AM To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]-- ---------~-~-- (b)(6)> Subject: COVID 19: Possible main cause of fatalities , it could be not respiratoryGood morning Dr Fauci,Ive been follow ing you on COVID brief ings from the White House every night. I trust your experience ,professionality and above all your wisdom in these weeks.While I am a mechanical engineer and I run my food company fro living, I have been interested andpassionate to the global fight to the Coronavirus.SUGGESTION: Could it be possible that peop le die of pulmonary micro t hrombosis rather thanrespiratory issues? If this is the case, this is more a cardiovascular issue than a respiratory, andventilation or intubation do not count as much as, instead, to give patients some drugs to prevent thet hrombosis , such as ANTI-INFIAMMATORIES. If you ventilate a lung where blood doesn't get there, maybe it's useless! In fact 9 out of 10 die . If the problem were cardiovascula r and not respiratory, then itcould be a venous microthrombosis and not pneumonia that determines fata lity. And why are thrombiformed? Because there is an inflammation that induces th rombosis through a complex but well-knownpathophysiological mechanisms.I know this thesis is right the contrary of some recomm endations that several doctors all over the world(in China first) had made so far: no ibuprofene, no anthibiotics etc etc.But I believe that some researches on the cardiovascular problem induced by inflammation would beworth doing it.An apology for my English.Thank you for your attention,Stay healthy!Kindest regardsNicolaNicola PizzoliPresident & CEOPinollSp.A.\'b 1nulillo ~ ord I •..COOSA1 1.idrie • lloloi;u ----....~From:Sent:To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 13 Apr 2020 02:17:18 +0000----(-b)(6) (NIH/NHLBI) [E) Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)Subject: RE: Comparison of COVID-19 statistics in US vs. China(b)(6)Thank you for you note. This pandemic has been extremely challeng ing for many countriesaround the globe including China and the USA. I can only say that I (and I am sure that BobRedfield feels the same way) prefer to look forward and not to assign blame or fault. There areenough prob lems ahead that we must face together.Best regards,TonyFrom: (b)(6) (NIH/NHLBI) [E] -------- (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 9:51 PM ----~~ To: Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)- ----- (b)(6) Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b) (6) >Cc: (b)(6) {NIH/NHLBI) [E] -------- (b)( >Subject: RE: Comparison of COVID-19 statist ics in US vs. ChinaDear Dr. Redfield and Dr. Fauci,Aft er some hesitation, I decided to write you this message anyway and hope you don't mind.I am concerned about the recent fight between the US and WHO because it may adversely impact thecurrent global efforts in controlling the spread of COVID-19. As we all know, US has been leading WHO'sefforts for decades and essentially WHO's role is mostly coordinating responses in low- and middle incomecountries with support from the US and other high income countries. Frankly I was looking forleadership from the US CDC rather than WHO when I was doing (b)(6). Until COVID-19 is controlled in all countries,the infection could come back to hit us in this country again. Therefore it is now the worst time toundermine WHO's global coordinating capabilities.What I learned from my former colleagues and friends in (b)(6) where I attended medical schooland obtained my MSc in epidemiology might offer some explanation for the differe nces in COVID-19statistics in US vs. China. Please find attached a couple of articles published by my former colleague,Cb~___ , of which the 1st attachment is a more updated version . (6)• First, the maximum lockdown in Wuhan that started on January 23 and also in the rest of theentire Hubei province of 59 million people during the subsequent 2-3 days, coupled withmaximum efforts in early identification, immediate isolation of identified infected individualsand close monitoring of contacts, did work and had to work according to epidemiologicalprinciples. China did it by invoking level 1 public health response that was historically reservedfor smallpox, plague or cholera, which essentially enabled the entire country to be completelylocked down for several weeks. Many vi llages and townships set up checkpoints to refuseanyone to come in or go out; a driver from Hubei had to stay on an inter-provincial highway for20 days surviving by begging instant noodles from people policing exits; all front doors ofresidents in a township in Hubei were sealed by local government officials and volunteers toprevent them from getting out of their houses.• Second, there must be under -reporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths because the publichealth and hospital systems in Wuhan and a few other hardest hit municipalities wereoverwhelmed for one to two weeks; conceivably many infected individuals were not getting achance for testing and some of them must have died without being identified as COVID-19. I'dsay that this kind of under-reporting is unavoidable, especially in the epicenter of a newpandemic. Actually I suspect that such under-reporting could have happened in this country aswell although perhaps to a lesser degree.• Third, there could be a third category of casualties, that is, patients who were suffering fromchronic diseases but couldn't get necessary treatments because hospitals were overwhelmed.I read a sad story in social media in which a patient who needed frequent dialysis comm ittedsuicide by jump ing out of his window. It is highly likely that many such patients died during thelockdown even though I couldn't confirm the specific case or find any statistics. There could bemany other collateral damages including socio-psychological effects .Combined, the effect of the maximum lockdown, the under-report ing of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19deaths as well as collateral deaths of other causes that were associated with the lockdown could beseveral times of the reported statistics from China. Here I'd not say that China purposely underreportedCOVID-19 cases or deaths but rather, China pursued an extreme approach and achieved anextreme result, including severe collateral damages. Of note, Dr. LI Wenliang (the whistleb lower) voicedconcern on 12/30/2019 and was criticized for having not followed the legally proper reporting processbut nevertheless the WHO China Office was informed on 12/31/2019 of a pneumonia of unknowncause, detected in the city of Wuhan in Hubei province, China(https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen ).We in the US and many other countries pursued different approaches, which are more humane but lesseffective in terms of blocking transmissions. This is the reality, which needs to be commun icated withand recognized by the public; to make the humane approaches work as effectively as possible, we needeveryone's support and cooperation, which cannot be achieved by blaming China or WHO. The publichas to understand that we are in a pandemic, which means that tens of millions are supposed to beinfected and millions are supposed to die from it, unless we take necessary actions to block thetransmission and to take good care of the infected.Finally, I'd like to say a few words for public health colleagues in China. In my personal view, to be fair,they have done their best to inform the global public health community of the COVID-19 outbreak inWuhan, China by briefing WHO and many count ries as soon as they identified COVID-19 (12/31/2019 -1/3/2020) ; they shared the genetic sequence of the virus on 1/ 12/2020; and the numbe r of scientificand medical publications in English shortly afterwards was unprecedented . I did a brief search andidentified the following:A Novel Coronavirus from Pat ients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 (1/24/2020)https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to -persontransmission : a study of a family cluster (1/24/2020)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/artic1e/pii/S0140673620301549?via%3DihubClinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (1/24/2020)https ://www.thelancet.com/journa ls/lancet/ article/Pl 1S0140-6736(20)30183-5 /f ulltextEarly Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-l nfected Pneumonia (1/29/2020)https ://www.nejm.org/ doi/fu 11/10.1056/N EJMoa 2001316Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implicat ions for virus origins andreceptor binding (1/30/2020)https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)30251-8/fulltextA new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2/3/2020)https://www.nature.com/artic1es/s41586-020-2008-3Early estimation of the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in main land China: a data-driven analysis(2/12/2020)http:ljatm.amegroups.com/article/view/36613/htmlCharacteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavi rus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak inChina (2/24/2020)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/ jama/fulla rticle/2 762130It is my hope that US and China could join fo rces to help low- and middle-income countries to controlthe pandemic so that it will not come back and hit us again after the current wave in this country iscontrolled.I am not sending th is message through the official channel because this is not part of my official dutyand is purely my personal opinion.Sincerely,(b)(6)Doing human subjects research? New policies will impact you! Learn more .Looking for NHLBI Clinical Trial Funding Opportunities? Learn more here.From:Sent :To:Subject:Attachme nts:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 13 Apr 2020 01:37:27 +0000Cassetti, Cristina (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: [COVID-19 Pneumon ia] Official Letter from lmmuneMed Inc.Official Letter from lmmuneMed-NIAID.pdfPlease take a look at this and respond.From: Sungpill Park <sppark@immunemed .co.kr>Sen t: Sunday, April 12, 2020 9:31 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) (E]------ -(-b=")"(-"=6" )Subject: (COVID-19 Pneumonia] Official Letter from lmmuneMed Inc.Dear Dr. Anthony S. Fauci,My name 1s Sungpill Park, and I'm a representative of lmmuneMed, Inc. located 1nKorea.We specialize in diagnos ing and t reating the infectious diseases.Our company's hzVSF(humanized Virus Suppressing Factor) v13 is under curableusage for COVID-19 pneumonia, utiliz ing Korea's compassionate use system forpatients who do not have an alternative treatment.I am writing with a strong conviction that t he partnership between the NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and lmmuneMed , Inc. wil l bring thedecrease of death rate for COVID-19 pneumon ia.I ask you humbly to please spend a minute of your busy time reading the attachedletter from our CEO, Dr. Yoon-Won Kim, to find out more about the hzVSFtreatment and how we can work together to cure COVID-19 pneumon ia pat ients.With Regards,Sungpill Park, MBAVice President, Global Business DevelopmentlmmuneMed, Inc.C: ------ (b)(6) I E: sppark@immunemed.co.krw: www.immunemed.eo.kr/en/Notice : The above message (and any attachment) is intended solely for the named address and may containinformation that is privileged, confidential or otherwise protected under applicable law. Any unauthorizeddissemination, distribution, copying or use of the information contained in this communication is strictlyprohibited If you have received this communication in error, please notify the sender by email and erase thiscommunication immediately.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 23:20:22 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: NAS Annual Meeting Session on COVID-19 -- Information regarding yourSaturday April 25 participationLet us discuss.From: Dzau, Victor J. <VDzau@nas.edu>Sent: Thursday, April 9, 2020 11:01 AMTo: Mun , Jenny <JMun@nas .edu>; Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6l;>; Hannon, Emma <EHannon@nas .edu>; Conrad, Patricia(b)(6)'ben.tinke r@cnn.com' <ben.tinker@cnn .com>; 'Amanda .Sealy@cnn.com'<Amanda .Sealy@cnn.com>; 'Neel.Khairzada@turner.com' <Neel .Khairzada@t urner.com>;'Tia.M iller@turner.com' <Tia.Miller@turner.com>; (b)(6)Subject: RE: NAS Annual Meeting Session on COVID-19 -- Information regarding your Saturday April 25pa rtici pat ionDear all,Thank you for agreeing to participate in a special late breaking session on the COVID-19pandemic at the NAS annual meeting. Knowing how busy you are, I am sending this email inlieu of a call to prepare for the session .As you know, this is a 90 minute session which aims to provide our audience with deeperinsights into the latest developments in the COVID-19 response. I plan to hold an engagingdiscu ssion that covers the whole experience on dealing with this pandemic - from US tointernational, to preparedness and response, the biology of the virus, the state of diagnostic,treatment and vaccine development, and the importance of communica6on.l will begin the session by providing brief ( ~3 min) opening remarks describing thecircumstances of the pandemic . Then, I will introduce the panelists and you will each have 7minutes to provide remarks. You may use a limited numbe r of slides for illustration. I hope thateach panelist will provide their own perspective and speak to the issues proposed below.• Jeremy Farrar will discuss the global response to the pandemic, drawing from hisexperience as a global leader, the chair of the Scientific Advisory Group for the WHO'sR&D Blueprint and as a member of the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board.• Tony Fauci will discuss the US pandemic and provide his perspective as a member of theWhite House Coronavirus Task Force addressing the 2019- 20 coronavirus pandemic.• George Gao will discuss China's response to the pandemic and lessons learned for therest of the globe .• Susan Weiss will discuss the viral characteristics of SARS COV2 , insights into itspatbobiology, immunity and development of a pan-Co V antiviral.• Richard Hatchett will discuss the development of new vaccines and treatments againstCOVID-19.• Sanjay Gupta will comment on the health system response to the pandemic andchallenges re lated to communication and pub lic engagement in responding to COVID -19.Following remarks from each panelist, we will have a moderated discussion amongst ourselves -l will ask you a set of questions (15 mins) and then we wil! take questions from the web (25mins). To prepare me to be your moderator, please send me any questions you would like me toask you. For those of you who would like to have a prep call, please let me know and I will set itup.Best,VictorFrom: Mun , Jenny <JMun@nas.edu>Sent: Wednesday, April 8, 2020 10:56 AM'ben .tinker@cnn .com' <ben.tinker@cnn.com>; 'Amanda.Sealy@cnn.com' <Amanda .Sealy@cnn.com>;'Neel.Khairzada@turner.com' <Neel. Khai rzada@tumer.com>; 'Tia.M iller@turner.com'<Tia.Miller@turner.com>Subject: NAS Annual Meeting Session on COVID-19 -- Information regarding you r Saturday April 25participationDear Speakers:I am the logistical contact for the COVID-19 session that will be held as part of the Annual Meeting(online) program on Saturday, April 25 at 2:00 pm EDT. Thank you for agreeing to participate in thissession. To help you with your planning, I have provided additional details below .Please note that the session will be live webcast and the general public will also be able to watch thesession. Video from the session will also be uploaded on the NAS YouTube channel(https://www.youtube.com/user/theNASciences ) after the meeting . We will need to obtain signedspeaker release forms for your participation in this session. I have attached the speaker release form foryour review and subm ission. Please return the signed speaker release form by Monday , April 13.Session speakers are asked to connect 30 minutes prior to the session start time (by Saturday, April 25at 1:30 pm EDT) to allow the technical staff to check connections and prepare for the session. Details onhow to connect will be sent before the meeting.We will list you in our promotional materials as noted below. If this is incorrect, please let me know .Anthony 5. Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesJeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome TrustGeorge F. Gao, Director-General, Chinese Center for Disease Control & PreventionSanjay Gupta, Chief Medical Correspondent, CNNRichard J. Hatchett, CEO, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness InnovationsSusan R. Weiss, Professor of Microb iology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaSince many of us have moved to remote work environments, you may already be proficient with Zoomand other online meeting/collaboration applications . I am attaching a 'speaker guidelines' file in caseyou have any questions on how best to prepare for and stage your remote talk. We have technical staffavailable to help you become familiar with Zoom and its settings - such as "sharing your screen" (if youhave slide presenta tions that need to be shown during your talk) . We can arrange for a training sessionthis week or next week. If you would like to schedule a session, please let me know as soon as possible.Dr. Dzau's office will be in touch regarding the agenda for this session. If you have any othe r questions,please let me know .Regards, Jenny********************************Jenny MunMembership DirectorNational Academy of Sciencesjmun@nas.edu(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 23:00:07 +0000Seth Berkley (Private)Subject: RE: Checking inThanks, Seth!From: Seth Berkley (Private) --------- Sent: Saturday, March 28, 2020 3:48 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( >Subject: Checking inHi Tony: You are doing an amazing job during these very diffic ult t imes!Doing everything we can here to support WHO to work on global acceleration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinedevelopment as well as support our 73 poorest countries for COVID-19 preparation and hopefullykeeping routine vaccine coverage as high as possible. We are prepared to ultimately roll out a vaccinewhen one is ready. No need to respond, but wanted to give you a friendly shout-out. We are allthinking of you!Best,SethThe private email account ofDr Seth BerkleyChief Exec utive OfficerGavi, the Vaccine AllianceTel: (b)(6)Skype -------- Twitter @GaviSeth(b)( ,The Global Health Campus, Chemin du Pommier 40,1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Swi tzerlandTel: CbH6)Web: http: //www .gavi.orgWith the suppo rt of donors and pa1tners, Gavi, the Vacc ine Alliance is working to immunise anadditional 300 million children betwe en 2016 and 2020, preventing a further 5-6 million deat hs.Join us and help to reach every child. Visit www. gavi.org . sign up for the Gavi newsletter andfollow us on Facebook and Twitter.NOTIC E: This emai l, includin g any attachments to it, may be confide nt ial and does not createany binding contract on behalf of Gavi or its partn ers . If this email was sent to you in error,please notify the sender immediately by rep ly e-mail, and please do not use, distribute , retain,print or copy the e-mai l or any attachment.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 22:58:02 +0000Herbert MathewsonSubject: RE: PERSONAL: My April 1 blog on Tony Fauci, CUMCHub:Many thanks for your kind note.Warm regards,TonyFrom: Herbert Mathewson (b)(6)Sent : Saturday, March 28, 2020 1:57 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject : PERSONAL:M y April 1 blog on Tony Fauci, CUMC -----(b)(6)-----(b)(6)Tony, I have been writ ing an annual April 1 column for 30 years, first in my monthly newsletter at CapeCod Hospital and now as my biweek ly blog of medical fun facts at www. hubslist.org. This is a heads upbefore publication of this year's Apr il lblog about you and Biden.I suspect that most of our classmates are, like me, boasting a bit about having you as a classmate. Yourhonesty and "truthiness" is most appreciated and greatly valued by us amidst the leadership chaos. Yoursuccess at "walking the line" is extraordinary .Enjoy. Hub• Home• Hub's List of Medical Fun FactsVol. 230 April 1, 2020 Biden Picks His Running MatePress ConferenceFor mer Vice PresidentJoe BidenApril 1, 2020(Official Transc ript)BIDEN : Good morning everyone. I am glad to see all you reporters sitting 6 feet from each other . Iknow it is burdensome, but we must work together to defeat this awful Zika . . . Rebola ... the flu . . .er, what?, ... I mean, you know, the Coroner virus .Speaking of the current virus crisis . . . boy that has a nice ring to it, doesn't it? ... it almost rhymes. .. I would like to announce my pick of a running mate; Dr . Anthony Fauci, Director of the NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Disease of NIH since 1984 .. . almost twenty .. . er . . . many yearsago .Now before I start to answer your quest ions, let me give you some reasons for my choice .Number 1: Dr . Fauci is smarter than I am, but I am ta ller and younger than he is.Number 2: He is very experienced. He has worked with many President ial administrat ions since hecame to Washington ... in the 1980's as I remember . He told Ronald Reagan about the AIDSepidemic, advised two Bushs . . . one of them gave him the Presidential Medal of Freedom ... by theway, Ben Carson got his medal during that same ceremony, . . . where was I? Oh, yeh . . .twoClintons .. . yes two, remember Hilary's Health Care Plan? . .. and, of course, Obama or two.Number 3: He gives very good TV interviews , even on Fox News with Sean Hannity trying to misleadthe viewers.Number 4: His medical training has given him that special skill that all physicians must have tosucceed - "Always sound right, and if you don't know an answer, make one up." But he is like oneof my famous namesakes on Dragnet . . . Sergeant Joe Friday . .. "Just the facts, Ma'am."Now I'll take your questions.[Sounds of shouting , general loud babbling , a baby crying , a chair falls over]REPORTER : " Mr. Biden have you moved away from your promise to pick a female running mate?"BIDEN : Did I say that? When was that? ... Oh, it was during one of those debates? ... I wouldn'tcall it a promise. It was a statement from which I am now socially distancing myself, and that makesit a very timely question. . .. This social distancing is for the pits. I haven't smelled a good head ofhair in weeks ... for the record, my test was negative ... and I will ensure that women's voices willbe heard in my administration by appointing several to my cabinet. Elizabeth Warren naturally will beSecretary of the Treasury. Kamala Harris as an experienced prosecutor would be an excellent head ofthe Department of Justice . .. I think she is Latino too, isn't she? ... I am not sure about SenatorAmy Kolbuchuck from Minnesota and she has great hair, but Marianne Williamson, ... remember,the physic healer ... could serve as Chief of the Alternate Universe . . . excuse me, AlternateTherapies within HHS. Adding Senator Gillibrand to the cabinet would weigh the group too heavilytowards New York, since Dr. Fauci is from Brooklyn. I will, of course, appoint Tulsi Gabbard asAmbassador to America Samoa.REPORTER : "Do you have any concerns about any regrettable incidents in Dr. Fauci's past?"BIDEN : Not really. My staff has vetted him very thoroughly. The only whiff of scandal we found washis medical school yearbook picture where he was being lifted by two of his taller classmates so as toappear as even taller than they. None of them were in black face.Also some people may have difficulty knowing howto pronounce his name correctly. It is pronounced as "Fow-ch i" with the soft "c" sound common tomany Italian names, . . . and as the Senator from Nevada I wish to say that I have many ItalianAmericanfriends who are hard-work ing, decent citizens, but I must excuse myself from this Corleonehearing for another important committee meeting ... oh, sorry ... was I channeling the Godfatheragain? ... a great movie.There is another small concern, since he is from New York City and his name ends in a vowel peoplemay think he is associated with Rudy Giuliani .... but we know that he is taller than Mike.We have completely debunked the New Yorker Magazine stories that Dr. Fauci has recommendedinternal alcohol to kill the coronavirus since external alcohol really doesn't work. In fact, he onlyrecommended it as an antidote to the daily briefings of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Dr.Fauci also noted that internal alcohol effects may be briefer than the briefings, so viewers may repeata dose PRN (as necessary).REPORTER : " Is it true that as noted in your background Press Release just handed out that Dr. Fauciwas born on Christmas Eve, and are you concerned about any back lash from Trump supporters whoregard Trump as the Second Coming."BIDEN: Dr. Fauci is an American . Even though he was born in Brooklyn, there is no question about hiscitizenship eligibility for this office. I think that a resurgence of the Birther Movement which was soviscously directed at my close friend and mentor, Barrack Obama, . . . there I final ly got his name outthere ... would be very unfortunate. Next question.REPORTER : "Has Dr. Fauci made any significant contributions in fields other than virology andinfectious diseases."BIDEN : Well let me tell you a down-to-earth, fascinating story of one of his most significantcontributions. It will be a short one, I promise. Since the Coroner virus pandemic has taken over allthe headlines, editorial pages, social media memes, political cartoons, TV shows, graphic artist shops,and a lot of other things swamping articles about the Opioid Deaths epidemic, Dr. Fauci has developeda new attention -getting graphic to replace the familiar 1-10 faces of pain levels; the 1-4 faces ofPandemic Panic levels.1 2 4REPORTER: "But face 4 is the same as face 2. Isn't that a confusing message ."BIDEN : Exactly"Thank you Mr. Biden, and Happy April Fools Day."PS: (b)(6) yearbook picture that won't be in the blog.(b)(6)This entry was posted on Saturday, March 28th, 2020 at10:01 AM and is filed under coronavirus, current events, humor, Infectious Disease. politics. You can follow anyresponses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. Editthis entry.Post navigati•RECENTIS SUESo Vol. 229 March15 2020Beware theIdes of March•Blog at WordPress.com.o Vol. 228 March1. 2020PhvsicianSpeeders,Roundup OffOne Hook, andDon't Shootthe Cowso Vol . 227February 15.2020 Milk isNOT GoodFor You?!o Vol . 226February 1,2020 CurrentControversies. .. otherthan Impeachment .• YOUARE FOLLOWINGTHIS BLOGYou are fol lowi ngthis blog, alongwith 216 otheramazing people(mana ge).From:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks, John.From: Holdren, John P.Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 22:38:10 +0000Holdren, John P.RE: Antiviral SNA white paper(b)(6) ------------ Sent: Wednesday, March 25, 2020 4:27 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ======= (~b~~(6~)Subject: FW: Antiviral SNA white paperDear Tony-I know you are overwhelmed, but the attached whitepaper on a vaccine-development idea might beworth a look . You may member Chad lv1irkin as a member of the Obama PCAST whose extraordinarycontributions across a range of science and engineer ing issues have landed him in the NAS, NAE, andNAM, among other distinctions - a verr smart guy.Aside from that, thank you for your courageous truth-telling in the incredibly demanding situation inwhich we find ourselves.My best,JohnJohn P. HoldrenTeresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental PolicyJohn F. Kennedy School of GovernmentProfessor of Environmental Science and PolicyDepartment of Earth and Planetary SciencesAffiliated ProfessorJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied ScienceHARVARD UNIVERSITYAssistant: (b)(6) ---------------------------From: Chad A Mirkin (b)(6)Sent: Wednesday, March 25, 2020 3:57 PMTo: Holdren, John P. Cb)~ >Cc: Robert A Lamb CbH6)A; ndrew Lee -------------(b)(6)Subject: Antivira l SNA white paper(b) (4)Thanks and best regards, ChadVr. ~uci 5 Mqrc.~ 1'1c.J,1es.sJ 3r~<-/<c,tr,/°pj),· <:./<S N11' ftvt,1.:>A H £ ( rc:Jc ' I\ (I VC•""" RI}// wA NQc1kt 1.al Mo~k-)(s (Cf OIOVt N,S I 11flvt1W1HIIIJSARS W,stN1le.T MCl2.5 \Jest N,leMl/lS.. f<.ott'SC.o 01"1~ I \},) C:&ol«5 s ,..lfpo;(0(0(10.\11 (\J!,cf,olq0 5. ...1.1 0 fT~--An f:bol,u a, ,Jq...,f'O,< ,_ -- folioMe~lc:.$THt•ro g/) Hcf .. }i~,s BH M('o.$1<} zko.Mo le> z ;kc. (b)( 6)t07:w/J tjCheers,John T. Brooks, MDChief Medical Offi cer, CDC COVID-19 Respon seEmail (b)(6)Apologies for error s in my messages that may be due to my need todictat e.E:s-I'1l1)\JfsT
From:Sent :To:Subject:John:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 22:18:05 +0000John DirksRE: Great leadershipThanks for the note, Much appreciated.Best,TonyFrom: John Dirks (b)(6)Sent : Wednesday, March 18, 2020 5:24 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- CbH6)> Subject: Great leadershipTony, I admire the tremendous leadership and expertise you are provid ing during this COVID-19 crisis-Iknow it not easy-but your advice is so credible and listened to, Best John DirksFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks, Lew-----Original Message -----Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 22:17:08 +0000Lewis M DrusinRE: CoronavirusFrom: Lewis M Dmsin _______ "("b'"")"..(.6,=.)>Sent : Wednesday, March 18, 2020 11:-24- -A-M- --~~ To: Fauci , Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)._ ______ (_b)_(6.)Subject: Coronavirn sTonyWhen people ask me about coronavi rus, f j ust tel I them to listen to you. Your calm, steadfast exp lanation of tbescience is a major factor in the public trusting government to resolve this incredible publ ic health cris is. Hope youare doing well.Best wishes as alwaysLewFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Nadia:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 20:21:16 +0000EI-Gabalawy, Nadia (PHAC/ASPC)(b)(6)RE: Hello from Canada!Many thanks for your kind note.Best regards,TonyFrom: EI-Gabalawy, Nadia (PHAC/ASPC-) ----------- (b)(6) Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 2:48 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------------=---=-(b)-(6-) :-= Subject: Hello from Canada!Hi Dr. Fauci,I thought I would reach out to you amidst this crisis; I respect the work you're doing a great deal.- Hani EI-Gabalawy, did a research sabbatical at NIH _______________________ _Amazing work that you're doing. I've been following your discussions and scientific innovat ion regardingCOVID-19. I've been working for the federal government in Intelligence for about thirteen years andrecently moved to the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network Secretariat to support the EmergencyOperations Centre at the National Microbiology Lab. I've been with the NML for almost my wholecareer.Just a quick hello and deep respect for your work. My colleagues and Director have said that we' re onthe exact same page as you, in terms of your perspective and assessment of the pandemic. Althoughthere is a border between us, know that we are in agreement with your work and I'm thrilled to see youadvising the public. There is no better person to do the job.Kindest regards,Nadia EI-GabalawyTeam Lead, Support Services, Canadian Network for Public Health Int elligencePublic Health Agency of Canada/Government of Canada(b)(6)(b)(6)Chef d'equipe, Services de soutien, Reseau canadien de renseignements sur la sante publiqueAgence de la sante publique du Canada/ Gouvernement du Canada(b)(6)(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 20:19:01 +0000Anderson, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E]Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E];Clifton, Dawn (NIH/N IAID) IE]Subject: RE: LIR Requests for DIR Supplemental Funding (non-COVID related) - PLEASEREVIEWLooks fine.From: Anderson, Jennifer (NIH/NIA ID) [E] ---------- (b)(Sent : Monday, March 30, 2020 9:38 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E]- -----~ (b)(6=)> ,..;...;:...;;.!:====~~~~ Cc: lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E) _____ Cb_H_ ; Clifton, Dawn (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>Subject: LIR Requests for DIR Supplemental Funding (non -COVID related) - PLEASE REVIEWHi Dr. Fauci,Please review the attached requests for DIR Supplemental Funding on behalf of LIR investigators. I havefurther summarized the requests in the table below . I took the liberty to provide a suggested rankingbased on funding need. Dr. Lane has reviewed the requests and agrees with the rankings as well.Sincerely,JenniferPriorityCost Order forPl Supplement Description LAB(b)(5)(b) (5)Jennifer M. Anderson , PhDDeputy Branch Chief1AM B/OAS/N IAI D9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10 Rm. 6A19ABethesda, Maryland 20892Office Phone : Cb()6 )NIH Cell: (b)(6)Personal Cell: (b)(6)FAX: 301-402-4122(b)(5)From:Sent :To :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 20:18:33 +0000Brian KelsallSubject: RE: What can be done?Thanks, Brian. That recommendation is in the works.From: Brian Kelsall (b)(6).TSoe n: tF:a Mucoin, dAanyth, oMnya rc{hN IH30/N, I2A0I2D0) 1[E0:]1 --7- --P-M-- ----~-~- --(b)(6) Subject: Fwd: What can be done?Dear Tony,I'm lucky to have thoughtful neighbors . Please see the email that I received from Sue Edwards. Becauseof the likelihood that there are so many asymptomatic cases, isn't it time to recommend everyonewhere a mask of some kind? Not N95 masks or even surgical masks that should be reserved for firstresponders and hospital staff, but some face covering?Best, BrianSent from my iPhoneBegin forwarded message:From: Sue Edwards (bH >Date : March 30, 2020 at 1:15:06 PM EDTTo : Brian Kelsall (b)(6)Subject: What can be don e?Why can't the CDC make a public service announcement that everyone should be wear ingsome kind of mask@ in public? It doesn't have to be N95 or even surgical though thatwou ld be ideal (as is done in every Asian country) given that the virus is actuallyaerosolized (several studies confirm this ) and that it can be spread by asymptomaticcarriers (which account for possibly more than half of the positive cases - we will neverknow) it seems obvious that food markets are no different from hospitals and in manycases worse since at least in hospitals people are wearing some protective equipment ...just say wear a cotton mask, a scarf, a bandanna , a DIV paper towel mask .. whatever- butno one should be going to a market without one and absolutely no one working in a storeor stocking supplies or delivering food, packages, mail etc should be allowed to workwithout something covering the face- th is includes pharmacists as well, obviously D wtf lswrong with this country?What use are gloves? When the offending particles are escaping our faces and floatingaround for several hours, landing on everything around us ... the only place it shouldn't beas critical is outdoors in the sunshine where UV light should deactivate viruses fairlyquickly ...SueHope you are all well - and can give me some hope that this message get through the thickskulls of the so called experts ... even during the 1918 flu epidemic, everyone wore somefacial covering when out in public places - what is going on?EVERY ASIAN country is employing this approach with much greater success at slowing therate of transmission - even India!https ://www.nytimes.com/202 0/03/2 7 /hea Ith/ us-coronavir u s-face-masks. htm Ihttps://medium.com/better-humans/a -pract ical-guide-t o-covid -conta inment-orifice-byorifice-80c2f3f167beSent from my iPhoneFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 20:07:20 +0000Harold SlavkinCollins, Francis (NIH/OD) [ElSubject: RE: reaching out t hinking of youHal:Thanks fo r your note. These divergent phenotypes are truly puzzling. I have copied Francison this e-mail in case he has any additiona l though ts.Best regards,TonyFrom: Harold Slavkin -------(-b)(-6)> Sent : Thursday, April 2, 2020 4:04 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/ NIAID) [E] -------= (b")'"("=6)•>Subject: Fwd: reaching out thinking of youBegin forwarded message:From: "Harold C. Slavkin" ----- (b)(6) Subject: reaching out thinking of youDate: April 2, 2020 at 11 :39:40 AM PDTTo: Cb)C6)Cc: "Somerman, Ma1tha (NJH/NTDCR)[ E]"- ------- (b)(6)Hi Toni,You continue to be "the role model" for leaders inbiomed ical research these many decades. I am soproud of your effort s during the se remarkable tim es inhistory . Thank you! !! I cherish those 5 years {1995-2000) that I served as Director of NIDR (that becameNIDCR) when we were able to co-sponsor effort s touti lize saliva as an informative fluid for HIV detect ion .For me that was an invaluable opportunity to be part ofHarold Varmus' leadership team and to continue myresearch within NIAMS.I was inspired by your public comments a few nightsago on CNN regarding your observations of significantvariance in the pathogenesis or phenotypes noted forsubsets of critically ill patients with COVID-19 onventilators in ICU. I was immediately reminded of DavidFeinberg (CEO of UCLA Health Sciences, more recently5 years at Geisingers, and currently CEO of GoogleHealth Companies) who used genotyping forpopulations around Lancaster PA and discovered about3-4% with undiagnosed genetic diseases that translatedinto reduced costs of hospitalization, treatments, etc.Kaiser-Permanente Northern California, and manyother systems, have also used this approach sincesequencing has become cost effective . Perhaps a selectsample of people who require ICU, and another thatrequire ventilator, might inform the genotype of themost susceptible people and might also inform a targetto use to discover what existing drug or therapy couldbe mobilized. Through your position, might therealready be a large data set of whole genome sequences(e.g. military) that could be rapidly explored usingbioinformatics?As you may recall, my personal research activities havefocused on craniofacial diseases and disorders. Forexample, Osteogenesis Imperfects (0.1.) presentscardiopulmonary disorders in addition to bone andtooth disorders. Since penetrance varies, cases of rarecond itions can illuminate "hidden" SNP abnormalitiesin key gene clusters (e.g. MHC gene clusters, etc.).Considering lung disorders as you mentioned in yourcomments about pathogenesis, already known genemutations that present several major phenotypesincluding pulmonary diseases could become veryuseful. Perhaps Francis and others at the NIH couldcreate a trans-NIH approach that is enabled to visit thispandemic from the perspective of human phenotypevariance discovered via genomics?I asked Martha Somerman to explore the talentsavailable at NIDCR (and beyond) related to connectivetissue genetic diseases that associate with Types 1 and111 collagens, elastics, and hyaluronic acidglycoproteins AND lung tissue fibrosis, etc . She mayalso reach out to you.Meanwhile, thank you for your untiring efforts to usescience to inform health policy. Of course, let me knowif I can be of any use to you .Always, HalFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Susan:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 19:42:21 +0000Susan CorriganRE: CoronavirusThank for the note. I hope that all is well with you.Best regards,TonyFrom: Susan Corrigan (b)(6);,,sent: Wednesday, April 1, 2020 10:29 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]_ _____ "("b"..),(.=,6. ):>Subject: CoronavirusDear Dr. Fauci,I have seen quite a bit of you on television. I live in Miami now. South Florida is the epicenter of thecoronavirus. I wish Governor Desantis would shut down the state of Florida. Thank you from (b)(6)Susan CorriganFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Ralph:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 19:41:04 +0000Nader, RalphRE: COVID-19 QuestionI am so sorry that I took so long to get back to you. I receive over 1000 e-mails per day andeven with staff screening, I do not see them for days. There is still an issue/prob lem withserologic tests in that they need to be va lidated as being sensitive and specific. Many tests thathave been used t hus far are not accurate and ARE MISLEADING. The UK bought millions ofthese from China and found that they were inadequate. The FDA is in the process of validatingcertain tests this week and if they pass, then we can expect to have tests w ithin the next fewweeks to do the things that you have suggested.Best regards,TonyFrom: Nader, Ralph (b)(6)Sent : Wednesday, April 1, 2020 9:35 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)( > Subject: COVID-19 QuestionDear Dr Fauci,I hope this email finds you wel l.Thank you for everyth ing you are doing for our country in these difficult times.I realize your time is extremely valuable - especially during these times.I have one question - if you can help me answering it.Why are serologic tests not made abundantly available during these times?This will help in so many ways:- Can it be used to triage healthcare workers? Naturally "vaccinated" healthcare workers may be bet tertriaged to be on the front lines fo r example, taking care of COVID-19 patients. {In times of limited PPE,documentation of natural immunity is probably one of the best PPE's out there)-Another major use for it:People can be asked to remain home, until they have documentation of natural immunization .Serologic tests are very cheap, can be mailed, and done at home.Immunized individuals can carry the test as "proof" of immunity - and may be able to go back to worketc.It is just a thought. It may be a very candid question that I am asking.But while we are waiting for a vaccine (and this will take several months), some people may be able tobenefit from a very cheap test (that can be done at home) to short-circuit that waiting time.Thank you for everything you are doing to our country,You are such an inpiration to us all.I wish you all the best.Thank you.RalphRalph Nader, MDRenal Fellow - Boston Medical CenterInstructor of Medicine - Boston University School of MedicineEmail -------- (b)(Phone: -----(b)(6)Pager: (b) (6)This electronic transmission may contain information that is privileged, confidentia l and exempt fromdisclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient , please notify me immediately asuse of this information is strictly prohibited.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent : Sun, 12 Apr 2020 19:29:52 +0000To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [ElCc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Folkers, Greg (NIH/N IAID) [E];Routh, Jennifer(NIH/NIAID) [E];Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIA ID) [E)Subject: RE: documentary interview request: PBS+ Topspin ProductionsLet us discuss this tomorrow before we do anything. No one has any "exclusives" on anythingabout me.From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 3:27 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El ~======::---:'!..-~ Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El Cb)( '>; Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6)>; Routh, Jenn ifer (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH >; Stover, Kathy(NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6)>Subject: RE: documentary interview request : PBS+ Topspin ProductionsFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 3:01 PM(b) ( '>-----~~ To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]=======~ (b")"'-C:-;= Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>; Routh, Jennife r (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)( ; Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)( 6)> Subject: RE: documentary interview request: PBS+ Topspin Productions(b)(S Happy to discuss.From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ (b_) .~ >Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 2:55 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El _____ __(,b...).,(."6,")>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El CbH6J>F;o lkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El(b) (5)(b)(S)(b)(6)>; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E)- ---------- (b)( ; Stover, Kathy (NIH/NI A ID) [E) ______ (b_H _6)>Subject: ASF: documentary interview request: PBS+ Topspin ProductionsWe have received a request from the PBS program "American Masters" and Topspin Productions to do adocumentary about you. Their near-term ask is one or two brief video-l ink phone interviews during thenext few months. After the coronavirus pandemic has subsided, they would like to do "a proper sitdownin which you could tell us the stories that speak to the key moments in your remarkable career."On the face of it, this might seem to overlap with the Tobias/Hoffman project, but in the end I thinkthey'd be quite different products. Please let me know if you'd like us to seek clearance to proceed.On Apr 7, 2020, at 9:26 AM, Lia Carney <lia@topspinconten t.com> wrote:Hi Laura,Nice to speak yesterday. See below for formal reque st and informat ion about the series. Jfyou wouldn 't mind confirming receipt of th is email, I can make sure to let me partners inthis project know it is in the correct hands . Stay safe and thank you .Dear Dr. Fauci,To re-introd uce myself, I am Lia Dosik Carney , (b)(6) and an executiveproducer in Los Angele s. As you'll remember, we filmed with you last summer as a majorparticipant in a documentary we were producing centered around infect ious disease. Than kyou again for parti cipati ng and taking the time . It was great to hear about yourextraordinary career as well as a few interesting stories abou t (b) (6)Obviously even ts have taken over all of our lives . Like everyone else in this country, I amvery grate ful for your honest and steadfast leaders hip as we navigate our new reality.During this time , we 've been rethinking how we want to proceed with our docume ntary andhave come to reali ze focusing on you, your experi ences over the decades, how you have metevery challenge presented to you, would give all of us a roadmap for the future.To that end we are now in partn ership wi th AMERICAN MASTERS , PBS ' flagship seriesthat profiles and hon ors outstanding Americans. Together we would like to produce acomprehen sive look at your life, your experiences and your ins ights into how to deal withthe recurring diseases that conti nue to plague our lives.I have included below an introductory email from American Masters Executive Produce r,Michael Kantor , which will give you a broader sense of that exceptional PBS series and theextraordinary work they produce.We all lrnow how limited your time is now - and all of us are so appreciative of what youare doing. We re:spectfu lly hope you will allow u:s to chronicle your life in medicine. Weknow that as we emerge from this late st crisis - understanding how you were able to dealwith earlier plagues (HIV-Aids for instance) will - we hope - give all of us a betterunderstanding of the challenges all of us will continue to face.Appreciate your consideration. With respect, LiaDear Dr. Fauci,My name is Michael Kantor and I am the Executive Producer of the PBS AMERICANMASTERS series. I believe you know (b)(6)- I am writing today to see if you would allow us to make a film on your life andcareer. We would require very little of your precious time right now, perhaps oneor two very brief video-l ink phone interviews over the next few months, just as youhave appeared on Trevor Noah's The Daily Show and spoken with basketball starSteph Curry. Later this year, after the current crisis has subsided, we would findtime in your busy schedule for a proper sit-down in which you could tell us thestories that speak to the key moments in your remarkable career.I am excited to work with Lia Carney and Topspin Productions on this project,because it has been important to me to expand the roster of AMERICAN MASTERSfilms to include scient ists. Over its 33 year history , our series has profiled artistssuch as Leonard Bernstein, Maya Angelou and Raul Julia, athletes including BillieJean King and Ted Williams, and now we are presenting the stories of JamesWatson and Oliver Sacks in our pantheon of great films. Our series is dedicated totelling biographies with the utmost care, and for that reason we have beenhonored with awards like the Emmy, the Peabody, the Grammy and even anOscar.We would be honored to have you join us in our public television effort to educateAmericans about the domestic and global health issues that have been the focus ofyour career . This letter is brief because we respect your time, but we sincerelyhope that you will join us in creating a documentary of distinction for a broad anddiverse national audience.Sincerely yours,Michael KantorMichael KantorExecutive ProducerAmerican Ma stersThirteen I WNET825 Eighth AvenueNew York, NY 10019-7435212-560 -6975 (office)<image001.png>American Masters websiteFacebook !Twitter I TumblrFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSun, 12 Apr 2020 18:25:39 +0000Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: RE: Clarification in the chapters on Human Immunodeficiency virus disease:AIDS and related disorders ( Chapter 197 ) page 1445 and Toxoplasma infections ( Chapter 223 ) page1615, in Harrison's principles of internal medicine-20th EdThanks .From: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 2:24 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E]-- -------- ---- --(b~)( 6) Subject: Re: Clarification in the chapters on Human Immunodeficiency virus disease: AIDS and relateddisorders ( Chapter 197) page 1445 and Toxoplasma infect ions ( Chapter 223) page 1615, in Harrison'sprinciples of internal medicine-20th EdI responded to him and copied Kami Kim. He misread the two sections. We are saying the same things.I did not copy you.From: Anthony Fauci < Cb) (6)Date: Sunday, April 12, 2020 at 2:13 PM -------~~ To: "Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6) --------- Subject: FW: Clarification in th e chapters on Human Immunodefici ency virus disease: AIDS andrelated disorde rs ( Chapter 197 ) page 1445 and Toxoplasma infections ( Chapter 223 ) page1615 , in Harrison's pr inc iples of internal medicine-20th EdPlease take a look at this. We get these inquiries from Ind ians all the time. They read HPIMvery carefully. Is there anything we need to change here?From: Viswanathan Neelakantan (b)(6)> ---------- Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 3:35 AMTo: (b) (6); Fauci, A_nt_ho ny.. :{.N_.I._H.;_/N, IAID_); _[E.l: ....;_=======-(b-)(-6)Cc: Lane, Cliff (NIH/N IAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: Clarification in the chapters on Human Immunodeficiency virus disease: AIDS and relateddisorders ( Chapter 197) page 1445 and Toxoplasma infections ( Chapter 223) page 1615, in Harrison'sprinciples of internal medicine-20th EdDear Professor Anthony Fauci and Professor Kami Kim,Greet ings from Pondicherry , India. This is Dr K Neelakantan Viswanathan, Senior Professor of Medicinein a medical school here.Going through your excellent chapter, [Chapter 197) in page 1445, on AIDS and related disorders inHPIM-20, under secondary prophylaxis/ maintenance therapy for Toxoplasmosis it is said that "it maybe discontinued in the setting of effective cART and increases in CD4+ T cell counts to > 200 /microliter for 6 months".In page 1615, another wonderfully written chapter, ( Chapter 223) on Toxoplasma infect ions, ProfessorKami Kim has mentioned that " individuals who have completed initial ther apy for TE should receivetreatment indefinitely unless immune reconstitution with a CD4 + T cell cont of >200 occurs as aconsequence of cART".Since both feature in the same textbook followed worldwide by medicos, could you please clarify theabove?I stand subject to any correct ions.Hoping that we fight Covid-19 effective ly very soon. Stay safe.Regards and best wishes,Professor Dr K N ViswanathanFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Science Speaks:Thanks , Dan.Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 18:19:06 +0000Daniel LuceyRE: COVID-19: Rembrandt's Belshazzar's Feast in a time of chiaroscuro 2020 I-----Original Message-----·..------- --,.-s-,:;aa.From: Daniel Lucey (b) (Scot : Saturday, April 11, 2020 5: 14 PM- -------- ~ To : Fauci, Anthony (N1H/NIAlD) [E] CbHCc: Da ni el Lucey (bH >Subject: COVTD-19: Rembrandt 's Belshazzar' s Feast in a time of chiaroscuro 2020 I Science Speaks:Tony, Thank you for the immens e 24/7 contribution you are making to our nation. Your wife is right: Pis get moresleep and meals! Before Easter tomo rrow I am sharing this brief Old Testament story to which I gave a 2020interpretation. Today' s IDSA posting I am emphasizing that simultaneous antibody and virus RNA tests shou ld bedone on "relaps ed" or "reinfected " Covid-19 patients e.g. , South Korea (N=91), China , elsewhere. I am lookingforward to giving NIAID Grand Rounds May 1st with Barney Graham and John Beig e!. Dan (b)(6)https://sciences peaksblog .org/2020 /04/09/covid-19 -rembrandt s-belshazzars -foast- in-a-time-of-chiaroscuro-2020 /Sent from my iPhoneFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 18:12:0 1 +0000Barton Haynes, M.D.Subject: RE: coach K vi deo for DHVIThanks, Bart. Glad to have you working on the COVID-19 issue.From: Barton Haynes, M.D . .__ ______ Cb().6.).>,,Se nt: Sunday, April 12, 2020 8:47 AM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Subject: RE: coach K video for DHVICoach K and I came to duke on the same day in 1980 and (b)(6)- ... when I was chair and he wasn't quite so famous, he used to see all my division chiefrecruits and help me recruit. He is a really good guy, as you know.Am on the francis Collins-appointed NIH working group for COVID19 vaccines, first meet ing in the am ...Will continue to flog CoV2 simultanelously while making good progress on HIV. This past week had 4HIV SABS, CHAVD, an IPCAVD, an HIVRAD we have with Scripps, and our GMP unit.. ... all on line. Notmessing around .... All went really, really well.Thanks for all you continue to do.Best bartFrom: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Sent: Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 10:32 PMTo: Barton Haynes, M.D. _______ C>b~6J>Subject: RE: coach K video for DHVIVery nice!!From: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)Se nt: Friday, April 3, 2020 8:21 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)_ _____ "("b"")"("=6' )Subject: coach K video for DHVIHi tony; if you get a chance, here is a 3 min. video Coach K did last week for DHVI. I sent it to all 270DHVI members and they were very inspired!Thanks for sending your interview with K. it is terrific.All the best BFrom: Jon Jackson (b)(6)>Sent : Thursday, March 26, 2020 12:59 PMTo: Barton Haynes, M.D. ________ Cb _>C6J>Subject: Re: saw your videohttps://www.dropbox.com/s/2f6b142lv63el0f/lMG 0250.MOV?dl=0Sent from my iPhoneFrom:Sent:To:Cc:(NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject:OK. We can discuss .Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 202017:27:46 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E);NIAID OD AMStover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E);Leifman, Laura (NIH/NIAID) [E];Routh, JenniferRE: SerosurveyFrom: Folkers, Greg {NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 11:26 AMTo: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)( •>; Leitman, Laura (NIH/NIAID) [E)-------- (b)(6); Routh, Jennifer {NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6) Subject: RE: SerosurveyMarilyn Marchione: I'm writing to request a chance to embed with a team doing a coronavirusserosurvey, to tell a public health story from the front lines as I believe I'm uniquely positionedto do.(b)(5)Let us discuss in a.m.-----O riginal Message-----From: Marchione, Marilynn <MMarchione@ap.org >Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:56 AM ------~= To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6l>Cc: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6l>C; onrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]CbH6)S; tover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6l>;L eifman,Laura (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: FW: SerosurveyHello Dr. Fauci,I hope you are stayi ng well in these trying times.I'm writing to request a chance to embed with a team doing a coronavirus serosurvey, to tell apublic health story from the front lines as I believe I'm uniquely positioned to do. I've made asimilar request to the CDC, but the nationwide reach of the NIAID serosurvey might make myproposal easier to consider, so I'm coming hat in hand to you as well.Twenty years ago, as a temporary CDC employee during a four-month Knight Journalismfellowship , I had the opportun ity to take the EIS course in Atlanta and then work on several CDCoutbreak and disease invest igations . One was a serosurvey on Long Island after West Nile virushad recently emerged in the U.S.I headed one of a dozen CDC teams that included a driver, a phlebotomist and a health aidefrom the New York state and Suffolk County health departments. We went door-to-door toconsent part icipants, get blood samples and do interviews on exposure and symptoms.I appreciate the tremendous scientific value that serosurveys offer and the kind of attention todetai l and study rigor that's needed to get reliable information. I'm also a longtime medicaljournalist who understands and is sensitive to confidential ity, ethical and privacy concerns. I'vebeen recognized by my peers as a science writing leader .https :lj casw. org/ casw / a rti cle/m a ri lyn n-m arch ione-associated-press-wi ns-victor-coh n-prizeI've attached some letters from CDC and othe r health officials regard ing my work on theserosurvey, a photo of the EIS and CDC team (that's me toward the right in the front row) andthe MMWR report resulting from our work . The field supervisor -- Dr. Anthony Marfin, nowwith the global vaccine group PATH ( (b)(6) is willing to speak to you on mybehalf. Dr. Richard Besser, now president of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundat ion, was myfellowship superviso r and mentor at CDC. Others I worked with include Dr. Anne Schuchat, Dr.John Ward, Dr. Robert Tauxe and Dr. Lyle Petersen .And of course, you know me from nearly three decades of medical writ ing, includ ing theHIV/AIDS government trip to Africa when Tommy Thompson was healt hy secretary.The Associated Press reaches half of the world 's population every day. I hope to offer a storythat I and the AP are uniquely able to provide , to show and explain how public health is doneand how science is accompl ished during a pandemic . Thank you for considering my request.Marilynn MarchioneChief Med ical WriterThe Associated Press(b)(6)mmarchione@ap.orgTwitter: @MMarch ioneAPThe information contained in this communication is intended for the use of the designatedrecipients named above. If the reader of this communication is not the intended recipient, youare hereby notified that you have received this communication in error, and that any review,dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you havereceived this communication in error, please notify The Associated Press immediately bytelephone at +1-212-621-1500 and delete this email. Thank you.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 202017:12:57 +0000Barton Haynes, M.D.Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyOf course. No problem.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:10 PM To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]-- --------~-=- -- (b)(6)> Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyIf he wants also to talk to me should I also talk to him?From: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b) ( > Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:09 PM --------~= To: Barton Haynes, M.D. ---------- (b)(6) Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyYes to your questions.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b) (6) > _________ _,.Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:06 PM -----~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyI know you don't have time to answer these but if you do fine, if not, ok.Just don't want to screw something up.Is it fair to say that shelly was not only a mentor but a father figure. You and shelly were very close.also fair to say shelly was your most impo rtan t mentor in your career?Tx bartFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:44 PM To: Barton Haynes, M.D. -_-_-_-_-_-_-_- ~ C_b)_~(6_)'Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyBart:No problem. Go for it!Best.TonyFrom: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:26 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -----------~-~-- (b)(6) Subject: FW: Wall Street Journal storyHi tony; the fellow who wrote the article about you as point guard for St. Regis and the nation from theWall street journal wants to talk to me about shelly wolff and you per below. is that ok? I will of coursesay only those things that are unbelievable but t rue .... which are all wonderful.. ... best bartFrom: Ben Cohen <ben.cohen@wsj .com>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:31 AM --------~~ To : Barton Haynes, M.D . ..._ ________ Cb _) _(6)Subject: Wall Street Journ al storyDr. Haynes ,I'm a reporter from the Wall Street Journal and, more important , a friend of Ben's from Duke.l've written quite a bit about your mentor and friend Dr. Fauci in the last few weeks, and I'mworking on another story now that I was hoping you might be able to help with.This story is about his mentor, Dr. Wolff , and how Dr. Wolff helped tum Dr. Fauci into theperson he is today. I would love to hear more about their relationship from your perspective. Iknow this is an insanely busy time, but would you have a few minutes to chat by phone?Thanks very much for your help. I hope you're safe and well in Durham.All best ,BenBen CohenThe Wall Street Journal212-416-3420 (o)(b)(6) c)ben.co hen@ws j.comFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 17:10:22 +0000Barton Haynes, M.D.Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyThanks.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. _______ Cb_)(.6..),>,Se nt: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:10 PM -----~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyI am going to refer him to you per the last note. Best bartFrom: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b) ( > Se nt: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:09 PM -------~~ To: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)> _________ .,Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyYes to your questions.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. _________ (b) (6_), .>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1 :06 PM ------~= To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyI know you don't have time to answer these but if you do fine, if not, ok.Just don't want to screw something up.Is it fair to say that shelly was not only a mentor but a father figure. You and shelly were very close.also fair to say shelly was your most important mentor in your career?Tx bartFrom : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:44 PM --------~ ~ To: Barton Haynes, M.D. _________ C_b)_(6_)'Subject : RE: Wall Street Journal storyBart:No prob lem. Go for it!Best.TonyFrom: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:26 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -----------~-~-- (b)(6) Subject: FW: Wall Street Journal storyHi tony; the fellow who wrote the article about you as point guard for St. Regis and the nation from theWall street journal wants to talk to me about shelly wolff and you per below. is that ok? I will of coursesay only those things that are unbelievable but t rue .... which are all wonderful.. ... best bartFrom: Ben Cohen <ben.cohen@wsj .com>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:31 AM -------~~- To : Barton Haynes, M.D . ________ Cb)_(6),....Subject: Wall Street Journ al storyDr. Haynes ,I'm a reporter from the Wall Street Journal and, more important , a friend of Ben's from Duke.l've written quite a bit about your mentor and friend Dr. Fauci in the last few weeks, and I'mworking on another story now that I was hoping you might be able to help with.This story is about his mentor, Dr. Wolff , and how Dr. Wolff helped tum Dr. Fauci into theperson he is today. I would love to hear more about their relationship from your perspective. Iknow this is an insanely busy time, but would you have a few minutes to chat by phone?Thanks very much for your help. I hope you're safe and well in Durham.All best ,BenBen CohenThe Wall Street Journal212-416-3420 (o)(b)(6) c)ben.co hen@ws j.comFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 17:08:21 +0000Neil Lacey - COOTRE: THANK YOUThanks, Neil. I appreciate your note.Best,TonyFrom: Neil Lacey- COOT <neil.lacey@state.co.us>Se nt: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:05 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) ----- -= (b=H=6J>Subject: THANK YOUThank you Dr. Birx and Dr. Fauci:At a time when America needs it most both of you have courageously stood at the podium at the WhiteHouse press briefings and explained what we all need to be doing during this paralyzing COVID-19pandemic. When othe rs have failed to lead, multiple task forces have struggled prioritizing safety fi rstbefore economics, both of you have tag teamed presenting the data and the analytics of COVID-19 bydecoding its complexities and giving us the "honest t ruth" in language that is easy to understand . Thevirus will end when it ends and not before. Thank you both for your service to the nation and for doingyour jobs with conviction and commitment in doing the right thing - sticking to science and not yieldingto politics . America is immensely grate ful for both of you telling us all what we need to hear and whatwe need to do. You are both giants in the world of medicine .Very appreciative,Neil Lace(b)(6)Sent from my iPhoneFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Bart:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 17:07:23 +0000Barton Haynes, M.D.RE: Wall Street Journal storyI would be happy to talk to him about Shelly. People like to make stories as opposed toreporting on a story. Shelly was one of my best friends and mentor , but I was me way before Imet Shelly, and so I am not really sure what he means by saying that Shelly " ... he lped turn Dr.Fauci into the person he is today".Best,TonyFrom: Barton Haynes, M.D ----------(b)(6) Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:45 PM ------ ~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyOf course the reason I am asking is tha t it is presumptious for me to talk to him about shellys influenceon you .... perhaps I should just refer him to you?Don't want to do anything either inappropriate, non helpful or what you don't what. Best bartFrom: Barton Haynes, M.D.Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:26 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] _-_-__-__-_-__-__-__-_-_ --------=- C_b>:_C-6): -=Subject: FW: Wall Street Journal storyHi tony; the fellow who wrote the article about you as point guard for St. Regis and the nation from theWall street journal wants to talk to me about shelly wolff and you per below. is that ok? I will of coursesay only those things that are unbelievable but true .... which are all wonderful.. ... best bartFrom: Ben Cohen <ben.cohen@wsj .com>Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:31 AM -------- -=-s:"'=<l To: Barton Haynes, M.D. ---------- (b)(6) Subject: Wall Street Journal storyDr. Haynes,I'm a reporter from the Wall Street Journal and, more important, a friend of Ben's from Duke.I've written quite a bit about your mentor and friend Dr. Fauci in the last few weeks, and I'mworking on another story now that I was hoping you might be able to help with .This story is about his mentor, Dr. Wolff, and how Dr. Wolff helped tum Dr. Fauci into theperson he is today. I would love to hear more about their relationship from your perspective . Iknow this is an insanely busy time, but would you have a few minutes to chat by phone?Thanks very much for your help. I hope you're safe and well in Durh am.All best ,BenBen CohenThe Wall Street Journ al212 -4 16-3420 (o)(b)( (c)ben.cohen@ws j.comFrom:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 12:30:56 +0000To:Cc:Conley, Sean P. CDR USN WHMO/WHMU;Short, Marc T. EOP/OVPBirx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC;Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: RE: 15 minute Coronavrius machinesThanks, Sean.From: Conley, Sean P. CDR USN WHMO/WHMU --------- (b)(6)Sent: Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 11:18 PM To: Short, Marc T. EOP/OVP ------------------ (~b)(= •> ; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b) (6) >Cc:B irx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC ----------(b)( >; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b )( 6)Subject: Re: 15 minute Coronavrius machinesI'll look into the possibility of freeing up a machine for investigation.SeanSent from my iPhoneOn Apr 11, 2020, at 10:15 PM, Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)>wrote:Ma·-L~--c-.------------------------.. ~ (b) (5)TonyAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of Health(b) (5)Bethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b) (6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confident ial and maycontain sensitive information . It should not be used by anyone who is not theoriginal intended recipient. If you have received th is e-mail in error please inform thesender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices . The Nationa lInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for anystatements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representa tives.From:Sent :To:Subject:Marc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 12:30:19 +0000Short, Marc T. EOP/OVPRE: 15 minute Coronavrius machinesThanks for the note. Understood . I wish you a peaceful and enjoyable day with your family.Best regards,TonyFrom: Short, Marc T. EOP/OVP (b)(6)Sent : Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 11:57 PM -----~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6J>Cc: Conley, Sean P. CDR USN WHMO/WHMU -~-~~====-(b,)(:6)_>; _B_irx:,_ D~eb orah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6) >; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ---------- Subject: Re: 15 minute Coronavrius machinesDr Fauci,You correctly noticed the symptoms but misdiagnosed the root cause. I(bXS)PCEApologies for a poor poker face. Best wishes to you and your family for a blessed Easter celebration ofour Savior's resurrection.Thanks for all you do,MarcSent from my iPhoneOn Apr 11, 2020, at 10:15 PM, Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) _______ (b)(6_),wrote:Marc:TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b) (6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confident ial and maycontain sensitive information. It should not be used by anyone who is not theoriginal intended recipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform thesender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for anystatements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representa tives.From:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 12:28:27 +0000Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: Fearing appointmentPlease respond as appropriate.-----Original Message-----From: Daniel Kolliker _________ (~bH=6)>Sent: Sunday , April 12, 2020 4:53 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)._ _____ (b)_( _,>Subject: Fearing appointmentDear Mr Fauci,We are really wondering over here in Europe why you don't take a dedicated opinion on COVID-19 and share youropinion at the daily briefings to the extent of your personal believes.We really expect you to oppose the president wherever you have a different opinion, which we believe is based onfacts.Please consider our request and don't let the president keep spreading his lies to the people of the United States.We would really appreciate watching you on the briefing s telling the nation the truth that is based on yourexperience straight to the point.Thank you so much,Daniel Kolliker and acquaintancesFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSun, 12 Apr 2020 12:27:36 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/N IAID) [ElFW: ---------(b)(4)Please take a look at th is and respond as you see fit. Thanks.From : (b)(6) ----------------- Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 5:54 A-M- ---- ::;..,..-,= To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>(b)(4)Subject : ==========:----------------------(b) (4)Dear Dr. FauciI know that you are very occupied .Please handle the draft confidentially .Thank you very much!Sincerely, D. Novosel, Switzerlandwww.novosel.ch(b) (4)From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 22:57 :51 -0400Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C];Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [ElTeleconferenc e next week1 have asked john Mascola to connec t with you to set up a conference call with john, me, Carl, Emily some time nextweek. Subject is out of the box chinking about COYID-19From:Sent:Eisinger, Robert {NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSat, 11 Apr 2020 22:08 :16 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: Letter sent on behalf ofChancellor Jeffrey P. Gold, M.D.This is another email from Jeff Gold at UNMC in response to an email that you sent him.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infect ious DiseasesNationa l Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(6)From: Gold, Jeffrey P (b)( >Sent : Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 3:12 PM -------=-=--== To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIA ID) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: Re: letter sent on behalf of Chancellor Jeffrey P. Gold, M.O.Tony,Many thanks for taking the time to respond. Please let me know if I can help in any way.Our mobile device app (developed with Apple) has been quite helpful and is growing in use (over lOK) asa screening, referral and surveillance tool for several user sets.Just one of the many areas we continue to develop .Best wishesjeffFrom: "M. Anthony S. Fauci" --------- (b)(6)> Date: Saturday, April 11, 2020 at 1:52 PMTo: "Go ld, Jeffrey P" (b)(6)Subject: RE: let ter sent on behalf of Chancellor Jeffrey P. Gold, M.D.Non-UNMC emailJeff:Many th anks for your kind not e. Hope that all is well with you .Best regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892-2520Phone: (b) (6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: -------------------- (b) (6) On Behalf Of Gold, Jeffrey P Sent: Friday, April 10, 2020 12:57 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ~_,: __ _;__:,..:.:==:===:;;---------Cc: Gold, Jeffrey P (b)(6)Subject: Letter sent on behalf of Chancellor Jeffrey P. Gold, M.D.Importance: HighApril 10, 2020Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases5601 Fishers Lane, MSC 9806Bethesda , MD 20892-9806(b)(6)Dear Dr. Fauci:I write simply to thank you and congratulate you for your incredible efforts during the management ofthis pandemic as it reaches across our nation . The unique challenges that this pandemic hascreated have also created opportunities , and we here at the University of Nebraska Medical Centerhave proudly participated with our federal, state and local partners during this COVID-19 pandemicas well as over the last 16 years, having matured an extensive program in the research, education,and clinical components of highly infectious diseases and biocontainment.The UNMC Center for Global Health Security has been the umbrella organization that has organizedall of these components and continues to have strong leadership from retired military public healthas well as gifted research scientists from across the nation. As a co-founding partner of NETEC, asa recipient of the Regional Disaster Health Service Awards, and as a close collaborator with theDepartment of Health and Human Services, the Department of Defense, the Department ofHomeland Security and the Department of State, we have enjoyed the opportunity to always "leanin" as the need arises.I am sure your days are full not only of the complex logistics and tension that fill leadership roles atthis time but also maintaining a "steady hand on the rudder" as we navigate these challengingwaters. I think back to my days at New York Presbyterian and Cornell Med, knowing that we areboth Cornell Med grads, both did our residency and fellowship training in New York, and have hadthe opportunity to interact back so many years ago. I do remember quite well the first time that wemet and have always reflected warmly at having even a brief opportunity to interact.I do not write to ask for anything but to just simply thank you for all that you continue to do and knowthat you always have a friend here in Nebraska. I wish you and your family the very best as wecontinue this journey.Most sincerely,(b)(6)Jeffrey P. Gold, M.D.Chancellor(b)(6)Administrative Associate IChancellor Jeffrey P. Gold's OfficeUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center986605 Nebraska Medical Center I Omaha, NE 68198-6605____ (b_H_6)1 fax 402.559.4396(b)(6)UNMC I Facebook [facebook .com] I Twitter [tw itter .com) I lnstagram (instagram.coml I YouTube[youtube.coml I Flickr lflickr.comlThe informat ion in thi s e-mail may be priv ileged and confidential, intended only for the use of theaddressee(s) above . Any unauthorized use or disclosu re of this informat ion is prohibited. If you havereceived this e-mail by mistake, please delete it and immediately contact the sender .The information in this e-mail may be privileged and confidentia l, intended only for the use of theaddressee(s) above. Any unauthorized use or disclosure of this informat ion is prohibited. If you havereceived this e-mai l by mistake, please delete it and immed iately contact the sender .From:Sent :Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSat, 11 Apr 2020 22:02 :38 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject:Attachme nts:FW: Please send me your cell phone#.COVID-19 Craig Schirmer Memo 04 .10.20.pdfThis email is from Jeffrey Sachs.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Ass istant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institu te of Allergy aod Tnfectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Driv e, Room 7 A-03Bethesda MD 20892(b)(6)(b)(-----Original Messag-e-----------, ~= From: Jeffrey Sachs (b) (Sent: Saturday, April 11, 2020 4:50 PM-- ---~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) > ______ ___,Subject: Re: Please send me your cell phone # .Looking forward to speaking ,JeffOn 4/11/20, 4:28 PM, "Fauci, Anthony (NTH/NIAID ) [E)"- ------- (b)( wrote:Mine is -----(b)(6)(b) (4)From: (b)(6)Sent :To:Subject:Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:25:18 -0400Evans, Michele (NIH/NIA/IRP) [E]Re: Covid-19 Health DisparitiesMichele:Many thanks for your note.Best regards,TonyOn Apr 7, 2020 , at 8:28 PM, Evans , Michele (NIH/NIA /IRP ) [E](b) (6) > w rote:Dear Dr. Fauci,Thank you from the bottom of my heart for highl ighting the healthdisparities and dispropor tionate burden of disease influencing outcomeof Covid-19 infections in African Amer icans. Participants in myobservational, longitudinal, epidemiologic Baltimore -based study,HANDLS https://handls.nih.gov/ are terrified by the level of disease they areseeing in their communit ies across Baltimore. We have been on thephone with and texting participants to educate them , support them intheir efforts to get tested, remind them of the importance of socialdistancing and self-isolation when appropriate to protect theirhealth . We are acutely aware of the ir fragility. Testing in Baltimore islimited. The National Guard has set up community test ing at thePimlico Race Track; however , although we have deployed our mobilemedical research vehicles to Pimlico in the past to conduct our study,the current crime rate is such that our partic ipants and communityresidents in general do not go to the Pimlico area especially if they areon foot. The other issue with testing for African Americans and ourparticipants is the need to have a health care provide r that one cancontract to discuss symptoms to get a refe rral for testing. Theunravelling of the Affordable Care Act has severely impacted access forAfrican Americans across the nation and especially in Baltimore . Ourparticipants are calling my staff clinician and nurse practitioner forreferrals if they have symptoms. We have reached out to colleagues atHealth Care for the Homeless, JHU and other medical entities tofacilitate access.Thank you all you are doing. Since I work in Baltimore, I haven't seen(b)(6). The current pandemic however, reminds meof the days of the AIDS epidemic when I worked as Sam Broder'sspecial assistant for underserved populations wh ile Peggy Hamburgworked for you . I was in awe of you and Sam then and I remain in aweof you today. I have known many Regis men ... but you are clearly headand shoulders above them all.Michele K. Evans, M.D.Deputy Scientific Director &Chief,Health Disparities Research SectionNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthNIH Biomedical Research Program251 Bayview BoulevardSuite 100 Room 4C-222Batimore, Maryland 21224Email: (b)(6)Tel. (b)(6)https://irp .nih.gov/pi/michele-evanshttps://handls .nih.gov/From:Sent :To:Cc:(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:22 :40 -0400Janet TobiasConrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El· ----------- (b)(6) Subject: Re: Updates: FilmJanetAll this sounds fine and workabl e.Thanks ,TonyOn Apr 7, 2020 , at 8:31 PM, Janet Tobias <janet@ ikanamedia.com>wrote :Dear Tony and Patty:Responses to Burklow 's questions to me from your group call yesterday:1) I think we have landed in the right place for the film about yom life. Nat Geo,Disney, and Bob Iger himse lf, all understand the need for discretion now but arewildly supportive about relea sing a film that will celebrat e the importance of yourlife, science and public hea lth. I wanted the bes t home, broades t distribution , andstrongest team for your film. You have entrusted me with your sto1y, so I ju st wantto do right by it. We are really happy with the filming that we have done so farpersonal (b)(6) home, school) to work ( office etc).3) The other film we have been working on (ENDING AIDS), which followsgloba lly the HVTN trials/latest Aids research to comp lete " the toolbox" is definitelystill happening. It is now in pause with COVID-19 . . .. but will move forward againwhen we get through this. Filming at research sites in South Africa, US, and LatinAmerica has been great...and when you have time - in the future- I will outline .You obviously are a key subject in ENDING AIDS also , but ENDING AIDS willspend a lot of time with doctors at the field research sites and with volunt eers in thetrials. The Aids conference and meetings footage we have shot with you wi ll beshared between films, smart ly and distinctly. ENDING AIDS will be released ayear plus later than the release of your biographical film- I am focuse d on your filmnow. Howard Hughes Medical Institute remai ns the educational pa1iner on ENDINGAIDS. In the fall we will fina lize the broadcast/streaming partner for ENDINGAIDS. So, bottom line it will be released a year after your film , and will be a filmfocused on showing in detail where we are now with aids research and the keypeople in the chain from you 10 a young fem ale voluntee r in South Africa/a youngmale volunteer in Binningham.FILMING REQUESTS for your film now.4) NO more ask ing to film with the Task Force.5) I do have two persona l filming requests for you - would it be poss ible to drive toNIH with you once or twice a week and capture your working/ap propriat econversat ions in the car. That will be so helpful narratively to tracking you rscientific and communic ation leadership. The footage we did that first day is trulygreat. We will just tum around and come back after the ride there--- in our followcar (we have NIH access badges). Second ly, would it be possible to sit down withyou on camera for J 5 minutes once a week ( on the weekend?) at the office or on theback deck/some safe location to talk with me in real time about what you aremanaging with treatments , vaccines , etc. so we can pull thescientific /conunw1-icatio11 nanative on COVID-19 through your film.6) We love the live truck and the walks, so whenever that works we will be there.7) l NEVER ever want to interfere with the work on the Task Force, lives are atstake. IF something doesn't work for filming no questions asked we don' t do it, westop, cancel/pivot. No need to explain, the team here understands and only wants todo what works for you, your team . .. , (b)( '1 .With appreciation ,JanetFrom:Sent:To:(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:14 :53 -0400Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: Fwd: Invitatio n to speak to ABEA in virtual meetingNoBegin forwarded message:From: "Allen , Clint (NIH/NIDCD) [E]" (b)( >Date: April 8, 2020 at 9:16:55 AM EDTTo: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]" <f (bH6);>Subject: Invitation to speak to ABEA in virtual meetingDr. Fauci-Almost embarrassed to ask, but would you be willing /able to speak virtually to theAmerican Broucho-Esophagological Association (abea.ne t) on Friday April 24th?This year marks the 100th anniversary of this venerable organi zation that bringstogether clinic ians (mainly Otolaryngologi sts) who care for patients with complexupper aerodigestive tract disorders. Our annual National Meeting has been cancelledand we are hosting a virtual meeting it it's stead.As Otolaryngologi sts, we are curren tly and expect to continue to be dramaticallyimpacted by the current pandemic, given that our care for patients rout inely includesupper airway endoscopy (30-40 scope proc edures a day is routine) which as youknow is a high-risk aerosolizing procedure. As I'm sure you are aware,Otolaryngolgists have been amongst the hardest hit clinicians in terms of patient-toprovidertransmission of COVID-19.Your input for 10- l 5 minutes would be an honor. Discussion topics could includegeneral comments about the pandemic, a sense of what to expect in the comingmonths and years, and what we can do as medical leaders to prepare for thesechanges in the US and abroad.If this is something you are intere sted in, with whom on your communications teamcould I communicate?Thanks so much for the consideration - your brief presence and input would mean agreat deal to our society.Clint AllenFrom:Sent :To :(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:08:26 -0400Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: Fwd: Council of Scientific Society Presidents Support of Science AwardAttachments : Fauci_CSSP_ Award.pdf, ATT00001.htm , CSSPB rochure_2019 v3.pdf,ATT00002.htmLet us discuss. They want to give me an award virtually. Probably should accept if it requiresno time or workBegin forwarded message:From: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)( >Date: April 9, 2020 at 10:52:49 AM EDTTo: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Subject: F,v: Council of Scientific Society Presidents Support of ScienceAwardPatricia L. ConradPublic Health Analyst andSpecial Assistant to the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesThe National Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, MSC 2520 - Room 7 A03Bethesda, Maryland 20892(b)(6)301-496-4409 faxDisclaimer:The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confiden tial and may contain sensit ive informat ion. Itshou ld not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you have rece ived this e-ma il in errorplease inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liabil ity for any statement made that are sender's own and notexpress ly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Mosher, Sharon <smosher@jsg.utex as.edu>Sent: Thursday, April 9, 2020 10:31 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------,;; (b")"(='"6')Cc: Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [CJ (b)(6b; Conrad, Patricia(NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( >Subject: Council of Scientific Society Presidents Support of Science AwardDear Dr. Fauci;Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) would like to honor you with ourSupport of Science Award at our May Leadership Workshop (virtual). The purpose of th isaward is to honor those who have proven the ir outstand ing support of U.S. science, freescientific communication, and a support of basic science research. The expertise withwhich you guide the United States through these unprecedented COVID-19 times simplyreinforces the dedication you exhibit to ensure the greatest safety to the greatest numberof US citizens.Dr. Martin Apple talked to Kim Barasch earlier this week. Please find the attached formalinvitation letter she indicated that was needed. I have also attached a PDF of a brochure,though most information is on our website .If you or Kim have any questions, please let me know by email or phone .Sincerely,Sharon MosherSharon MosherFarish Chair and ProfessorThe University of Texas at AustinJackson School of Geosciences2305 Speedway, Stop C1160Austin, TX 78712-1692(b) (6) (cell)smosher@jsg.utexas.eduFrom:Sent :To:Cc:(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:04 :03 -0400Alison GalvaniSubject:Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Seyed Moghadas ;Singer,Burton HRe: Your Submission THELANCETID-D-20-01518R1Thanks, AlisonOn Apr 9, 2020, at 7:46 PM, Alison Galvani ---------- (b)(6>) wrote:Hi Tony,I thought you might be interested in our projections regard ing ventilator needs in theUS. The brief report ( attached) was accepted at Lancet ID yesterday. Funded byNIAID :)Take care,Alison---------- Forwarded message ---------From: Phoebe Hall <em@editoria lmanag er.com>Date: Wed, Apr 8, 2020 at 9:36 AMSubject: Your Submis sion THELANCE TID-D-20-01518RlTo: Galvani, Alison (b)(6)Dear Professor Galvani,Reference: THELANCETID-D-20-01518Rl, Projecting the demand for ventilatorsat the peak of COVID-19 outbreaks in the United StatesI am pleased to tell you that your submission , Proj ecting the demand for ventilatorsat the peak of COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States, has been accepted forpublication in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.In due course you will receive, electronically , a set of pdf proofs of your article .Please note that because of our varied and international readership, The LancetInfectious Diseases edits heavily to a strict house style. Thus, changes willinevitably be made to your manuscrip t at this time. There will also probably be afew final editorial queries at this stage. Please correct and return these pages by thedeadline stated in the covering email.Finally, please note that The Lancet Infectious Diseases is committed to supportauthors in making their work publicly and freely available. The editors encourageauthors to post a word-processed document (NOT the published journ al article asPDF) of their peer-reviewed, accepted article on personal or institutional websitesany time after publication in print or online . Your document should include thearticle citation and a link to The Lancet Infectious Diseases's homepage . Please notethat posting and distribution of PDF or HTML documents, however, is notacceptable and breaches your copyright agreement.Please complete the following Journal Publishing Agreement:https :/ /nam0 5. safe links. pro tee tion. ou tlook.com/?url =https%3 A %2F%2Fwww. thelancet.com%2Fforauthors%2Fforms%3Fsec tion%3Djpa&data =02% 7C0 1 % 7Calison.galvani%40yale. edu¾ 7 Cl c0ddd00e9ca4 l 3 f77 l 008d 7 d be 1e52 9% 7 Cdd8cbebb2 l 3 94df8 b4 l l 4e3e87abeb5c%7C0 %7C0%7C637219498130294598&:sdata =WoXBAmJN sM9SBkf aeGK.Azv AN g%2BSzbZAw94aO5%2BAtP%2FY%3D&:reserved =0Please retain a copy for your files and email a completed copy toHALLP@science.regn.net. Please ensure all the pages are returned.WHO AUTHORSIf you or any of your co-authors are employed directly by the World HealthOrganization , you have the option of either signing Elsevier 's standard agreement orour WHO/Elsevier non-exclusive licence agreement. Please contact our DeputyOperations Manager, Marco Conforti (m.conforti @elsevier.com) for a copy of theWHO agreement.Yours sincerely ,Phoebe HallSenior EditorThe Lancet Infectious DiseasesE-mail: phoebe.hall @lancet.comIn compliance with data protection regulations , you may reque st that we removeyow-personal registration details at any time. (Use the following URL:https :/ /nam05. safe links. pro tee tion. outlook.com /?url =https%3 A %2F%2Fwww. editorialman ager.com%2Fthelance tid%2Flogin.asp%3Fa%3Dr&:data =02% 7C0 1 % 7Calison. galvani%40yale.edu% 7C 1 c0ddd00e9ca413f77 l 008d7 dbc 1 e529% 7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4 114e3e87abeb5c %7C0% 7C0% 7C637219498130294598&:sdata=jKlkjtzfbMH6UMOPZ%2BvavnATDZkEB9y2up55tmx UA5A %3D&:reserve d=0). Please contact the publication office if you have any questions.Alison Galvani , PhDDirector, Yale Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA)Burnett and Stender Families Professor of EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthYale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06520(b)(6)http ://c i dma.yale.e du/Follow me at @Alison_Galvan;Follow CIDMA @YCJDMA<Briefr eport on ventilator needs.docx>From:Sent :To:Cc:Subjec t:Jack:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 19:56:00 +0000Jack KillenAuchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [E]RE: From Jack Killen & Fred BoykinMany th anks fo r you r kind note.Best,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)(b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : Jack Killen (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 7, 20201 :31 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Auchinclo ss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [E] ----------- (b)(6)Subject: From Jack Killen & Fred BoykinDear Tony:This is a quick note to say Fred and I have been watch ing you every day, in awe, fo r weeks now. Wecould not be more grateful for your leadership, wisdom, courage, and integrity . Our country could notbe more fortu nate that you are still there in guiding us through this terr ible time. Needless to say, manymemories of our years working together have been in the forefront of our minds.On a ersonal note (b)(6)(b)(6)My epidem ic battling skills are rusty , but if there is anything I can do to help in any way, please know Iare here for you. Fred is as well.Godspeed, and please take care of yourself. Best to you, ---(b)- (6-lan-d your family.Jack Killen MD(b)(6)From:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSat, 11 Apr 2020 19:50 :06 +0000George GAOSubject: RE: Vaccine - confidential PPTGeorge:Thank you for you r kind note . All is well despite some crazy people in thi swor ld.Warm regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : George GAO (b)(6)Sent: Wednesday, April 8, 2020 4:36 AM -------=-:-=, To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El- ------- (b)(6) Subject: Re: Vaccine - confidential PPTTonyI saw some news (hope it is fake) that are being attacked by some peopl e. Hope you are well und ersuch a irrational situation.___________________________ Cb _> (4) Thank you for yourintro duction.All the best and stay safe.BwGeorgett 2020~3~ 29 B, 09:07, Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)>~~ :George:Thanks for the note. I understand completely. No problem. We will get through thistoge t her.Bed regards,TonyOn Mar 28, 2020, at 8:50 PM, George GAO _____ Cb_H_6J wrote:Dear TonyI know you are working extremely hard with a lot of pressure. Hope the USsituation is getting bettereventully. I saw the Science interview, how could Isay such a word "big mistake" about others? That was journalist's word ing.Hope you understand. It was NOT a real interview but a QaA through socialmedia for several days when ge asked me what China has done and isworking on. Lets work toget her to get the virus out of the earth.Best wishesGeorgett 2020~3~ 3 B , 21:10, Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6) ~~ : --------George:Thanks for the note. I will send th is to Dr. JohnMascola Director of the NIAID Vaccine ResearchCente r and Dr. Barney Graham to follow-up withyou .Best regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments isconfidential and may contain sensitive information. Itshould not be used by anyone who is not the originalintended recipien t. If you have received this e-mail in errorplease inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox orany other storage devices. The National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liabil ity forany stateme nts made that are the sender's own and notexpressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of itsrepresentatives.From: George GAO (b)( 6)Sent: Tuesday, March 3, 2020 7:12 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)( 6) Subject : Vaccine- confidentia l PPTDearTonyHope th is email finds you well and the US will soon get t heCOVID-19 down .All t he bestGeorge~§fta-9 iPhone<20200303 For Gao laoshi.pptx>(b) (4)From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 19:27:03 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: RE: ASF - note from Mary Jane Walker !! FW: Catching upThanks, Mary Jane!Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not express ly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El ---------(b)( 6)> Sent: Thursday, April 9, 2020 10:23- P-M- -----, .....,..,= To: Fauci, Anthony (N_IH;/_N..I_A ID .) .[:E.l. .:.-.:.!:==~~(b)~(6-) -- Cc: Maryja ne Walk er (b)(6)Subject: ASF - note from Mary Jane Walker!! FW: Catching upFrom: Maryja ne WalkerSubject: Catching upDate: Apri l 6, 2020 at 9:23:13 PM EDTTo: CbH6)Hi Tony,(b)(6)I hope that you are doing well despite all th at you are dealing with around COVID-19. It has been manyyears since I had the opportun ity to work wi th you but my job at NIAID was one of my favorite positionsand gave me a great start to my career. So, when I saw the below graphic, it made me smile and Iwanted to send you a note .I tr uly appreciate how you are handling the COVID-19 situation. Your comments are a breath of fresh airamidst poli tics and uncertainty . With daily White House press brie fings, increased security and scrutiny,24/7 media interviews and great popularity, you seem to be holding up well - as you always do. Yourrecent interview with JAMA's Editor-in-C hief Howard Bauchner was particularly well done and veryenlightening .Thank you for everything that you are doing and please stay healthy!Kind regards,Mary JaneFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent: Sat, 11 Apr 2020 18:35 :53 +0000To: Crawford , Chase (NIH/NIAID) [ElCc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIA ID) [E);Billet, Courtney (NIH/ NIAID) [El;Haskins,Melinda (NIH/NIAID) [E);Selgrade, Sara (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: RE: Attn Dr. Fauci: Key Point s for Congressional Black Caucus Briefing Call -Monday 11:30a .m.Thanks. Please make sue that it is printed out mand given to me before thebr iefing .Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: Cb) (6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother stor age devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Crawford, Chase (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Sent: Friday, Apri l 10, 2020 7:19 PM --------=-:-:-= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) >; Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>; Haskins, Mel inda (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)( >; Selgrade, Sara(NIH/NIAID ) [E] (b)(6)Subject; RE: Att n Dr. Fauci : Key Points for Congressiona l Black Caucus Briefing Call - Monday 11:30a.m.Dr. Fauci,Attached is an updated "one- pager" for your call on Monday with members of theCongressional Black Caucus. At Greg's recommendation , we have addedinformation on the NIH-supported serosurvey tha t was announced this afternoon.Please let me know if I can be of furthe r assistance {Chase cell : ------ CbH6))Thanks,ChaseFrom: Crawford, Chase (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent: Friday, April 10, 2020 5:16 PM -----~ = To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] < (b)( >Cc: Conrad, Patricia {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>; Billet, Courtney (NIH/N IAID) [El(b)(6)>; Haskins, Mel inda {NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)>; Selgrade, Sara(NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Attn Dr. Fauci: Key Points for Congressional Black Caucus Briefing Call - Monday 11:30a.m.Dr. Fauci,On Monday, April 13t h, at 11:30 a.m., you are scheduled to part icipate in aninformal di scussion / t elebriefing regard ing health dispari t ies and COVID-19 withmembers of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC). Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA,including Oakland and Berkeley) - former CBC chair - made the request. A list ofexpected call participan ts is below the signatur e line of thi s email.I have attached a "one-pager" to provide some background on health disparitie sand COVID-19 that includes informat ion on NIH COVID-19 research that may berelevant to the di scussion. As you are aware, we do not have any COVID-19stud ies directly focused on t he African American community. Hilary and Greghave provided input .Please let me know if I can be of furthe r assistance (Chase cell : ------CbH6))Thanks,ChaseList of CBC call participantsRep. Barbara LeeRep. Karen Bass (CBC Chair)Rep. Robin Kelly (CBC Health Braintru st Chair)Rep. G.K. Butt erfi eldRep. Yvette ClarkeRep. Cedric RichmondRep. Brenda LawrenceRep. Steve HorsfordRep. Ayanna PressleyFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 18:10:39 +0000(b)(6)Subject : FW: Wpost : Gilead's experimental drug remdesivir shows 'hopefu l' signs insmall group of coronavirus patients https://wapo.st/2wzjsy2Geeez ....Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b) (6)> Sent : Friday, April 10, 2020 5:30 PMSubject : Wpost: Gilead's experim ental drug remdesivir shows 'hopeful' signs in small group ofcoronavirus patients https ://wapo.st/2wzjsy2BusinessGilead's experimental drug remdesivir shows'hopeful' signs in small group of coronaviruspatientsTwo-thirds of severely ill patients showed improvement intheir oxygen therapy level when treated with the antiviraldrugwo ampuls of remdesivirare pictured during a news conference at the University Hospita l Eppendorf (UKE) in Hamburg, April 8,2020, as the spread of coronavirus disease (covid-19) continues. Ulrich Perrey/Pool via REUTERS(Pool/Reuters)ByChristopher RowlandApril 10, 2020 at 5:25 p.m. EDTA major ity of a small group of patients showed improve ments after being treated with an experimentalcoronavirus treatment made by Gilead Sciences, bolstering hopes for finding a treatment for thedisease, according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine Friday.The group of patients received the anti -viral drug remdesivir as part of a "compassionate use" tria l, not adoub le-blind placebo-control led tria l which wou ld offer more definitive evidence. Also, the cohort ofpatients was small, only 53 patients in the United States and around the world . Those limiting factorsprevent scientists from declaring that the drug works .Still, the improvements offered positive news about a drug seen by global health authorities as offeringthe best shot at becoming a treatment for the disease.Thirty six patients out of 53 - or two-thirds - showed improvement in oxygen support, trial authorssaid. Seventeen of 30 patients who were on ventilators were able to be taken off the life-supportmachines."We cannot draw definitive conclusions from these data, but the observations from this group ofhospitalized patients who received remdesivir are hopeful," said Jonathan D. Grein, MD, Director ofHospital Epidemiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, and lead author of the journal article."We look forward to the results of controlled clinical trials to potentially validate these findings ."While 68 percent of the patients showed improvement in the level of oxygen support they needed, 13percent died, the NEJM study said. That 13 percent compares favorab ly to mortality rates of 17 to 78percent in China among severely ill patients, the authors wrote .Gilead's stock has been bolstered for weeks by expectat ions over remdesivir .Remdesivir was discovered by Gilead in the hunt for antiviral drugs about a decade ago, and theNationa l Institutes of Health has partnered with the company to explore its benefits. It was shown towork against an array of viruses in laboratory tests.It showed effectiveness in primates infected with Ebola but failed in a trial in the Democratic Republicanof Congo in humans with the deadly disease. It has shown effectiveness as a preventive therapy inprimates for MERS, which is a coronavirus cousin of the Covid-19 virus.There are no treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat coronavirus, but theFDA has granted an emergency use authorization for the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine,two decades-old anti-malarial drugs. There is scant evidence that the therapy works, but PresidentTrump has repeatedly boosted the promise of the drugs.Even while multiple full clinical trials of remdesivir continue, Gilead hasbeen swamped with requests for"compassionate use" of the drug . Under compassionate use rules, physicians can obtain experimentaldrugs for their seriously ill patients when there is nothing else to try.Gilead said last week that it had enough of the experimental drug on hand to treat up to 140,000 peopleunder compassionate use programs.0 CommentsChristopher RowlandChris Rowland joined The Washington Post business team in 2018 after serving as the Washingtonbureau chief for the Boston Globe, leading coverage of two presidential elections and overseeingpolitical enterprise reporting . He previously covered health care for the Globe in Boston.FollowDisclaimer: Any third-party material in this email bas been shared for internal use under fair use provisionsof U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy/veracity. It does not necessarily representmy views nor those of NIAID, NIH, HHS, or the U.S. government.From:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 18:09:19 +0000Subje ct: FW: New Yorker: How Anthony Fauci Became Ameri ca's Doctorhttps://bit. ly/2y3h3fiThis is the actual arti cle fo r which I prev iously sent you a link.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectiou s DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone Cb) (6)FAX: (301 496-4409(b)(6)E-mail: _ __,. ,_, (b)(6)The information inlh ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Sent : Friday, April 10, 2020 4:30 PMSubject: New Yorker: How Anthony Fauci Became America 's Doctor https://b it .ly/2y3h3fiAnnals of MedicineApril 20 , 202 0 IssueHow Anthony Fauci BecameAmerica's DoctorAn infectious-disease expert's long crusade against some ofhumanity's most virulent threats.By Michael SpecterApril 10, 2020., I .."You stay completely apolitical and non-ideological," Fauci says. "I'm a scientistand J 'm a physic ian. And that's it. " Illustration by Tyler Comrie. Photograph by Win McNamee I GettyJust before 1nidnight on March 22nd, the President of the United Statesprepared to tweet. Millions of Americans , in the hope of safeguardingtheir health and fighting the rapidly escalating spread of COVID-19 , hadalready begun to follow the sober recommendation of Anthony S. Fauci,the country 's leading expert on infectious disease. Fauci had warnedAmericans to "hunker down significantly more than we as a country aredoing." Donald Trump disagreed. "WE CANNOT LET THE CURE BE WORSETHAN THE PROBLEM ITSELF," he tweeted .Trump had seen enough of "social distancing." In an election year, hewas watching the stock market collapse, unemployment spike, and thenational mood devolve into collective anxiety. "I would love to have thecountry opened up, and just rarin' to go by Easter ," he said, on FoxNews. "You 'll have packed churches all over our country. I think it'll bea beautiful time."Trump 's Easter forecast came more than two months after the first U.S.case of COVID-19 was identified , in Washington State, and more than ahundred days after the novel coronavirus emerged , first from bats andthen from a live-animal market in the Chinese city of Wuhan. Every day,more people were falling sick and dying. Despite a catastrophic lack oftesting capacity , it was clear that the virus had reached every comer ofthe nation. With the Easter holiday just a few weeks away , there was nota single public-health official in the United States who appeared to sharethe President 's rosy surmises.Anthony Fauci certainly did not. At seventy-nine, Fauci has run theNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for thirty-six years ,through six Administrations and a long procession of viral epidemics:H.I.V. , SARS, avian influenza , swine flu, Zika, and Ebola ainong them.As a member of the Administration's coronavirus task force, Fauciseemed to believe that the government's actions could be directed , evenif the President's pronouncements could not. At White House briefings ,it has regu larly fallen to Fauci to gently amend Trump's absurdities ,half-truths, and outright lies. No, there is no evidence that the malariadrug hydro xychloroquine will provide a "miracle" treattnent to stave offthe infection . No, there won't be a vaccine for at least a year. When thePresident insisted for many weeks on denying the government's inabilityto deliver test kits for the virus, Fauci, testifying before Congress , putthe matter bluntly. "That 's a failing," he said. "Let's admit it."When Trump was not dismissing the sever ity of the crisis , he wasblaming others for it: the Chinese , the Europeans, and, as always, BarackObama. He blamed governors who were desperate for federal help andhad been reduced to fighting one another for lifesaving venti lator s. Inone briefing, Governor Andrew Cuomo , of New York , said, "It's likebeing on eBay with fifty other states, bidding on a ventilator." Trumpeven accused hospital workers in New York City of pilfering surgicalmasks and other vital protecti ve equipment that they needed to stayalive. "Are they going out the back door?" Trump wondered aloud.As a reporter who writes mainly on science and public-health issues ,I've known Fauci since the H.I.V ./ AIDS epidemic exploded , in the rnideighties.He once explained to me that he has developed a method fordealing with political leaders in times of crisis: "I go to my favorite bookof philosophy , 'The Godfather ,' and say, 'It's nothing personal, it'sstrictly business.' " He continued, "You just have a job to do. Evenwhen somebody's acting ridiculous , you can't chide them for it. You 'vegot to deal with them. Because if you don't deal with them, then you'reout of the picture."Since his days of advising Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush,Fauci has maintained a simple credo: "You stay completely apoliticaland non-ideological, and you stick to what it is that you do. I'm ascientist and I'm a physician. And that's it." He learned the value ofcandor early. "Some wise person who used to be in the White House, inthe Nixon Administration, told me a very interesting dictum to live by,"he told me in 2016, during a public conversation we had at the fifty-yearreunion of his medical-school class. "He said, 'When you go into theWhite House, you should be prepared that that is the last ti1ne you willever go in. Because if you go in saying, I'm going to tell somebodysomething they want to hear, then you've shot yourself in the foot. ' Noweverybody knows I'm going to tell them exactly what's the truth."Americans have come to rely on Fauci's authoritative presence. Perhapsnot since the Vietnam era, when Walter Cronkite, the avuncular anchorof the "CBS Evening News," was routinely described as the most trustedman in America, has the country depended so completely on one personto deliver a daily dose of plain talk. In one national poll, released lastThursday, seventy-eight per cent of participants approved of Fauci'sperformance. Only seven per cent disapproved.On March 23rd, Fauci failed to appear at the daily briefing in the WhiteHouse pressroom. Twitter promptly lost its mind. #NoFauci became atop trending topic, followed closely by #whereisFauci and#letTonyspeak. There was speculation that Trump, who is inclined tofire anyone who disagrees with him or, worse, garners some praise in themedia, had lost patience with Fauci . As one of Fauci's old friends toldme, "This is a President who doesn 't give a shit about Fauci'saccomplishments, his history, or his learning. If anything, they'renegatives."The truth was less alarming. "I was tied up in a task-force meeting , andwe were trying to work out some difficult policies ," Fauci said. "I haveno trouble with the President. When I talk to him, he listens." Myexperience with Fauci suggested that this last statement was perhaps atriu1nph of pragmatism over accuracy. His priority, as he's made clear, isto do what is necessary to save lives. So I was not surprised to receive ane-mail from Fauci the following day, saying that he had been asked torefrain from participating in personal profiles. It seemed that it was onething for him to talk about the news with reporters or even to chat onInstagram with Stephen Curry, the Golden State Warriors star. Butfocussing on himself, rather than on the President, was another thingentirely.Fauci and Trump are about as odd a duo as American political life hasever produced . Both men are in their seventies. Both come from theouter boroughs of New York City. Both are direct, even blunt. But that'swhere the resemblance ends. Fauci has always been a person of unusualdiscipline. Nearing eighty, he works about eighteen hours a day. Longago, when his three children were young , he and his wife, ChristineGrady, who runs the bioethics department at the National Institutes ofHealth, decided to maintain the sanctity of family dinners by startingthem when he got home from the office, at around nine o'clock. Fordecades, Fauci has taken long lunchtime runs, but, during the crisis, he 'scut back his routine to power walking- and only on weekends. Fauciparses his words with care and believes , above all, in the power of factsand the efficacy of data.ADVERTISEMENTDavid Baltimore , a Nobel laureate and a pioneer of molecular biolog y,told me, "Tony is unique , in that he has such credibility with politiciansthat he's been able to insert hard facts into the conversation. That hasbeen wonderful for our country and the world." According to DavidRelman, a microbiologist at Stanford University who for years hasadvised the government on biological threats, "Tony has essentiallybecome the embodiment of the biomedical and public -health researchenterprise in the United States. Nobody is a more tireless champion ofthe truth and the facts. I am not entirely sure what we would do withouthim."Fauci can be impatient with the compromises of politics . In myconversations with him, he has responded furiously when a diceyamendment, a bogus rider, or a "poison pill" is attached to a publichealthbill. He recalled one congressional provision, in 2016 , that tried tomake it "legally permissible to fly the Confederate flag at nationalcemeteries. I am not kidding. " When dealing with politician s, he toldme, he relies on the pseudo-Latin expression Illegitimi noncarborundum: Don't let the bastards grind you down. But he hasinspired respect throughout the political world and beyond. Fauci 'soffice walls are covered with scores of photographs of him withPresidents , senators , visiting Prime Ministers , business leaders , actors. InOctober, 1988, George H. W. Bush , during a Presidential debate withMichael Dukakis , was asked who his heroes were. "I think of Dr.Fauci ," Bush replied. "You 've probably never heard of him .... He's avery fine researcher , a top doctor at the National Institutes of Health ,working hard, doing something about research on this disease of AIDS. "These days , nearly everyone has heard of Fauc i. Pandemic-memorab iliaentrepreneurs have put his face on bottle openers , coffee mugs , andbumper stickers: "In Dr. Fauci we trust." The National Bobblehead Hallof Fame and Museum has produced a seven-inch likeness of him, partlyto raise money to produce protecti ve gear for medical workers. There's aFacebook group called Dr. Fauci Speaks , We Listen, and another calledDr. Fauci Memes for Social Distance Teens. A petition has circulated tonominate him as People' s "sexiest man alive."On right-wing social media and talk radio, Fauci has a different image:he is routinely disparaged as a closet lefty who is exaggerating the threatof the corona virus. "Has anyone else noticed that every suggestion byDr. Doom Fauci just happens to also be the worst possible thing for theeconomy?" the conservati ve Internet TV host Bill Mitchell tweeted ."That's not an accident folks." An analysis in the Times found more thanseventy Twitter accounts that have pushed the hashtag #FauciFraud ,with some tweeting out anti-Fauci bile hundreds of times a day. "Theresee1ns to be a concerted effort on the part of Tru1np supporters to spreadmisinformation about the virus," Carl Bergstrom, a professor of biologyat the University of Washington who has studied misinformation , toldthe paper. "There is this sense that experts are untrustworthy , and haveagendas that aren 't aligned with the people." Fauci has received so manypersonal threats that the Justice Department recently appro ved a securitydetail for him. Fauci shrugged it off, telling reporters, "I've chosen thislife."The crisis that the world now faces comes as no surprise to Fauci. OnJanuary 10, 2017, ten days before Trump took the oath of office, Faucidelivered the keynote address at a conference at Georgetown University ,titled "Pandemic Preparedness for the Next Administration. " Afterdescribing his years of managing epidemics, he posed a series ofquestions to the audience: "Will there be a resurgence of Zika? We'regetting into the summer in South America. Are we going to see aresurgence or not? What about influenza? Are we going to get a newpandemic?"Fauci's last point, he emphasi zed, was almost certainly the mostimportant: the possibility that some unknown , powerfully infectiouspathogen could emerge to threaten the world. "What about things thatwe 're not even thinking about?" he said. He let the question drift outover the hall. "What is for sure," he concluded , "is that, no matter what,history has told us definitively that it will happen."On the day that Anthony Stephen Fauci was born , the front-pageheadline in the Times was "PRESIDENT TO GIVE EMERGENCY FACTS TONATION ON RADIO." It was Christmas Eve, 1940. The Second WorldWar had begun, and the United States was less than a year away fromjoining the fight.Fauci grew up in southwest Brooklyn , first in Bensonhurst and later inDyker Heights , where his family ran a pharmacy and lived in anapartment upstairs. The pharmacy was across the street from the ShrineChurch of St. Bernadette. When Mass was finished on Sundays, Faucirecalled, people would walk over to get prescriptions filled and to buywhatever else they needed for the coming week. Tony's father, Stephen,dispensed medications , and was known to customers as Doc. Hismother, Eugenia , worked the register, along with his older sister, Denise.From an early age, Tony spent evenings and weekends riding around theneighborhood on his Schwinn, making deliveries.Fauci's parents were born in New York; one set of grandparents hademigrated from Naples, the other from Sicily. Anthony first tookCommunion at the age of seven and was confirmed at twelve. He wentto elementary school at Our Lady of Guadalupe, in Bensonhurst. "I hadno idea at the time when I was there, being taught by the Dominicannuns, that I would be interested in science," he said. "I was interested ina lot of things, mostly sports, but certainly not science."In those days, baseball was the social glue of Brooklyn. The boroughwas Dodger territory and Ebbets Field was consecrated ground- butFauci was devoted to the Yankees , who played in the faraway Bronx. Inthe midst of the coronavirus crisis, I e-mailed to ask about this anomaly,not necessarily expecting an answer. He replied almost instantly. "Youprobably are unaware, but half the kids in Brooklyn were Yankee fans,"he wrote. "We spent our days arguing who was better: Duke Sniderversus Mickey Mantle ; Roy Campanella versus Yogi Berra ; Pee WeeReese versus Phil Rizzuto and on and on. Those were the days, myfriend."Fauci has often referred to his father as "laid-back," which , if true, mustbe a characteristic that skips a generation. "Tony has always beendriven ," Michael Osterholm , the director of the University ofMinnesota's Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, and alongtime friend of Fauci ' s, told me. "Whatever he was doing, he had todo it better than anybody else. I don't know if it was certainty orsomething else. But he was meant to lead. Always. Everyone who knewhim knew that. And Tony knew it, too."In 1954, he began attending Regis, a private Jesuit high school on theUpper East Side. Rigorous, small, competitive, and tuition-free, Regis isconsidered one of the finest all-male schools in the country. Faucithrived there, though the commute between Dyker Heights and Eightyfourthand Madison was long. He once estimated that he had spent theequivalent of seventy days of his teen-age life on the various subwaysand buses he took to get to and from school.Fauci revelled in the demanding coursework. "We took four years ofGreek, four years of Latin, three years of French, ancient history ,theology ," he recalled. He developed an ability to set out an argumentand to bolster it with evidence- good preparation, it turned out, fortestifying before Congress . Last year, at a dinner that Regis held in hishonor, he said that the school had taught him "to communicate scientificprinciples , or principles of basic and clinical research, without gettingvery profuse and off on tangents."At the time, though, Fauci had no interest in becoming a doctor. "I wascaptain of the Regis High School basketball team," he once told me. "Ithought this was what I wanted to do with myself. But, being a realist, Ivery quickly found out that a five-seven, really fast, good-shooting pointguard will never be as good as a really fast, good-shooting seven-footer.I decided to change the direction of 1ny career."At school, Fauci 's accomplished peers were headed to careers inmedicine, engineering, and the law. At home, he was steeped in thehumanities: "Virtually all my relatives on my mother's side-her father,her brother, and her sister's children-are artists." His mother helped tipthe balance. "She never really pressured me in any way, but I think Isubtly picked up the vibrations that she wanted very much for me to be aphysician," Fauci said. "There was this tension-would it be humanitiesand classics, or would it be science? As I analyzed that, it seemed to methat being a physician was the perfect melding of both of thoseaspirations.''From Regis, Fauci went on to another Jesuit institution , Holy Cross, inWorcester, Massachusetts. His high-school faculty had left him littlechoice in the matter. "They just wouldn't write a recommendation foryou if you wanted to apply to Harvard or to Cornell, or Columbia," hesaid. Fauci enrolled in 1958 and was pleased to find that the universitytook a broad view of premedical studies. He signed up for a programcalled Bachelor of Arts- Greek Classics- Premed. "It was really kind ofbizarre," he recalled. "We did a lot of classics, Greek, Latin, Romancelanguages .... We took many credits of philosophy, everything fromepistemology to philosophical psychology, logic, etc. But we tookenough biology and physics and science to get you into medicalschool."During the summers, Fauci worked construction jobs. One year, hefound himself assigned to a crew that was building a new library atCornell Medical College, on the Upper East Side. "On lunch break,when the crew were eating their hero sandwiches and making catcalls tonurses, I snuck into the auditorium to take a peek," Fauci recalled in1998, at the medical school 's centennial celebration. "I got goosebumpsas I entered, looked around the empty room, and imagined what it wouldbe like to attend this extraordinary institution. After a few minutes at thedoorway, a guard came and politely told me to leave, since my dirtyboots were soiling the floor. I looked at him and said proudly that Iwould be attending this institution a year from now. He laughed andsaid, 'Right , kid, and next year I am going to be PoliceCommissioner. ' "Fauci graduated first in his class from Cornell in 1966, just as America'sinvolvement in Vietnam was accelerating. Every new physician wasrequired to perform some kind of military service. "We were gathered inthe auditorium at Cornell, early in our fourth year of medical school,"Fauci recalled. "Unlike today, we had only two women in the class andseventy-nine men. The recruiter from the armed forces came there andsaid, 'Believe it or not, when you graduate from medical school at theend of the year, except for the two women, everyone in this room isgoing to be either in the Army, the Air Force, the Navy, or the PublicHealth Service. So you're going to have to make your choice. Sign upand give your preferences.' "Fauci wanted to work in the U.S. Public Health Service; his fallback wasthe Navy. He got his first choice, and ended up at the National Institutesof Health , which was then establishing itself as the country's primarycenter for biomedical research. Nearly everyone in academic medicinespent some time at one of its branches; except for three years back atCornell to complete his internship and residency, Fauci has spent fivedecades there.In 1972, Fauci started as a senior researcher at the National Institute ofAllergy and Infectious Diseases. He was drawn to investigating ailmentsthat were difficult but not impossible to treat. "I wanted something thatcould make you very sick and kill you unless I intervened. And if Iintervene, you're essentially cured," he told Ushma Neill, the editorof The Journal of Clinical Investigation, in 2014. "Now, that seems alittle bit too simplistic, but that's really the nature of most infectiousdiseases."Working in the lab of Sheldon Wolff, Fauci studied the molecular natureof fever. The field of immunology was still young, but scientists wererapidly learning how to manipulate the smallest components ofindividual cells, which opened the way to a decade of discovery.Chronic fevers can have a number of underlying causes, among them anuncommon condition known as vasculitis- an inflammation of theblood cells that often occurs when the body's immune systemmistakenly attacks its own blood vessels. Many of Fauci's vasculitispatients suffered from rare inflammatory diseases, such asgranulomatosis with polyangiitis , which damages blood vessels in thelungs, kidneys, and other organs. The disease was almost always fatal.Fauci and his infectious-disease colleagues at the N.I.H. were frequentlyasked to visit the National Cancer Institute, which was in the samebuilding as his lab, to consult on patients who were receivingchemotherapy. The drugs suppressed tumors, but they were highly toxic.And they had another side effect, Fauci told me: "Those people aresusceptible to a lot of things like infections and bleeding, because thetreatment has destroyed their immune systems."In 1990, Fauci was the government's leading researcher foc ussed onthe AIDS epidemic. Photograph by George Tames/ The New York Times/ ReduxFauci, together with Wolff, his mentor, wondered if this side effectcould be harnessed to help vasculitis patients, whose immune systemswere overact ive. "I thought if we could somehow give a cancer drug at alow enough dose perhaps we could tum the disease off without any ofthe secondary complications ," he recalled recently. "First we did it in afew patients, and, much to our delight, they had a total remission. Beforeyou know it, we ended up curing a very, very lethal, albeit uncommon,disease."For the first time, this technique enabled researchers to do effectivework on lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and transplant rejection. "If youlook at innnunology, it has fro1n the very beginning been inextricablylinked to infectious diseases ," Fauci said. "What is the immune systemfor? The immune system protects you against invaders from withoutmicroorganisms- as well as, in some cases, the emergence of certaintumors from within."In 1981, a strange new syndrome emerged that transformed Fauci'sresearch and, eventually, the lives of millions of people around theworld. "All of a sudden, this new disease comes along," Fauci recalled ,referring to what would soon come to be known as AIDS. "Even beforethe cause of it was proven to be H.I.V., everybody in the field knew thatit had to be a virus. I said to myself, 'Here it is, a virus, still to bedetermined, that's affecting profoundly and destroying the humanimmune system. ' "Fauci believed that he had been training all his lifefor a threat like this one. He was an expert in viruses and in the immunesystem-and he had always been attracted to combatting serious, evenfatal diseases. "I wanted to be where the action was," he said.At first, few public-health officials seemed to care. In June of 1981,the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , a publication of the Centersfor Disease Control , issued a paper that included an account of fiveyoung men, all gay, who had contracted pneumocystis, a form ofpneumonia that had previously been reported only in people withdramatically impaired immune systems. The young men described in thestudy had all been healthy. "I thought it was a fluke," Fauci recalled. "Iput it aside on my desk, thinking that maybe this was some drug thatthey had taken that suppressed their immune system."A month later, an even more alarming report arrived from the C.D.C.Fauci read it with an uneasy sense that a disaster was looming: "I madethe decision that I was going to stop what I was doing , much to thechagrin of my mentors, who were saying, 'Why do you want to give upa great trajectory of a career to study a handful of gay men with thisstrange disease?' But, deep down, I really knew that this was going toexplode. "Fauci wrote a paper to sound the alarm. "I called it my apologia pro vitasua- an explanation for what I'm doing," he said. In the paper , Faucipointed out that, although the disease "seems to selectively affect aparticular segment of our society," it demanded a medical solution.Moreover, he warned, "any assumption that the syndrome will re1nainrestricted to a particular segment of our society is truly an assumptionwithout a scientific basis." Fauci sent the manuscript to The NewEngland Journal of Medicine, in late 1981. It was rejected. "One of thereviewers said I was being alarmist," Fauci said. He tried a differentjournal , The Annals of Internal Medicin e, and the following June thepaper was published.In the laboratory , Fauci began making progress. He had beeninvestigating B cells, which are involved in the production of antibodies.In 1983-before H.I.V. was even known by that name-his lab becamethe first to report that B cells became hyperactive in patients with AIDS.When a healthy person is invaded by a virus, antibodies mount adefense, but, when H.I.V. hijacked B cells, the antibody system wentawry. Fauci and his team had identified one of the crucial featuresof AIDS. "We made that observation without having any idea of what wewere dealing with," he said in an interview for an N.I.H. oral history. "Ithink that speaks for sound scientific and clinical observation." Thepolitics of seeking a cure, though, would be far harder to manage.On October 11, 1988, more than a thousand AIDS activists gatheredoutside the headquarters of the Food and Drug Administration , inRockville, Maryland, to protest the agency's glacial reaction to theepidemic. The activists knew that their community needed newtreatments if they were to avoid catastrophe - but they were stymied bythe F.D.A.'s drug-approval process , a remarkably inflexible system thattypically took years.That same day, another group of protesters marched onto the campus ofthe National Institutes of Health, in Bethesda , Maryland. They wereheaded for Building 31, the home of the National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases. Fauci, who had become the institute's directorin 1984, was now the government's leading scientist focussed onthe AIDS epidemic. Even though he was not running the F .D .A., heappeared almost daily in the media to discuss the crisis. "My face wasthe face of the federal govermnent ," Fauci told me. He was asked thesame question nearly every day: why wasn't the government movingfaster? It didn't help that the Reagan Administration seemed soindifferent to the plague.Fauci watched from his office window as activists surrounded thebuilding and tried to scale its walls. Some were dressed in black robesand carried scythes. Many waved pink-and-black banners, bearing thewords "NIH Wake Up!" or "Stop Killing Us!" All over campus , a chantcould be heard: "Fuck you, Fauci!""God, I hated him," Larry Kramer, the writer and activist who helpedestablish the two most important AIDS advocacy groups in the country,the Gay Men's Health Crisis and ACT UP , said. "As far as I wasconcerned, he was the central focus of evil in the world." Kramerattacked Fauci relentlessly in the media. He called him an "inco1npetentidiot" and a "'pill-pushing" tool of the medical establishment, insulted hiswife, and even compared him to Adolf Eichmann. In 1988, Kramerpublished a scathing open letter. "Anthony Fauci, you are a murderer,"he wrote. "Your refusal to hear the screams of AIDS activists early in thecrisis resulted in the deaths of thousands of Queers."As the epidemic spread and the death toll rose, it was common for gayactivists to view Fauci and NIAID with rage. Fauci did not control thedrug-approval process , but he was seen as a barrier to opening access toclinical trials, in which volunteers could receive potentially lifesavingmedications.For most people infected with H.I.V., taking experimental drugs was theonly alternative to simply waiting for death. Yet the F .D .A.' s arcanerules prevented the vast majority of patients from qualifying for trials.For instance, a significant number of H.I.V. patients suffered frompneumocystis pneu1nonia. The condition-the same one observed in theinitial C.D.C. report- could be fatal, so many who had it used anexperimental antimicrobial medication called pentamidine, which hadproved highly effective. But people who took experimental medicationswere barred from participating in other clinical trials.At first, Fauci held to the standard N.I.H. line that research need notfocus on the immediate welfare of patients. "When we had clinical trials,we, the scientific co1nmunity and the regulatory co1nmunity, did notlisten" to the activists , he recalled. "It was, at the time, an attitude thatmany of us had, and I probably had it myself." He was right about that. Icovered the AIDS epidemic for the Washington Post, and it was clear tome that Fauci was inclined to enforce the paternalistic medical traditionin which he had trained: doctors and scientists were unquestionedauthorities, and drug development had to follow a rigid process thatincluded animal testing and rigorous clinical trials. Otherwise , thebenefits and the risks of these drugs could not be adequately assessed.In 1987, the F.D.A. approved the first drug to treat H.I.V.azidothymidine,or AZT-and the announcement was met with a burstof hope. But the drug's liabilities were evident almost instantly. It hadharsh side effects, and the benefits wore off; the virus itself soon becameresistant to the drug. When new clinical studies began, involvingcocktails of AZT and similar compounds, tens of thousands of peopleasked to participate. Again, though, volunteers were not accepted if theyused other experimental drugs. The anger among activists grew 1noreintense. "They started becoming amazingly iconoclastic andconfrontational, and that scared the hell out of the scientists, who werefundamentally quite conservative ," Fauci told me at his medical-schoolreunion. "When they were demonstrating on the N.I.H. campus,disrupting Wall Street, disrupting St. Patrick 's Cathedral, instead oflistening to them, scientists withdrew."Without entirely understanding his own motives, Fauci decided to lookbeyond the activists' furious rhetoric and style. He recalls tellinghimself, "Let me put aside the goth dress-the earrings and the Mohawkhaircuts and the black jackets-and just listen to what they have to say.And what they were saying made absolutely perfect sense." It helpedthat Fauci had something in common with the activists: "They were allNew York guys. I had a little affinity to them because I'm a NewYorker. And I said, What would I do if I were in their shoes? And it wasvery clear: I would have done exactly the same thing."The activists knew that they were facing a mercilessly lethal disease. Inthe summer of 1985, I travelled to New York to write my first long storyon the toll that the epidemic was taking on the city's gay community. Iinterviewed dozens of 1nen. To the best of my knowledge, only two ofthem are still alive: Larry Kramer , who is now eighty-four, and apolitical activist who prefers to remain anonymous.Fauci, too, came to understand the severity of the crisis. "Everyonedied," he said. "I was used to treating people who had little hope andthen saving their lives-that was so wonderful. But, with AIDS in thosedays, I saved no one. It was the darkest time of my life." Faced withmounting evidence that his cautious approach made no sense , he didsomething that few public officials do: he reversed himself. Faucitransformed from a conventional bench scientist into a public-healthactivist who happened to work for the federal government. "I had tochange ," he told me.When the demonstrators marched on the N.I.H . campus in 1988, Faucino longer saw a threat. "I looked at them, and I saw people who were inpain," he recalled in an article in Holy Cross Magazin e. He asked thepolice and the F.B.I. not to arrest any of the1n. Then he invited a handfulof protest leaders to his office. "That began a relationship over manyyears ," Fauci said. "They let me into their camp. I went to the gaybathhouses and spoke to them. I went to San Francisco, to the CastroDistrict , and I discussed the problems they were having , the degree ofsuffering that was going on in the community, the need for them to getinvolved in clinical trials , since there were no other possibilities for themto get access to drugs. And I earned their confidence."Fauci, in his mid-forties, was the youngest director of an N.I.H. institutein a century , and he lacked the political influence to act independently.Even in his own field , he struggled to recruit allies. "I couldn't convincemy own people in infectious-disease leadership to take on H.I.V ./ AIDS,"he told me. So he created a division within his institute devoted to thedisease.One day, in the late eighties , Fauci asked me to stop by his office inBuilding 31 on the N.I.H. campus. He told me that he had a wild idea: hewanted to hire Mark Harrington , ACT UP's point man on drug-treatmenttrials. Harrington, a prominent AIDS researcher and activist, had noformal scientific training. But Fauci , like most of those who had seenhim testify before Congress or speak to a crowd , was dazzled by hisbrilliance.Harrington discussed the idea with Fauci , but decided that the job wouldbe a disaster for him. "There's no way I could have functioned withinthat bureaucracy, " he told me recently. "The people I respect would haveseen me as a sellout." Yet Harrington continued to make a profoundimpression on Fauci' s thinking .Harrington was passionately committed to loosening up the F.D.A.'srestrictive regime. "It was murder," he told me. "I don't know any otherway to describe it." Harrington, who went on to win a MacArthur"genius" grant for his work on the disease, established himself as themost knowledgeable student of the agency 's byzantine regulations. Inmeetings with Fauci and other officials, he urged them to move fasterand with greater compassion for those who were suffering.There are three stages in most F.D.A. clinical trials. The first testswhether a drug is safe. The second assesses its efficacy. The last stage,conducted in larger groups, confirms that the drug works and that thereare no serious adverse reactions. Harrington argued that people with noalternative should be granted access to those drugs as soon as they hadbeen proved safe, even if their effectiveness remained unknown.At first, Fauci was concerned that, if people taking multipleexperimental medications joined clinical trials, the results would behopelessly muddled. He was also afraid that granting sick peopleunrestricted access to unapproved drugs would deter them fromparticipating in the trials at all. Harrington and other activists reassuredhim that they were committed to strictly monitored drug trials that wouldprovide enough data to know what worked and what did not.Fauci is a realist, and the facts were obvious to anyone who cared tolook. Traditional methods of testing drugs weren't working.Underground networks were growing everywhere. With somany AIDS patients taking untested medications , federal health officialshad to concede that their syste1n was broken. Even the most fundamentalprotocol of a clinical trial- giving some participants a placebo- cameinto question. In a study conducted in San Francisco in 1989, nearly allthe volunteers had their medicine analyzed, to see whether they werereceiving an active dose. Those who learned that they had been givenplacebos almost invariably dropped out."There was a feeling in science that doctors know best, scientists knowbest," Fauci said. "We love our patients, but they don 't really knowwhat's best for them. Then, when we dealt with this disease that wasbrand new- that was frightening, that was killing people in a way thatwas historic-the people who were impacted by the disease wanted tohave something to say about how we conducted research."There were still moments of confrontation. In May, 1990, hundredsof ACT UP activists returned to the N.I.H., demandingmore AIDS treatments and greater representation of women and people ofcolor in clinical trials. At a planning session for the protest, a youngactivist named Tony Malliaris performed a rap song called "Storm theNIH," which included the lyrics "I don't know what Fauci thinks, butthis ain't Denmark, and something stinks." (Malliaris died five yearslater, still in his early thirties.)Fauci was undeterred. He threw his influence behind a program calledParallel Track, which made unapproved AIDS drugs available as soon asthey were demonstrated to be safe, even as clinical trials werecontinuing. The initiative would not have succeeded without Fauci. Buthe always acknowledged that his approach had been shaped largely bythe constructive pressure he received from AIDS advocacy groups andfrom leaders like Harrington.This more inclusive approach ushered in a revolution in Americanmedicine . Patients today demand as much information as possible abouttreatments they might receive, and no longer act as if their doctors 'advice came straight from Mt. Olympus. They scour the Internet,assemble statistics, and often arrive at the hospital with a folder full ofmedical information. The F.D.A., for its part, will no longer considerapproving a new drug until it has consulted representatives of groupswho would use it. "There are strict scientific principles that have to beadhered to in medicine ," Fauci told me. "At the same time, a humanistictouch is needed in dealing with people. You have to combine socialaspects, ethical aspects, personal aspects with cold, clean science."In 2002, I wrote a Profile of Larry Kramer for this magazine. By then, heand Fauci had become friends, with each expressing gratitude for theother's work in those years. Fauci told me, "In American medicine , thereare two eras: before Larry and after Larry. There is no question in mymind that Larry helped change medicine in this country. When all thescreaming and the histrionics are forgotten, that will remain." Kramer,who spent years in a constant rage at Fauci , now calls him "the only trueand great hero" among government officials in the AIDS crisis.As Trump defends his Administration's response to the pandemic, hehas suggested repeatedly that COVID-19 was impossible to predict."There's never been anything like this in history ," he said, at a pressconference on March 19th. "Nobody knew there would be a pande1nic orepidemic of this proportion."As everyone with even a casual interest in the history of science knows,pandemics have altered the destiny of humanity at least since 430 B.C.,when Athens was struck by a plague that killed as many as two-thirds ofits residents , just as the Spartans were laying siege. Beginning in 165A.D. , smallpox helped ruin the Roman Empire , sowing more destructionthan foreign armies ever could. And, in the fourteenth century, the BlackDeath swept through Europe , killing more than half the population,according to recent estimates.Yet, by the middle of the twentieth century, many scientists had begunto conceive of a world that was largely free of infectious epidemics. In1951, Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, a future Nobel laureate in medicine ,wrote, "The fever hospitals are vanishing or being turned to other uses.With full use of the knowledge we already possess, the effective controlof every important infectious disease"-with the exception of polio-"ispossible. " His optimism was understandable. Antibiotics had mademany lethal diseases easy to treat; improvements in sanitary conditionshad transformed the lives of hundreds of millions of people. Indeveloped countries, typhoid, cholera, and measles - major killersthroughout history - had largely passed into memory; even tuberculosis ,one of the great scourges of humanity, had been in decline for nearlyhalf a century. By 1972, Macfarlane , writing with the microbiologistDavid White, was predicting that the "most likely forecast about thefuture of infectious diseases is that it will be very dull."When Fauci was a young trainee, these kinds of predictions sometimesmade him wonder if he had picked the wrong career. "I becameconcerned that I was entering ... an area of biomedical research thatwas disappearing ," he recalled in one speech. But, since 1984 , whenFauci became the director of NIAID, there has not been a single day inwhich some epidemic has not threatened the globe. According to theWorld Health Organization, AIDS has killed more than thirty millionpeople, and nearly forty million are now living with H.I.V. Tuberculosis,far from sliding into obscurity, infects roughly a quarter of the humanpopulation ; the W.H.O. says that one and a half 1nillion people died fromthe disease in 2018.But the greatest threat that humanity faces, by far, is a global outbreak ofa lethal virus for which no treatlnent has been found. In just a fewmonths , COVID-19 has forced billions of people , in nearly every countryon earth, into a panicked withdrawal from society. Another pandemiclike this might appear in two years, or in ten, or in a century. But I havenever met a virologist or an epidemiologist who believes we won'tencounter one.For a deadly virus to flourish, it must meet three critical conditions.First, a new virus-one to which no one has yet developed immunitymustemerge from the animal reservoirs that produce and harbor suchpathogens. Second , the virus has to make humans sick. (The vastmajority do not.) Finally, it must be able to spread efficiently, throughcoughing, sneezing, or shaking hands. That combination is rare, but,when it appears, the consequences are almost always disastrous.The Nobel Prize-winning molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg, whodied in 2008, was for years the world's most visionary voice aboutemerging infectious diseases. "Some people think I am being hysterical ,but there are catastrophes ahead," he once wrote. "We live inevolutionary competition with microbes - bacteria and viruses. There isno guarantee that we will be the survivors."In 2003 , Lederberg joined the future F.D.A. commissioner MargaretHamburg and the pandemic specialist Mark Smolinski to edit a seminalreport, in which prominent scientists argued for a much more aggressivedefense of the planet. Titled "Microbial Threats to Health," the reportrecommended that the U.S. greatly expand its early-warning systems,particularly in the developing world. It also urged leaders to strengthentheir ability to respond to microbial threats, with new efforts on thefederal, state, and local levels. The recommendations were almostcompletely ignored.The next year, a highly pathogenic form of avian influenza, H5Nl,leaped from waterfowl to chickens and then to humans. Public-healthofficials were petrified. In Bangkok , I met with Scott Dowell, who ledthe Thailand office of the C.D.C.'s International Emerging InfectionsProgram. "The world just has no idea what it's going to see if this thingcomes," he told me. He paused and then reframed his thought. "When,really. It's when. I don't think we can afford the luxury of the word 'ifanymore."In a sense, the world was lucky with H5Nl. Although the U.S. and othercountries mounted a diffident response, the virus turned out to be deadlybut not very contagious. Five years later, the situation was reversed. Anew influenza virus, designated HINI, infected nearly a quarter of theglobal population before vaccines became widely available. This time,the virus was highly contagious but not nearly as deadly as most strainsof influenza. The fact that the outbreak was less virulent than publichealthofficials had feared created its own danger; by encouragingcomplacency, it did more to expose the world to the risk of a devastatingnew pandemic than anything else that had happened in decades.Although Congress had appropriated money to stockpile antiviralmedications and protective gear, many scientists felt that the effort wasgrossly insufficient. "We spend many billions of dollars every year onmissile-defense systems," Seth Berkley, a medical epidemiologist wholeads the Global Vaccine Alliance, told me. "And yet we will not spendpennies on the dollar to prepare for a catastrophe that is far more likelyto affect us all."After the Ebola outbreak of 2014, Barack Obama implemented one ofLederberg's central rec01nmendations: he established the White House'sNational Security Council Directorate for Global Health Security andBiodefense, an early-warning system for disease in the developingworld. Trump disbanded it in 2018, as part of an effort to streamline theN.S.C. In an appearance before Congress, Fauci was asked if thedecision was a mistake. He responded diplomatically: "I wouldn'tnecessarily characterize it as a mistake. I would say we worked verywell with that office. It would be nice if the office was still there."The combination of money and political will can have extraordinaryeffects on public health. Under the George W. Bush Administration,Fauci was the principal architect of a landmark program called PEPFAR,the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.By the time Bush took office, therapies for H.I.V. had become widelyavailable in Western countries. But, for millions of people in thedeveloping world, these drugs were too expensive or too difficult toobtain. Bush felt that it was unacceptable for the poorest people on earthto die because they could not afford medication that was dispensedroutinely in the rich world. He asked Fauci to implement an initiative toprevent and treat H.I.V. on a global scale. It has been uniformly held upas a model of the ways in which global public-health programs can savelives. "PEPF AR has turned around declining life expectancies in manycountries and likely saved some countries-even an entire continentfromeconomic ruin," Harold Varmus, a former director of the N.I.H.and of the National Cancer Institute , wrote in the quarterlyjournal Science & Diplomacy.But Fauci has at times struggled to compel politicians and businesses toattack the problems that he considers most worrisome. Over the years,he has become concerned about the possible impact of new viruses,particularly a lethal strain of influenza. Other viruses are moreconsistently deadly; some , like measles, are more contagious. But novirus that we know of is capable of killing as rapidly and as efficiently."We need a major paradigm shift with influenza vaccines ," Fauci toldme, four years ago. "The situation is a mess."Because the flu virus evolves so rapidly, experts deciding how toformulate vaccines can make only a highly educated guess about whichstrains are most likely to make people sick. Each February,epidemiologists study outbreaks around the world-especially in theSouthern Hemisphere, where flu season is under way- to assess whichstrains might make their way north. The result is always better thannothing. In many years, though, it is woefully inadequate. In the fluseason of 2014-15 , the vaccine protected less than a fifth of the peoplewho received it. In 2017-18, it worked for a little more than a third.Fauci has long supported the development of an alternative: a universalinfluen za vaccine, which would provide lasting defense against allstrains. "Similar to tetanus, a universal flu vaccine probably would begiven every ten years, " he said. "And, if you get one that is reallyuniversal , you can vaccinate just about everyone in the world." But sucha vaccine would cost hundreds of millions of dollars to develop andtest- and would replace a product that most consumers already think ofas good enough. No one has come close to raising the money that such aproject will require.By the beginning of the new millennium , it had become clear that thenext microbial threat might not come from a bat or a duck. It could justas well be created by a human being. After the terrorist attacks ofSeptember 11, 2001, anonymous letters laced with deadly anthrax sporesbegan arriving at media companies and congressional offices. In thefollowing months, twenty-two people were infected by inhaling anthraxand five died. Suddenly , biological terror posed an entirely new threatonethat has become only more significant and complex in the ensuingyears. In 2016, James Clapper, who was the director of NationalIntelligence during the Obama Administration , listed gene editing as apotential weapon of mass destruction. Many scientists were furious, buthe had a point. Researchers have deployed these tools to rewrite thegenes of mosquitoes so that they are unable to transmit malaria. If theirsuccess in the lab translates to the field, it will be a historic triumph. Butthe research also raises an alarming possibility: if a scientist can modifythe genes of an insect to protect people from malaria, he could almostcertainly use the same technology to add a deadly toxin.Fauci often cites a similar but more immediate paradox. Thanks togenetic engineering , we are more equipped than ever to respond to thethreat of a viral pandemic. After the COVID-19 outbreak began, it tookscientists less than a month to sequence the genome of the virus. By theend of February, the instructions were on the Internet, and the virus hadbeen re-created in laboratories around the world, by scientists seeking todevelop drugs and vaccines.And yet , despite our mastery of molecular biology, we live in an era inwhich someone can wake up with an infection in China-or France ,Australia, or any other place with an airport - and fly to San Francisco intime for dinner, spreading the virus long before he suspects that there 'sanything wrong. For most of human history , a virus like COVlD-19 might
From:Sent :Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 20 Apr 2020 01:58:31 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: Fauci photoAttachme nts: Fauci ISSTDR 1983.pdfEmail from Tom Quinn to you .Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(6)From: Thomas Quinn (b)(Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 6:28 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Hunter Handsfield <hhh@uw.edu>Subject: FW: Fauci photoHi Tony,It was great to see you and present our work to you this last Friday. I really enjoyed our discussion andfeedback.As I said on zoom, we all really appreciate your leadership in the COVID-19 crisis. Thank you forproviding the guiding way through this .(b) (4)In the meantime, your photos are getting passed around and Hunter Handsfield wanted you to have thisone (from the HIV archives-1983 in Seattle).All the best,Tom. Stay healthy!(b)(6)From: Hunter Handsfie ld (b)(6)Date: Sunday, April 19, 2020 at 3:52 PMTo: Thomas Qu inn CbH6J>Subject: Fauci photoHi, Tom . Going through old boxes I came across t his, from 5th ISSTDR, Seattle 1983. Give Tony mygreetings if you forward to him.Cheers- HunterH. Hunte r Handsfield, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineCenter for AIDS and STDUnivers ity of WashingtonPhone ➔Mob ile(b)( 6)
From:Sent :Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 20 Apr 2020 01:56:21 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: A proposal to stop COVID-19 and reopen our schools and businessesEmail from David Liu to FC with a cc to you .Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectiou s DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(From: David R. Liu (b)(6)Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 9:08- -P-M- ---::-::-=, To : Collins, Francis {N_IH:/_OD..) .[.E:]. ...::....:.!=(=b)( =>- =---::--- Cc : Michael Rosbash (b)(6)>; Ramnik Xavier (b)(6J>;EDWARD SCOLNICK (b)(6l>; Stuart Schrei ber (b)(6)>; Michael Z Lin(b)(6) >; Ben Cravatt (b)( ; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ======~~ (b)(6J>; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6) •>; Austi n, Christopher(NIH/NCATS) [E) (b)(6J>; Whalley, David (FNIH) [T) (b)(6); Freire, Maria(FNIH) [T) CbH6JT; abak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [El CbH6J>T; homas Cahill(b)( >Subject: Re: A proposal to stop COVID-19 and reopen our schools and businessesThank you, Francis, for your speedy re ply. Please let us know if we can help ACTIV, Fauci, or any otherleaders who might want to engage.Best,DavidDavid R. LiuRichard Merkin Professor and Director of the Merkin Instituteof Transformative Technolog ies in HealthcareBroad Institute Core Institute Member and Vice-Chair of the FacultyDirector of the Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Sciences ProgramHoward Hughes Medical Institute InvestigatorHarvard University Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology75 Ames StreetCambrid ge, MA 02142On Apr 19, 2020, at 8:48 PM, Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El ------- (b)(6)> wrote:Dear David et al.,Thanks for forwarding this ve ry thoughtful document, which presents a series ofimportant recommendations - most of which I agree with. I don't know if you sawFriday's announcement (attached) of the new public private partne rship calledACTIV (for Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines), but ithas taken on most of the points you raise in sections 1 - 3 of your letter. I shareyour hopes that remdesivir will show benefit, and the current large NIH-sponsoredRCT has completed enrollment and should reveal results in about a month. But ofcourse we want to test multiple other interventions - both small molecules andantibody-based therapies, so we need our trial system to be optimized like neverbefore. I will share your letter with the leaders of ACTIV, who are working withunprecedented speed to prio ritize the next set of therapeutic candidates as well aspushing vaccine development programs to adopt exceptionally creative trialdesigns to test safety and efficacy (with fu ll engagement by FDA).Best regards, FrancisFrom: David Liu (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 5:20 PMTo: OD Labc (NIH/OD) (b)(6) ; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E](b)(6)Cc: Michael Rosbash (b)(6)>; Ramnik Xavier -------...!:===~~------- -----~~ (b)(6)>; EDWARD SCOLNICK (b)(6)>; Stuart -:--:-".":""""--;;:::========~~ Schreiber (b)(6) Michael Z Lin (b)(6); Ben Cravatt----==== (~b)~(6~)-----Subjec t: A proposal to stop COVID-19 and reopen our schools and businessesDear Francis,I hope you are well.I write on behalf of a group of citizen-scientists, most or all of whom you know. Motivatedsolely by our desire to help defeat the serious threat our nation and the world now faces,we wrote a set of four actionable, non-partisan proposals (attached) to produce safe andeffective COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines in the shortest possible timeframe, and toreopen our society in a manner that reduces the risk of future COVID-19 outbreaks.We hope you find these ideas interesting, and might be willing to share this set ofproposals with Dr. Tony Fauci, along with our willingness to discuss any part of theproposals with him if we can be helpful. We understand from our efforts to contact Dr.Fauci through email routes that his standard inbox may be too overwhelmed for ourproposal to reach him.The four proposals attached describe: (1) How to rapid ly repurpose an antiviral drug totreat COVID-19 patients; (2) How to expedite the development of human antibody drugs totreat patients and to provide short-term protect ion for healthy individuals; (3) How todevelop COVID-19 vaccines on an expedited time scale; and (4) How to reopen ourbusinesses and schools in a manner that reduces the risk of future outbreaks and deaths.Thank you for any help or thoughts you might be able to provide.Sincerely yours,Ben Cravatt (Scripps), Lynn Goldman (GWU), Akiko Iwasaki (Yale), Scott Kemp (MIT),Michael Lin (Stanford), David Liu (Harvard/Broad), Michael Rosbash (Brande is), StuartSchreiber (Harvard/Broad), Ed Scolnick (Broad), Jonathan Simons (PCF), and Ramnik Xavier(MGH/Broad)David R. LiuRichard Merkin Professor and Director of the Merkin Instituteof Transformative Technologies in HealthcareDirector of the Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Sciences ProgramCore Institute Member and Vice-Chair of the Faculty, Broad InstituteInvestigator, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteThomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciencesand Professor of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University75 Ames StreetCambridge, MA 02142<N IH_ACTIV _Release_041720 .docx>From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Bill :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 20 Apr 2020 01:25:42 +0000bgertz@wash ingtontimes.comMi ller, Katie R. EOP/OVP;Short, Marc T. EOP/OVPScientific paper on origin of coronav irusHere are the li nks to the scientific papers and a commentary about the scientific basis of theorigins of SARS-Cov-2.The proxima l origin of SARS-CoV-2. Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. Nat Med.2020 Apr;26(4):450-452. do i: 10.1038/s41591 -020-0820-9 . No abstra ct availa ble.A Genomic Perspective on the Origin and Emergence of SARS-CoV-2.Zhang YZ, Holmes EC. Cell. 2020 Apr16;181(2):223-227 . doi: 10.1016/ j .cell.2020 .03.035. Epub 2020 Mar 26.Also this statement from Eddie Holmesht tp s:/ / bit. ly/2yml UGeBest regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892 -2520Phone: (b)( 6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.On Apr 19, 2020, at 2:21 PM, Bill Gertz <bgertz@ washingtontimes.com >wrote :Katie,Dr. Fauci on Friday said he would share a scientific paper with the press onthe origin of the coronav irus. Can you please help me get a copy of thatpaper? Thanks in advance.Bill GertzNational Security Correspondent@Bil!Gertz I direct 202-636-327 4TheGertzFile .com<t wtlo go.jpg>3600 New York Ave NE I Washington DC, 20002The inform ation contained in t his electronic transm ission is intended for the exclusive use of the individuals towhom it is addressed and may conta in informat ion that is pr ivileged and confidentia l, the disclosure of which isproh ibited by law. If the reader of th is transm ission is not the intended recipient , you are hereby not ified that anydissemination, distr ibut ion or copying of th is commun ication is str ictly prohibited. In addit ion, any unauthor izedcopying, disclosure or distribut ion of the materia l in th is e-mai l and any attachments is strict ly forbidden.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSent : Mo n, 20 Apr 2020 01:22:40 +0000To:Cc:Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E);Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElBarasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [ClSubjec t: RE: IMPORTANTThanks Greg.Patty:Please respond to Dr. Dzau's questions .Thanks,TonyFrom: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El ------- (b)( > Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 7:06 PMTo: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) (El ----- (~b)~(6)'>; Fauci, Ant hony (NIH/NIAID ) [ El(b)(6)Cc: Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/N IAID) [C] ------- (b)(Subject: RE: IMPORTANTPatty I had spoken to ASF about using a few slides and he said yes/ I will have them doneshort;y• V Dzau: I will begin the session by providing brief (~3min) opening remarks describing the circumstancesof the pandemic. Then, I will introduce the panelistsand you will each have 7 minutes to provideremarks. You may use a limited number of slides forillustration. I hope that each panelist will providetheir own perspective and speak to the issuesproposed below .• Jeremy Farrar wi ll discuss the global response to thepandemic , drawi ng from his experience as a globalleader, the chair of the Scientific Advisory Group forthe WHO's R&D Blueprint and as a member of theGlobal Preparedness Monitoring Board.• Tony Fauci will discuss the US pandemic and providehis perspective as a member of the White HouseCoronavirus Task Force addressing the 2019-20coronavirus pandemic .• George Gao will discuss China's response to thepandemic and lessons learned for the rest of theglobe .• Susan Weiss will discuss the viral characteristics ofSARS COV2, insights into its pathobiology, immunityand development of a pan-CoV antiviral.• Richard Hatchett will discuss the development ofnew vaccines and treatments against COVID-19 .• Sanjay Gupta wil l comment on the health systemresponse to the pandemic and challenges related tocommunication and public engagement inresponding to COVID-19.From: Conrad , Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] ------ (b)( 6l> Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 7:01 PM ----~ = To: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIA ID) [E] ~----- (bH_'?)>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] ------ (b)(6)>;B arasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID ) [C] (b)(6)>Subject: FW: IMPORTANTWe need to discuss tomorrow on our daily meeting/call - do you want to doslides.Again this event is on a Saturday and is tentat ive as we do not know when the TFmeeting will be scheduled that day.So - if you can do it - will you use slides?So if you cant do th is - do you want a surrogate and who?I will make sure David is on board f or zoom .From: Dzau, Victor J.< VDzau@nas.edu>Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 3:11 PMTo ; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------~~~=====:--=--;-~:!,._-----------~~ Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6J>; (b)(6) ---------------- Mun, Jenny <JMun@nas.edu>Subject: IMPORTANTDear Patty,I hope this finds you well. I know how terribly busy Tony is and I hate to trouble him, however, the NASAnnual Meeting panel on COVID-19 is less than a week away and my team needs answers to thequestions below . Can you call this to his attention or assist him in providing the signed form andrequested informat ion? We hope to have this by Tuesday {4/23) morning, if possible.• Please provide a cell number where you can be reached in case you do not connect in time {ifyou prefer, you can provide the number of your assistant if they will be able to reach youdirectly by cell or at home).• Will you have slides to display during your ta lk?• Are you able to use Zoom 'share your screen' to show the slides directly during your talk or doyou need someone from NAS to show your slides for you?• Will you need a test session with our Zoom techs? Please let me know as soon as possible asstaff are available to hold training sessions through Monday, April 20 (9 AM to 5 PM EDT).• If you would like to promote your participation in our meeting on social media, please let meknow the contact of your social media contact from your institution .Finally, because this is going to be a remote meeting, we would like panelists to log into Zoom 30minutes before the session starts- that is at 1:30 pm ET to go over the technology and any last minutespeaker prep. So far, more than 800 Academy members have registered for the meeting and there wil lbe additional members of the public and possibly the press tuning in.Best,Victor(bX5)-PCl1From:Sent :To:Subject:Peter:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 19 Apr 2020 03:29:42 +0000Peter DaszakRE: Thank you for your public comments re COVID-19's originsMany thanks for your kind note.Best regards,TonyFrom: Peter Daszak (b)(6) ----------- Sent : Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 9:43 PM To: Morens, David (NIH/NIAID) [El ---------------~-~-- (b)(6); Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b )( 6) >Cc: Stemmy, Erik (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)•>; Erbelding, Emily (NIH/NIAID) [El---------(b)(6)> ; Aleksei Chmura ------------ (b)(6) Subject: Thank you for your public comments re COVID-19's originsImportance: HighTony (cc'ing David so that you might pass th is on to Tony once he has a spare second)As the Pl of the ROl grant publ icly targeted by Fox News reporters at the President ial press briefing lastnight, I just wanted to say a persona l thankyou on behalf of our staff and collaborators, for publiclystand ing up and stat ing that the scientific evidence supports a natural origin for COVID-19 from a bat-tohumanspillover, not a lab release from the Wuhan Institu te of Virology.From my perspective, your comments are brave, and coming from your t rusted voice, wi ll help dispelthe myths being spun around the virus' origins .(b) (7)(A)Once this pandemic's over I look forward th anking you in person and let you know how important yourcomments are to us all.Cheers,Peter(b) (7)(A)From:Sent:Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSun, 19 Apr 2020 01:23:00 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: cotton swabsFollowup email from Jake Tapper.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(From : Jake Tapper (b)(6)Sent: Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 4:53 PM -----~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)- ------ (b)(6)> Subject: Re: cotton swabsGot itThanksOn Sat, Apr 18, 2020 at 4 :52 PM Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ------- CbH > wrote:This is what I was referring t o. They are not ready for prime tim e, since theyhave to get the right media and wrapping.Subject: Qtip announcementhttps://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-gatesfoundation-unitedhealth-group-guantigen-and-us-cottonCoronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA, GatesFoundation, UnitedHealth Group, Quantigen,and U.S. Cotton Collaborate to AddressTesting Supply NeedsThe U.S. Food and Drug Administrat ion announced a further expansion of COVID-19 testing optionsthrough the recognition that spun synthetic swabs- with a design similar to Q-tips - could be used totest patients by collecting a sample from the front of the nose.As part of this effort, U.S. Cotton, the largest manufacturer of cotton swabs and a subsidiary ofParkdale-Mills, developed a polyester-based Q-tip-type swab that is fully synthetic for compat ibilitywith COVID-19 testing. Harnessing its large-scale U.S.-based manufacturing capabil ities, U.S. Cottonplans to produce these new polyester swabs in large quantities to help meet the needs forcoronavirus diagnostic testing."This action today demonstrates the ingenuity that results from the FDA working in partnership withthe private sector. The Trump Administration has been working side-by-side with our industrypartners to fight this pandemic, and today is a great example of that work. We appreciate work byUnitedHealth Group, Quantigen, and the Gates Foundation to perform and support the clinicalstudies necessary for this advancement. We also want to acknowledge U.S. Cotton's efforts tomanufacture a new type of swab for COVID-19 testing tha t can be produced at scale. We appreciatethe work of these collaborators to consider how these test supplies could be broadly distributed tomeet not only the testing needs of the United States but also global needs around the pandemic. Allof these actions by these American organizations will help continue to expand our testing capability,"said FDA Commissioner Stephen M. Hahn, M.D.This finding that spun synthetic swabs could be used for COVID-19 test ing is based on results from aclinical investigation that represents a collaboration between the FDA, UnitedHealth Group, the GatesFoundation, and Quant igen. The type of test ing at the front of the nose used in th is study is notablebecause it allows self-collection by patients the reby limiting exposure of healthcare providers; it ismore comfortable for patients and it can be performed by a swab that is more readily available andmanufacturab le at scale.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: Cb) (6}The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may containsensitive information. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intendedrecipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it fromyour mailbox or any other storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and InfectiousDiseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for any statements made that are the sender's ownand not expressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Attachments :Larry:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSat, 18 Apr 2020 22:21:02 +0000Corey MD, Larry;Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElMascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E)RE: (b)(6)COVID vaccine editoria l_16April 7pm - with Fauci edits.docxI have gone over the manuscript and have made a number of edits that aretracked into the attached document. Please take a look, accept the changes(unless you have issues with them) , add the references and then let us discussnext steps, i.e. add or not Francis to authors and where in the order.John:Please also give it another good look.Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sende r's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Corey MD, Larry (b)(6);,Sent: Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 12:34 AM -------~ = To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)( >; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [El(b)(6)>Cc: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [El Cb >0'1>Subject: work ing draft of NEJMHere is the workin g draft . My manuscript ty pist too tired to work tonight so it reflects severalchanges I made tonight ; it should be readable ;LarryFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 20:40:34 +0000Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIA ID) [C) (b)(6)Cc: --::--:-:-----;====-===== - Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Greg Folkers ---------(b)(6)) Subject: F W: You are a HeroPlease see me about thi s on Monday. Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Kathy Ireland ------------ (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 7, 2020 4:56 PM --------=-=~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E- --------(b)(6) Subject: You are a HeroDear Dr. Fauci,Thank you for everyth ing you 're doing for America and the world. I'm wr it ing to you today, rather thancalling, because it 's impossible to imagine the degree to wh ich leading science duri ng this COVID-19pandemic is impacting your life and your fami ly. Please know, that your wisdom and passion brings somuch comfort to millions, including our family and me, specifi cally. You may recall from our previoustalks, that (b)(6)What avicious virus, Dr. Fauci ... unlike anything I've ever seen.In addition to my work as Ambassador for the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation, it is also an honor andresponsibility to serve as International Youth Chair for the Nationa l Pediatric Cancer Foundation . In thatposition , people approach with questions for our government that I am uncomfortabl e giving opinion son in ignorance. So reluctant to bother you - I'm seeking to learn who at the NIH I should bring this to?(b)(4)Thank you so much for all that you do.Always,KathyFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 20:21 :32 +0000(b)(6)FW: article and bb rim(b)(6)Attachments : The Mentor Who Mad e Dr. Anthony Fauci - WSJ - large text.pdfThis article about my relations hip with Shelly Wolff is worth readingAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail,___,,. __ _, (b)(6)The in ormation in t ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. <barton.haynes@duke.edu>Sent : Thursday, Apr il 16, 2020 12:3-9 -P-M- ----, .....,..,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: article and bb rimHi tony:Glad this worked out. Wonderful article. Great trib ute to both you and Shelly. But the socks in the lastpicture ...... .(b)(6)So when the pandemic is over or when you are down there andwant a break, I can put you in touch wi th him to see the Regis bb goal.He has been following your career for many years. Very nice fellow .Thanks for all you are doing Tony , it on ly sounds like it is getting more and more difficult . But you aredoing an amazing job ....So proud of you and that .___ ____ C_>b.<.. ,.Best BartFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 20:12:02 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Cc: Greg Folkers (bH ;Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: FW: From Jack Curry/ YES Networ k (Yankees)Have we decided to set this up. Let us discuss.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone (b) (6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6)Se nt: Thursday, Apr il 16, 2020 1:45 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6>:>; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E]--------- (b)(6); Folkers, Greg {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)> Subject: ASF: From Jack Curry/ YES Network (Yankees)Jack Curry (broadcaster with the YES Network, which is like MASN, but for the Yankees) is appealing toyou as a New Yorker and lifelong Yankees fan for a 10-minute interview via Zoom. Jack covered theYankees for 22 years at the NYT. The interv iew would run on YES (largest regional sports network in thecountry) as the focus of one of the or iginal shows they are producing 3x/week called "YES, WE'RE HERE."It would be run across all of their social med ia platfo rms (reach of over 1M). They would also air clips onthe Michael Kay Radio Show (TV play-by-play announcer for the Yankees), which is simulcast on YES andis the highest-rated drive time talk show in New York.Questions below , including a few at the end about your lifelong baseball fandom . Is this someth ingyou'd be willing to do? If so we will seek clearance.POSSIBLE QUESTIONSDOCTOR FAUCI, I KNOW YOUR DAYS ARE FILLED WITH OFFERING ADVICE AND COU SEL TO SO MANYPEOPLE ABOUT THE CORONA VIRUS. WITH THE SOBERING POSITION WE HA VE BEEN IN FOR A WHILE, WHATWOULD BE YOUR MOST URGENT MESSAGE TO AMERICANS?THE PHRASE 'FLATTENING THE CURVE' HAS BECOME COMMONPLACE IN OUR VERNACULAR IN RECENTWEEKS. HOW MUCH CLOSER ARE WE GETTI G TO FLA TTENJNG THE CURVE?YOU'VE SAID SEVERAL TIMES THAT THE VIRUS IS THE CLOCK. WHAT IS THE VIRUS TELLING YOU ABOUTTHAT TIME FRAME?AS THE COUNTRY TR TES TO WORK ITS WAY BACK, THERE HAS BEEN SPECULA TTON ABOUT HOWPROFESSIONAL SPORTS CAN RETURN. WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON HOW, FOR INSTANC E, MAJOR LEAGUEBASEBALL WOULD BE ABLE TO ST ART ITS SEASON?BASEBALL IS A SPORT 1N WHICH SHAKING HANDS IS AS COMMON AS BALLS A D STRIKES. NOT JUST INBASEBALL , OBVIOUSLY, BUT IN LIFE OVERALL , HOW MUCH DO YOU ADVOCATE NOT SHAKING HANDSANYMOR E?THE NEW YORK TIMES REFERRED TO YOU AS THE EXPLAINER-IN-CHIEF IN COMPLIMENTING YOURABILITY TO SPEAK BLUNTLY AND TRUTHFULLY. SO HOW SHOULD AMERICANS PLAN ON BEHA YING AS WE MOVEFORWARD IN THESE UNCERTAIN TIMES?AND ... lF DR FAUCI WAS COMFORTABLE WITH IT, A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS ABOUT HIS BASEBALLFANDOM ...WITH ALL THAT'S HAPPENING AROUND US AND YOUR IMPORT ANT ROLE IN IT, JT MlGHT SEEM TRJTE TODISCUSS BASEBALL. BUT I KNOW YOU'VE BEEN A YANKEE FAN FOR MORE THAN 70 YEARS. AND I WOULD LIKE TOASK YOU A FEW BASEBALL QUESTIONS.WHEN AND HOW DID YOUR YANKEE FANDOM BEGIN?YOU WERE A YOUNGSTER WHE THE YANKEES WON 5 STRAIGHT WORLD SERIES TITLES FROM 1949-1953,THE ONLY TIME THAT'S EVER HAPPENED IN BASEBALL HISTORY . WHAT ARE YOUR MEMORIES OF THOSE YEARS?HOW HAS YOUR BACKGROUND IN SPORTS HELPED YOU IN YOUR ROLE WITH THE NIALD?AND, FINALLY, YOU 'VE SPOKEN ABOUT HOW NEW YORK IS THE EPICENTER OF THE VIRUS. FOR NEWYORKERS WHO ARE LOOKING FOR SOME LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL , WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO THEM?From:Sent :To:(b)(6)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 07:00:08 -0400Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [CJSubject : Fwd: The global health leaders call, THURSDAY3 0 April at 14.30 CETFYIBegin forwarded message:Fr om : "RYAN, Michael J." (b)(6J>Date: April 27, 2020 at 5:34:56 AM EDTTo: SHOC (b)(6) , Office of the Director-General <DG0ffice @who.int> ,"Redfield Rober t R. CDC/OD " (b) (6)(b)(6)(b) (6) David Heymann(bH6l >, "Felicity Harvey(b) (6) "Chris .Elias"(b) (6) , "Fauci, Anthony (NIHINIAID) [E]"(b)(6)"GREIN , Thomas"(b)(6)"COX, Paul M_ichael" (bH >,------- i.....;_ ~= "SCHWARTLANDER, BemhardF." (bH6l , "MINHAS ,Raman" _________ __,, (b)(6J"Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIA ID) [E]" ------. (bH6~J, "MAHJOUR,Jaouad" (b)(6J , "FALL, Ibrahima Soce" (b)( , "ThomasR. Friede n" (b) (6)Lynn Banks (b)(6) , President I Reso lve to Save Lives<pres ident@resolvetosave lives.org>, "Amadou .SALL"SHORBATI, Farah", Robynn Leidig (b) (6)>,"DRURY, Patrick Anthony" (b)C6lt>, "Dr VAN KERKHOVE, Maria"(b)(6)"GRAAFF, Peter Jan"-------- (b)(6)"POOLE, Marcia" -------- (b)(6)TarikM ohammed(b)(6) CarlosNavarro Colorado _____ _, ~Ryan Morhard ____ ___, Cb)(6)~"BRIAND, Sylvie" Cb>< , "MORGAN, Oliver' , (b)(6)"Harries, Jenny" (b)( , "Awwad , David (NIH/NW D)[C]" Cb)(6), "SIMONSON, Stewal1' CbH6)"SINGER, Peter Alexande r" (b)(6) "Jayat unga, Wikum""Julie.HALL"RIOUX-----,,CbH6)>, "KABIR, Sophia"Feng Ding(b)(6)CbH6)>, Amelie(b)((b)(6), "SHIN, Young-Soc"(b)(6)(b)(6)ASMA , Samira" (b)(6) ------------ Cc: SHOC <shoc@who.int>, Office of the Dir ector-Genera l <DG0ffice @who.int>,"SCHWARTLAN DER, Bernhard F."______ Cb)C6) , "MAHJOUR,Jaouad'' Cb>< , "FALL, lbrabima Soce" (b)(6) , "GREIN,Thomas" CbH6) , "MINHAS, Raman" Cb>< , , "COX, PaulMichael" __ ..,, CbH6) , "AL-SHORBAJI, Farah" CbH6),"POOLE, Marcia" CbH6) , "DRURY, Patrick Anthony"------- (b)(6) , "GRAAFF , Peter Jan" CbH6)>, "Dr VAN KERK.HOVE, Maria" Cb(>6 ) , "KABIR, Sophia"------- Cb)< , "FARES, Christine Youssef' Cb)< "AYLWARD, Raymond Bruce J." (b)(6) , "SMITH, Ian Michael"(b)(6)Subject: The global health leaders call, THURSDAY 30 April at 14.30 CETDear colleagues,Dr Tedros would like to invite you to the next informal discussion about theongoing 2019 novel coronavirus.The teleconference will be hosted on THURSDAY, 30 Apr il at 14:30 CET and Zoomdetai ls are copied below.If you experience any technical difficulties joining th is conference call, pleasecontact the WHO HQ EOC operator at: +4122791 5533It would be appreciated if you could kindly confirm your participation to Ms SophiaKabir, email (b)(6); mobile no. (b)(6)The agenda and background documents will be shared ahead of the call.Best,MikeJoin Zoom Meetinghttps:// who.zoom.us/j l Cb()6 ),C b()4 ~Meeting ID: (b)(6), (b)(4)Password: H6>(,b H4>Dial by your location+41 43 210 71 08 Switzerland+4143 210 70 42 Switzerland0 800 561 252 Switzerland Toll-free0 800 002 622 Switzerland Toll-free+l 253 215 8782 US {Tacoma)+l 213 338 8477 US {Los Angeles)888 475 4499 US Toll-free877 853 5257 US Toll-free+33 7 5678 4048 France+33 1 7095 0350 France0 800 944 049 France Toll-fr ee0 800 940 415 France Toll-fr eeMeeting ID: (b)(6) , (b)(4)Find your local number: https://who.zoom.us/u/ae FZfwUgUcJoin by SIPI Cb) (6), Cb) (4~@zoomcrc.comFrmn:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 10:54:50 +0000Duchin, JeffEi ubject : RE: High PraiseJeff:Well-deserved recognition of your fine work. Keep it up.Best regards,TonyFrom: Duchin, Jeff (b)(6) ----------- Sen t: Sunday, April 26, 2020 11:58 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]-- ----------=---=---=Cb=H 6)> Subject: High PraiseTony - in a recent shoddy "investigative journalism " piece about our work here in Seattle(https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/times-watchdog/why-the-seattle-soundersgame-went-on-desp ite-coronavirus-emergency/) the reporter referred to me as being to theSeattle area what Anthony Fauci would become to the country. So despite the crappy reportinghe bestowed upon me the highest of praise and rem inded me again of the incredible serviceyou are doing for our count ry. Hang in there and tak~ care of your self. We need you . JeffXJeffrey S. Duchin, MD (he/him)Why the Seatt le Soundersgame March 7 went ondespite coronavirusemergencyAs virus fears grew, public officials andsports execs debated health risks - andPR messages - but let 33,000 into aMarch 7 Sounders match. At what cost?www.seattletimes.comHealth Officer and Chief, Communicable Disease Epidemiology & [mmunization SectionPublic Health - Seattle and King CountyProfessor in Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of WashingtonAdjunct Professor, School of Public Health401 5th Ave, Suite 1250, Seattle, WA 98104Tel: (206) 296-4774; Direct (b)(6) ,; Fax: (206) 296-4803E-mail: Cb) (6)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Mon, 27 Apr 2020 02:47:49 +0000To: Shapiro, Neil (NIH/OD) [E];Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E);Tabak, Lawrence(NIH/OD) [El;Johnson, Alfred (NIH/OD) [El;Hallett, Adrien ne (NIH/OD ) [ElSubject: RE: NIAID fac ilities in the CARES Act spend planI suggest tha t _________________________ Cb _H_6)From: Shapiro, Neil (NIH/OD) (El (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 26 , 2020 10:32 PMTo: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El ______ ("b")',.(.=6.,)>; Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) (El(b)(6)>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E) (b)( ; Johnson, Alfred":".":"~'.:"":"':-:":':'-:=====-..;,_- ~=(NIH/OD) [E) (b)(6) >; Hallett, Adrienne (NIH/OD) [E) < CbH >Subject: NIAID facilities in the CARES Act spend planImportance: HighFrancis and Tony,I have been working to get OMB/ASFR clearance for the 3rd Supplemental spend plan, and haveencountered a hitch with 0MB concerning the VRC/RML proposal. They say they (b)(5J-(b)(5) Thanks, ----------------NeilFrom:Sent :To :Subject:Yes, please.Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElMon, 27 Apr 2020 02:46:32 +0000Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [ElRE: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479From: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] ------- (b)( '>Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 10:32 PM To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] ----------~---- (b)(=6)> Subject: FW: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479Want me to call CbH6)?From: Corey MD, Larry (b)( >Sent : Sunday, April 26, 2020 1:44 PM -----~~ To: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El-------- CbH6);M ascola, John (NIH/YRC) [El (b)(6).> Subject: RE: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479I think it would be very helpful , I see no downside ..From: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] ------- Sent : Sunday, April 26, 2020 6:38 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El------= (b")"('=6)>; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [El--------- (b)(6); Corey MD, Larry (b)(6)> Subject: RE: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479If it would be helpful, I'd be glad to do the outreach to Holden Thorp- Tony and I can discuss.FrancisFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El< (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 8 :37- -A-M- ----,; =, To : Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b)(6)>; Corey MD, LarryCollins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6)>Subject: RE: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479All good options. Let us go with Science first. If they do not want it , I am certain that ScienceTranslational Medicine will take it. I will discuss with Francis and John.From: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Saturday, Apr il 25, 2020 5:59 PMTo : Corey MD, Larry (b)(6)>; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El -------- (b)(6)Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: RE: New England Journal of Med icine 20-13479In looking at NEJM, they have had 4 COIVD-19 perspect ives in last 6 weeks, and they may have impactedtheir thinking.Agree with talking to editors . If inte rest in Science or Nature, suggestions below.Priscilla Kelly, editor at science emai led me a while about their interest in papers. So if inte rest inScience, we could check with her.If Nature, Ursula Weiss.JohnFrom: Corey MD, Larry (b)( >Sent : Saturday, Apr il 25, 2020 5:50 PMTo: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] -------= =~======~= Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- >; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Re: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479You and Tony decide . Science or Nature accomplish the same but it seems we need a discussion withthe editor first to explain the importance of the manuscript.Sent from my iPhoneOn Apr 25, 2020, at 2:18 PM, Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El ------- (b)(6)> wrote:Very surprised.Do you want me to push back?FrancisFrom: Corey MD, Larry (b)( >Sent : Saturday, April 25, 2020 3:55 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] ______ Cb _H_6J>; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E](b)(6)Cc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6J:Subject: RE: New England Journal of Medic ine 20-13479A do have to say I am surprised . but okFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] -------- (b) (6)> Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2020 12:53 PMTo: Corey MD, Larry (b)(6)>; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [El(b) ~ >Cc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6)Subject: Fwd: New England Journal of Med icine 20-13479Let us discuss next stepsBegin forwarded message:From: New England Journal of Medi cine<onbeha lfo f@manuscriptcentral.com >Date: April 25, 2020 at 12:31:26 PM EDTTo: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El" <afauci@niaid.nih.gov >Subject: New England Journal of Medicine 20-13479Reply-To: "editorial@nejm.org " <editorial@nejm.org >Dear Dr. Fauci,I am sorry to info rm you that your submission, "A Strategic Approach toSuccessful COVID-19 Vaccine Development," has not been accepted forpublication in the Journa l. It was evaluated by members of our editorial staff.After considering its focus, content, and interest, we made the editorialdecision not to consider your submission further . We are informing you ofthis promptly so that you can subm it it elsewhere.Thank you for the opport unity to consider your submission.Sincerely yours,Eric Rubin, M.D., Ph.D.Editor-in ChiefNew England Journal of Medicine10 Shattuck StreetBoston, MA 02115(617) 734-9800Fax: (617) 739-9864http://www.nejm.orgFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Adrian:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 00:48:28 +0000Adrian HillHildegund Ertl;Sarah Gilbert;Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)RE: COVID-19 vaccineThank you for you note. Sorry that I took a few days to get back to you, but Ihave been swamped. It is good to know of your work on the chimpanzeeadenoviral vectors . The biosafety classification of viral vectors in the U.S. is withinthe purview of the CDC, and so I have copied CDC Director Bob Redfield on this email.He would be able to point you in the right direction.Best regards,TonyFrom: Adrian Hill (b)(6)Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 6:16 PM -----~~ To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Hildegund Ertl (b)(6); Sarah Gilbert ______.._ __ (b)( >Subject: FW: COVID-19 vaccineDear Dr Fauci(b)(4)Thank you for your consideration of th is at an exceptionally busy time .Yours sincerelyAdrian HillProfessor Adrian V. S. HillDirector, The Jenner InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOld Road Campus Research BuildingOxford OX3 7DQFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 00:45:21 +0000Marston, Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E)Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: FW: 260 County Models of COVID-19 Outbreaks across the USPlease see me or give me a call about this. Thank s.From: Rubin, David M (b)(6)>Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 9:04 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]_ ______ ("b")",,'(..6=,>>:Cc:O ffit, Paul (b)(6); Tasian, Gregory E- ---------(b)(6J>; Huang, Jing (b )( 6) >Subject: 260 County Models of COVID-19 Outbreaks across the USHi Dr. Fauci,Jon Yewdell suggested I contact you directly to expedite a briefing on the new county-level models t hatour center, Policylab, at CHOP, will be releasing tomorrow. He shared with us your note below aboutincluding Ambassador Birx and Bob Redfield as well. We'd be happy to do so, and had been in touchwith Ambassador Birx last week. We have also stayed in contact with the analytics team led by I rumZaidi and Chuck Vitek. I am also tasked to Governor Wolfs crisis team in Pennsylvania and shared thedata with the Governor today.Let us know next steps for arrang ing a video conference. Will arrange our schedule at yourconvenience. Will have Ors. Paul Offit, Greg Tasian, and Jing Huang join from our team .Best,DaveDavid Rubin, MD MSCEDirector of Population Health InnovationDirector of Policy LabChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaOffice: (b) (6)Cell: (b) (6)www.policvlab.chop.edu I @PolicyLabCHOPChildren's Hospitalof PhiladelphiaProfessor of Pediatri csPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaFrom: "Yewdell, Jon (NIH/NIAID) [E]" --------- (b)( Date: Tue sday, April 21, 2020 at 8:55 PMTo: "Rubin, D-av-id- -M!": ====~~--- (b)(6)> cc: Paul Offit --------- CbH6)·> Subject: <no subject>David,At this point, I think it is best to contact Tony directly. He's at(b)(6)Good luck!JOllJonathan Yewdell MD, PhDChief, Cellular Biology SectionLaboratory of Viral DiseasesNIAID, NIHTruth ·wins: A Practical Guide to Succeeding in Bion1edical Researchfree eBook download of my bookLink to Ohio State Science Sunday video on scientific methodFrom: Rubin, David M -------- (b)(6) Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 8:43 PMTo : Yewdell, Jon (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------=- (b=)(=6)Cc: Offit, Paul (b)(6)Subject: FW: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on policy memorandum to reopen economyHi Jon,Paul forwarded me your email back to him. Our team would be happy to present to him, AmbassadorBirx, and Bob Redfield. We have shared the models with Governor Wolf in Pennsylvania today, and theyare informing strategy here . The 260 county models will post to our Policylab website tomorrow . Ofnote, Paul and I had spoken to Ambassador Birx in the last couple of weeks, and we have been incontact with I rum Zaidi, Chuck Vitek, and the analytics team.Let us know how would be best to set up a group webinar to present the information. Or feel free toconnect us directly with their schedulers. Think the models illustrate the low margin of error in thelarge cities for resurgence risk, even as other less densely populated counties may be tolerant toreopening strategies.DaveDavid Rubin, MD MSCEDirector of Population Health InnovationDirector of Policy LabChildr en's Hospital of Philad elphiaOffice: (b) (6)Cell: (b) (6)www.uo1icylah.cho_p.edu I @PolicyLahCHOPChildren's Hospitalof PhiladelphiaProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania~ Per elmanV"'-' Schoo l of rvtt.-cclini.:l}l\l\ ► 1\1 'r 1/ r1,,,10,, •From: Paul Offit CbH6)>Date: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 at 5:46 PMTo: "Rubin, David M" Cb)(6)Subject: Fw: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on po licy memorandum to reopeneconomyTony has seen our memo. His response is below.From: Yewdell, Jon (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b)( >Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 5:45 PMTo: Offit, PaulSubject: FW: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on policy memorandum to reopen economyTony neve r ceases to amaze me . ...See immediate reply belowJonathan Yewdell MD, PhDChief, Cellular Biology SectionLaboratory of Viral DiseasesNTAID, NTHTruth Wins: A Practical Guide to Succeeding in Biomedical Researchfree eBook download of my bookLink to Ohio State Science Sundav video on scientific 1nethodFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] Cb<> 6>lSent: Tuesday , Apri l 2 l, 2020 5 :06 P-M-- ------=-~ To: Y ewdell , Jon (NIH/NIAID) (E] CbH ·> .__...,,.,..=Cc: Shaffer, Meredith (NIH/NIAID ) [E] CbH ; Conrad, Patricia(NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH >; Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIA ID) [C](b)(6)Subject: RE: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on policy memorandum to reopeneconomyJon:Thanks for the note. It would be even better if they could presen t not only to me,but to Deb Birx and Bod Redfi eld.Best ,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MO 20892-2520Phone: (b)( 6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail (b)(6) --------The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used bv anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Yewdell, Jon (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, Apri l 21, 2020 4:29 PM- ------~ = To: Fauci , Anthony (NIH/N[A[D) [E] (b)( 6) ..._~~Cc: Shaffer, Meredith (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Heads up from Paul Offit and David Rubin on policy memorandum to reopeneconom yTony,Paul and David asked me to pass this on to you.Forwarded message from David:"I think the time has come, with our models on 260 counties across the country relea sing in thenext 48 hour s, to offer Tony Fauci, and potent ially other ta sk force member s, a previ ew of thework. Our models have incorporated local area differences due to weather, population and socialdistanc ing. They reveal that the large, densely popula ted cities will struggle to re-op en, and arenot well aided by weather effects given their density. However, in less densely popula ted areas,in which case counts are lower , weather has been a mitigating factor. These latter countie s mayhave better success when they re-open assuming they are smart about workplace safety and havetesting and surveillance strategies in place"DaveDavid Rubin, MD MSCEDirector of Population Health Inn ovationDirector of Policy LabChildren 's Hospital of Philad elphiaOffice: (b) (6)Cell: (b)(6)m,vw.policylab.chop.edu I @PolicyLabCHOPChildren's Hospitalof PhiladelphiaProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 27 Apr 2020 00:43:24 +0000Young, Neal S {NIH/NHLBI) [E)Subject:Thanks, Neal.Best regards,TonyRE: LambrisFrom: Young, Neal S {NIH/NHLBI) [E]_ ______ Cb<>_.>Se nt: Wednesday, April 22, 2020 8:07 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) ------= (b)""('=6J>Subject: FW: LambrisDear Tony'Forwarding to you at the request of two colleagues, experts in anti -complemen t therapies .Thanks, and 'stay health y.NealFrom: "John D. Lambris" CbH6)>Date: Tuesday, Apri l 21, 2020 at 2:43 PMTo: Skype CbH6)Cc: Antonio M Risitano (b)(6) --------Subje ct : LambrisHi Neal,I hope all is well and you are staying healthy .Could you please bring us in contact with Antony Fauci to see if he can help our program?All the best and Stay HealthyJohn(b)(4)From: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]Mon, 27 Apr 2020 00:42:34 +0000Lerner, Andrea {NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent:To:Subject: FW: Update: Inhibit cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by ProteasomeInhibitorsAttachm ents : (b) (4)Please respond to th is person. Thanks.From: Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2020 9:41 AMTo: Coomes, Stephani e (NIH/N IAID) [E] _________ (:b:-),;.(,.6=) >; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)Cc: (b)( Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Subject: Update : Inhib it cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by Proteasome InhibitorsImportance: HighDear Dr. Fauci,dear Dr. Coomes,thank you for your reply from 13. April with the notice that the information has been shared with NIAID'sCOVID-19 research team .Has the project already been initia lly evaluated by the team?Are there any questions or need for additional information?• I have summed up the relevant data regarding the use of proteasome inhibitors for treatment ofCOVID-19 patients with acute lung and systemic organ failure in a position paper, please find aPreview draft attached.• With regard to currently ongoing t rials with monoclonal antibodies against the IL-6 receptor, i.e.tocilizumab or sarilumab: These approaches go into the same direction as the presentsuggestion, however, inhibit ion of NF-KB by proteasome inhibitors could provide the uniquepotential to inhib it the release of multiple cytokines simultaneously, in particular strongly proinflammatorycytokines including IL-1, IL-6, TN Fa and chemokines, such as MIP-1 and CXCL1.• This simultaneous inhibition of multiple cytokines/chemok ine seems to be advantege auscompared to single ta rget approaches {as with the mAb) to compensate fo r redundant andsynergistic effects of multiple cytokines released during highly pathogenic CoV or HSNlinfection .Looking forward to hearing from you.Kind regards,RalfMit freundlichen GrU~en / Kind regardsDr. Ralf KircheisDirector R&DResearch & DevelopmentMail: RKircheis@syntacoll.dePhone: +49 9441 686048s~ntacoll<:;ynt:ittnll hmhH, Onn::u,c:tr;ic;c;.?p4 , n-CJ~~? <:;(4;l\ ;;:1 rl l1tn.::u.1Tel: +499441 / 68 60 o, Fax: +49 9441 / 68 60 30Hande lsregister: Amtsgericht Regensburg· HRB 1612USt· ldNr. DE 128580796Geschaftsfuhrerin: Dr. Alexandra Dietr ichUnsere Hinweise zum Datenschutz, lnsbesondere zu den Ihnen zustehenden Rechten, flnden Sle unte rwww.syntacoll.de/ datenschutzVon: Coomes, Stephanie (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Gesendet: Montag, 13. Apri l 2020 02:37An: Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Betreff: RE: Inhibit cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by Velcade BortezomibDear Dr. Kircheis,Thank you for your recent email to Dr. Anthony Fauci. Your message was forwarded to the Division ofMicrobiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) at the Nat ional Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID). As a member of DMID 's Office of Scientific Coordin ation and Program Operations, I am pleasedto respond.I want to thank you for reaching out to share this informat ion and let you know that your message hasbeen shared with NIAi D's COVID-19 research team .Sincerely,StephanieStephanie M. Coomes, Ph.D.Health Scientist AdministratorOffice of Scientific Coordination and Program OperationsDivision of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health5601 Fishers Lane, Room 7G68Rockville. MD 20892(b)(6)VDisclaimer: The informat ion in this email and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the originally intended recipient. If you have received thisemail in error, please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The NationalInstitu te of Allergy and Infectious Diseases shall not accept liability for any statements made that are the sender'sown and not expressly made on behalf of NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Sent: Wednesday, Apr il 8, 2020 2:49 AM ------ == To: Fauci, Ant hony (NIH/NIAID ) [El (bH >; Billet, Courtney (NIH/N IAID) [El______ (_b)_C_6>) ; NIAID Ocpostoffice (NIH/NIAID) <0CPOSTOFFICE@niaid .nih.gov>Cc: Fischer, Elizabeth (NIH/NIA ID) [El (b)( >; Foster, Erin (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)( >; Foster, Sarah (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6); Vasilenko, Olga(NIH/NIAID ) [El (b)(6>:>; Vasquez, Aurelio (NIH/NIAID) [El________ (_b)_C_6,;) Vostal, Alexander (NIH/VRC) [Fl (b)( >; Vazquez-Maldonado , Nancy (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6); Austi n, James (NIH/NIAID) [El4 (b)( ·>; Agulto , Liane (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>; Deckhut, Alison(NIH/NIAID ) [E] (b)(6)>; Kircheis Dr. Ralf <RKircheis@syntacoll.de>Subject: WG: Inhibit cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by Velcade BortezomibImportance: HighInhibition of cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrom byPROTEASOME INHIBITORS e.g. Velcade {Bortezomib}Dear Dr. Fauci,dear Madams/Sirs,I want to bring to your attension some potentially important experimental data and a new proposal fortreatment of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure . Sorry forthe broad distribution but I wanted to make sure that my message reaches you.Similarly as has been described earlier for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV (Channappanavar & Perlman,2017) , H5Nl and some heavy HlNl Influenza A infe ctions, also COVID-19 patients have beenreported to show significantly increased systemic cytok ine release (i.e. cytoki ne storm), particularlythose patients with lung failure or system ic organ failure (Chao/in Huang et al. Lance t vol 395, 2020, ref1).Previous studies at Virologik GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, in colabo ration with the Friedrich-Loefflerlnstitut,Tuebingen, Germany have shown, that HSNl (or alternatively LPS) -induced Cytokine storm invivo can be inhibited by application of Proteasome Inhibitors (E. Haasbach et al, Antiviral Res. 91,2011, ref . 2), via the inhibition of translocationo fthe NF-icBt ranscriptionf actor to the nucleus (seeFig. below ). The mechanism of NF-KB inhibition by proteasome inhibitors is well described, and worksvia the inhibition of t he protea soma I degradation of the cytosolic inhibitor IKB, this way keeping NF-KBbound in the cytosol and there by inhibit ing the otherwi se induced (by cytokine or LPS- or RNA vi rus)translocat ion of NF-KB to the nucleus where it would initiate the transcr ipt ion of many cytok ines. Thiseffect of proteasome inhibitors seems to wo rk in most cell ty pes, we could demonstrate this effect inseveral different cell types (including macrophages) after stimulation with TN Fa in vitro and in HSNl (orLPS) treated mice in vivo (see manuscript and Figs. attached) .Inhibition of NF-KB by proteasome inhibitors provides the unique potential to inhibit the release ofmany cytokiness imultaneously, in particular strongly pro inflammatory cytokines IL-lex.I,L -6, TNFa.,M IP-1fL.) (whereas some other cytokines involved in ant iviral immune response, such as IFNy probably seemto be not/less affected (because of diffe rent transcription pathway) .Importantly, beside t he anti-inflammatory activity, proteasome inhibitors showed also significant antifibrotic activity (Lueftenegger et al., manuscript and figs attached) , which may be also important in thetreatment of COVID-19 patients with heavy lung disease.Furthermore, there have been several publications showing tha t in particular early phases of thereplication cycle of Corona virus seem to be dependent on interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasomalsystem (UPS) of the host cell, and were effectively inhibited by selective 20S proteasome inhibitors(such as Velcade) (Wang et al. Viro logy J 2010 , 7:99 (ref . 3}; M. Raaben et al. J. Virology, 84(15), 2010,ref. 4).There are several registered proteasome inhibito rs (Bortezomib (Velcade Gt ) e.g. produced byMill ennium Pharmaceuticals (i.e Takeda Oncology); Carfilzomib (Kyprolis®), lxazomib (Ninlaro ®)) fortreatment of multiple myeloma and Mantel cell lymphoma, i.e. there are registered drugs with wellknown side effects available to be tested in small clinical studies for evaluation of their therapeuticefficacy in COVID-19 patients with heavy lung disease and other organ failure. Noteworthy: in contrastto the chronical oncological indications where up to 8 trea tment cycles (and sometimes even more) areapplied, it seems plausible that just one or two treatment cycles of proteasome inhibitors might besufficient to downregulate the cytok ine storm in COVID-19 patients, which would be associated alsowith much lower side effects.Early first experience on efficacy could be gained from compassionate use applications in heavily illCOVID-19 patients very quickly. Beside the registered application forms, i.e. infusions, probab ly alsoinhalative application should be tested as well, because it may be better suited to reach the respectivetarget cells in the lung, i.e. alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. There are multipleinhalative devices available, e.g. the Handyhaler by Boehringer lngelheim used for Spiriva (for COPDtreatment).Alt hough t here are still many open questions, the potential to control the cytokine storm-induced heavylung and other organ failure by using already registered drugs, ie. proteasome inhibitors may be a realchance to get an additional treatment option , hopefully decreasing the cases necessary for artificialaeration.Please forward this mail to the colleages you consider relevant for evaluation, discussion andconsideration for your clinical strategy for COVID-19.Please let me know if additional info rmations are necessary.To my person: I have MD PhD degree and have many years experience in pharmaceutical development(Boehringer lngelheim ), Biotech (lgeneon, Aphton, Virologik GmbH) (for reference see also PubMedKircheis r) currently leading R&D activities at Syntacoll (part of lnnocoll). I am providing this informationpersonally in order to help to find a t reat ment for COVID-19 patients .Looking forward to getting feedback from you,With kind regards,Ralf Kircheis (MD PhD)(b)(6)rkircheis@synt acoll.de(b)(6)Pis inhibit TNFa. Induced nuclear NFicB translocationcontrol• PI inhibit TNF« induced nuclear Nft.B cranslocation in a varietyof cells, Including tumor cells, stellate ceUs and macrophages@ VIRO LoGI KAntiviral Res. 2011 Sep;91 (3):304-13. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.07.006. Epub 2011 Jul 13.Antiviral activity of the proteasome inhibitor VL-01against influenza A viruses.Haasbach E1, Pauli EK, Sprange r R, Mitzner D, Schubert U, Kircheis R, Planz 0.Author informationAbstractThe appearance of highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the H5N1 subtype being able toinfect humans and the 2009 H1 N1 pandemic reveals the urgent need for new and efficientcountermeasures against these viruses. The long-term efficacy of current antivirals is often limited ,because of the emergence of drug-resistant virus mutants. A growing understanding of the virus-hostinteraction raises the possibility to explore alternative targets involved in the viral replication. In thepresent study we show that the proteasome inhibitor VL-01 leads to reduction of influenza virusreplication in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) as demonstrated with threedifferent influenza virus strains, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1 N1) (EC50 value of 1.7 μM},A/Regensburg/O6/09 (H1 N1 v) (ECSO value of 2.4 μM) and A/Mallard/Bavaria/1 /2006 (H5N1) (EC50value of 0.8 μM). In in vivo experiments we could demonstrate that VL-01-aerosol-treatment ofBALB/c mice with 14.1 mg/kg results in no toxic side effects, reduced progeny virus titers in the lung(1.1 ± 0.3 log10 pfu) and enhanced survival of mice after infection with a 5-fold MLD50 of the humaninfluenza A virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1 N1) up to 50%. Furthermore, treatmen t of mice withVL-01 reduced the cytokine release of IL-a/~, IL-6, MIP-1 ~. RANTES and TNF-a induced by LPS orhighly pathogen avian HSN1 influenza A virus. The present data demonstrates an antiviral effect ofVL-01 in vitro and in vivo and the ability to reduce influenza virus induced cytokines andchemokines.Copyright© 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.PMID:21777621DOl :10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.07.006[Indexed for MEDLINEMit freundlichen Grul?,en / Kind regardsDr. Ralf KircheisDirector R&DResearch & DevelopmentMail: RKircheis@syn tacoll .dePhone: +49 9441 686048s~ntocollSyntaco ll GmbH, Donaustrasse 24, D-93342 Saal a. d. DonauTel: + 49 9441 / 68 60 o, Fax: +49 9441 / 68 60 30Handelsregister: Amtsgeri cht Regensburg • HRB 1612USt· ldNr. DE 128580796Geschaftsfuhre rin: Dr. Alexand ra Dietr ichUnsere Hinweose zum Datenschutz, insbesondere zu den Ih nen zustehenden Rechten, finden Sie unte rwwws votacodlle /datenscbut2From:Sent :To:Subject:Brian:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 27 Apr 2020 00:40:50 +0000Xizhong, Cui (NIH/CC/CCMD) [ElRE: remdesivir and Present's wor ds on disinfectantThank you for your note.Best regards,TonyFrom: Xizhong, Cui (NIH/CC/CCM D) [E]Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 8:36 PM-------- (b)( >-------=-=--== To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6)> Subject: remdesivir and Present's words on disinfectan tDear Dr. Fauci,(b) (5)I am an investigator in CCMD, CC, National Institutes of Health, I am studying coronav irus infection inanimal models on preclinical treatment. I was a doctor when I was in China, now I am just a preclinicalinvest igator on infectious diseases.(b) (5)(b) (6), (b) (5)Best wish to you and be safe. Thanks your efforts to all Americans!!Brian X. Cui, MD, Ph.DCritical Care Medcicine DepartmentClinical CenterNational Institutes of HealthPhone: (b)(From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [EJSun, 26 Apr 2020 23 :13:59 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/ NIAID) [E)Subject:upload t alk)Attachment s:Re: Keynote Spea~er- Keystone Vac:cinology eSymposia (direct ions to record &image00 l. png, image002.png, image003.png, image004.png, imag e00S.pngAgree.On Apr 26, 2020, at 6:38 PM, Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E](b) (6) wrot e:I think Hilary is closest to this and shou ld get the assignm entFrom: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/N IAID) (E] (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, Apr il 26, 2020 5:12 PMTo: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@n iaid.nih .gov>Subject: FW: Keynote Speaker- Keystone Vaccinology eSymposia (directions to record &upload tal k)Greg and team:Let us discuss.TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confident ial and maycontain sensitive information . It should not be used by anyone who is not theoriginal intended recipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform thesender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices . The Nationa lInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for anystatements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representa tives.From: Kristina Horton <krist inah@keystonesymposia.org>Sent : Friday, April 24, 2020 4:06 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [El .-------- -(,b.-.)_(.=., >Cc: rino.r.rappuol i@gsk.com; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El- --------- (b)( > Subjec t: Keynote Speaker- Keystone Vaccinology eSymposia (directions to record & uploadtalk)Greetings Dr. Fauci:Thank you for agreeing to participate as the keynote speaker for the KeystoneeSymposia: Vaccinology in the Age of Pandemics : Strategies Against COVID-19 & Other Global Threats , a virtual conference which will be held on, Monday ,June 15 and Tuesday, June 16, 2020 .Understand ing how busy you are right now, we would like to make this process aseasy as possible. We are hoping to receive pre-recorded talks by Monday, May18. Please keep us apprised on your timeline and we will work with your schedule .Here are the details on next steps.Next Steps:• Keynote Talk Title: Transforming Vaccino logy: COVID-19 Emergency andConsiderations for the Next Decadeo Please review your talk title and return any changes. Changescan be made up to two-weeks prior to the event.• Please follow this link to upload your talk recording, by Monday, May.1.!lC. lick here to learn more about recording your presentation . Our mediateam can assist you with recording on your personal computer.• Similar to the face -to-face conference, we envision approximately50-60 minutes for the keynote lecture.For questions about the scientific programming of this meeting, please contact Dr.Rappuoli at rino.r.rappuoli@gsk .com and I will serve as the administ rative/logisticscontact at KristinaH@KeystoneSymposia.org.Best,KristinaKristina H. Richardson, MSScientific Advisory Board Coord inatorAdministrative Assistant: CSO & Global Developmen t+ (b)( 6) I kristinah@keystonesymposia.org<image0O 1. png>PO Box 1630 I Silverthorne I CO 80498 I USA (regular mail only)160 US Highway 61 Ste. 200 I Silverthorne I CO 80498 I USA (courier only)970.262.1230 I 800 .253.0685 I www.keystonesymposia.orgVisit virtual.keystonesymposia.ortgo view our digital content .<image002. png><image003.png><image004. png><image00 5. png>KEYSTONE'" SYMPOSIA'o n M o le c ul a r a nd Ce llul a r Bi ologyAccc/crari ng Life Science DiscoveryDIVERS ITY IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE000KEYISO NE1 1SAY MPOS~011 Molecular anV1cellular JloJ01yAee.,...IAMM• DIMM._,,•IY■lllff •• 1NI KIIITIPIC ·••11,oac■
From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 23:13:04 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Cc:(NIH/NIAID) [E]Subject:Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C];Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E];Routh, JenniferRe: Thank you , and ...Attachments : image002. pngGayle _ Cb>_<_6 )and so I would like to do it if they clear itOn Apr 26, 2020, at 7:08 PM, Conrad, Patri cia (NIH/NIAID) [E]Cb()6 ) wrote:You sent this to me on Friday but we have not had a chance to discuss.(bXS)- l'UPlease advise if you want to do this - again, adding others here aswell..-pFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 5:44 PM ------ == To: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIA ID) [El (b)( >; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID)[El CbH6)>Cc: Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/N IAID) [C) (b)(6)Subject : FW: Thank you, and ...Have we discussed thi s already? Gayle CbH6JAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : Cb()6 )FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and maycontain sensitive information. It should not be used by anyone who is not theoriginal intended recipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform thesender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for anystatements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representa tives.From: Gayle Smith <gayle.smith ,@one.org>Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2020 1:48 PM ------- ""=7 To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] (b)(6) :, --------- Cc: Tom Hart <tom .hart@one.o rg>Subject: Thank you, and ...Dear Tony,I have always felt reassured when the good Dr. Fauci speaks, and now more than ever. Asan American , a former colleague, a long-time admirer and student of your wisdom -thankyou . We are all safer because of you, and the world will be a better place because of you.Again.As you know, I am now leading the ONE Campaign. We've been quite active with theONEWorld Campaign, dedicated to the fight against this newest virus, and focused onAfr ica. We've made some progress on debt, and next up is a foc us on ensuring that avaccine, when it comes, is available to everyone.One of the things we want to do is educate people, in all of the places we work. It won 'tsurprise you that of particular urgency amongst our partners in Afr ica is that facts andinformation get to people across the continent, but we also know t hat more facts areneeded everywhere. So next month we are going to launch #PassTheMic, where every dayfor 19 days we will ask a celebrity to turn his or her social media channels over to an experton COVID-19 for one day. So Julia Roberts might turn her Twitter account to you to talkabout the critical elements needed to flatten the curve and slow the spread. Or Idris Elbacould give up his lnstagram to the head of the African CDC so that he can illustrate theimpact COVID-19 will have across Africa and what that means for the rest of the world .We know artists wan t to be helpful right now, but that it is hard to know what to do. Andwe know there are experts like you out there who have the answers. We've thought aboutthis a lot at ONE and wanted to do something we felt would truly have an impact. As welook ahead we know COVID-19 does not know borders and until it is beaten everywherewe are not in the clear. We need a global response plan and we need it now. By turningover th eir platforms for the day, celebrity influencers will be donat ing one of their biggestassets - their followers - to YOU, giving you the platform you need (and we all need) to tellthe world why a global response is cri tical. Because none of us are safe unt il all of us aresafe.We will work with each expert/celebrity pair to personalize the content to our and ourcelebrity partners' audiences - in North Amer ica, Europe and Africa, and help createcontent that both parties are happy with. We are now confirming our talent part ners, andso far are getting a terrific response .We know you're a busy man, so we've planned it so that the amount of time on your endwould be minimal. But the impact would be maximal.I'm attaching more information about the campaign. Please let me know what you thinkand if you have questions. Ideally we would like to get th is off the ground in early May, soare hoping to conf irm folks by April 28th at the latest. Our team will be in touch with youroffice to follow up.Thanks as always for everything you do. All my best to you, Gayle<image002.png>Gayle Smith I President & Chief Executive Officer I ------- (b)(6)ONE.ORG I Twitter I Facebook I lnstagramONE is a global movement campaigning to end extreme poverty and preventable disease by2030 so that everyo ne, everywhere can lead a life of dignity and opportunity .<PasstheMic Expert Outreach. pdf>
From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Tim:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:50:57 +0000Broas, TimothyGrady , Christine (NIH/CC/BEP) [ElRE: Greeti ngsThank you for your kind note . It was great to hear from you. I hope tha t all iswell with you and your family and that we get a chance to reOconnect when thesituation begins to return to some form of normal ity ..Best regards ,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Broas, Timothy <t imothy .broas@bclplaw .com>Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2020 10:26 AM ------- == To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: GreetingsDear Tony:It's been a long time. Honestl y, I can't remember when we last saw each other. I recall thatwonderful day we went to the Nats game together, although I cannot remembe r who else camewith us. And of course I will always remember when you came to my Partners in Healthfundraiser and introduced Paul Farmer. I will never forget yours eech (and neither will Paul!).Ooce oo~I apologize for dropping out of touch .Those events were so many years ago, (b) (6) no? So much has happenedand changed since then, and now, seeing you and listening to your wise words and adviceevery day, I am reminded that we need to reconnect, when it's safe and you have time . Wehave so much to catch up on! I have been meaning to write to you or call you, but I hadmisplaced your email address and phone numbers. I hope this address works and thismessage reaches you .Meantime, thank you for your service to our country , indeed the world . You have been a solid,wise, steady voice, Tony, and , despite all the naysayers and fools on social media, you haveearned the respect of billions of people. I am very proud of you, and am humbled and honoredthat I can call you my friend .I hope you and your family are well, and staying safe . The Broas family is doing well, thanks inno small part to your dai ly advice and objective analysis . Thank you! Please let me know ifthere is anything I can do for you or your family.Looking forward to seeing you on the other side of this, and having a good catch up. Whoknows, maybe at a Nats game?Best regards,TimBRYANCAVEAMBASSADOR(R ET) TIMOTHY M. BROAStimothy.broas@bclplaw.comLEIGHTONn r11~+1~ 20p2 sro=s6 11s M:PAISNERul !,! ----(b)(6)BRYANC AVEL EIGHTONPA ISNERL LP.1155 F Street NW, Washington, DC 20004-1357bclplaw.comCOVID-19 / CORONAVIRUS RESOURCES ►This electronic message is from a law firm. It may contain confidential or privileged information. If you received this transmission in error,please reply to the sender to advise of the error and delete this transmission and any attachments.We may monitor and record electronic communications in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Where appropriate we may alsoshare certain information you give us with our other offices (including in otller countries) and select third parties. For further information(including details of your privacy rights and how to exercise them), see our updated Privacy Notice at www.bclplaw.com.From:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSun, 26 Apr 2020 21:44:20 +0000To: Greg Folkers CbH6);Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElCc: Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [ClSubject: FW: Thank you, and ...Attachment s: PasstheM ic Expert Outreach.pdfHave we discussed thi s already? Gayle -------- (b)(6)Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail=--__,. __., (b)(6)The information inlh ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From : Gayle Smith <gayle.smith@one.org>Sent : Thursday, April 23, 2020 1:48 PM ------- ---,~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El ---------(b)(6) Cc: Tom Hart <tom .hart@one .org>Subject: Thank you, and ...Dear Tony,I have always felt reassured when the good Dr. Fauci speaks, and now more than ever. As an American,a former colleague, a long-t ime admirer and student of your wisdom - thank you. We are all saferbecause of you, and the world will be a better place because of you. Again.As you know, I am now leading the ONE Campaign. We've been quite active with the ONEWorldCampaign, dedicated to the fight against this newest virus, and focused on Afr ica. We've made someprogress on debt, and next up is a focus on ensuring that a vaccine, when it comes, is available toeveryone .One of the things we want to do is educate people, in all of the places we work . It won't surpr ise youthat of particular urgency amongst our partners in Afr ica is that facts and informat ion get to peopleacross the cont inent, but we also know that more facts are needed everywhere . So next month we aregoing to launch #PassTheMic, where every day for 19 days we will ask a celebrity to t urn his or her socialmedia channels over to an expert on COVID-19 for one day. So Julia Roberts might turn her Twitteraccount to you to talk about the crit ical elements needed to flatten the curve and slow the spread. OrIdris Elba could give up his lnstagram to the head of the African CDC so that he can ill ustrate the impactCOVID-19 will have across Africa and what that means for the rest of the world .We know artists want to be helpful right now, but that it is hard to know what to do. And we know th ereare experts like you out there who have the answers. We've thought about this a lot at ONE and wantedto do something we felt would truly have an impact. As we look ahead we know COVID-19 does notknow borders and unt il it is beaten everywhere we are not in the clear. We need a global response planand we need it now . By turning over their platforms for the day, celebrity influencers will be donatingone of their biggest assets - their followers - to YOU, giving you the platform you need (and we all need)to tell the world why a global response is crit ical. Because none of us are safe until all of us are safe.We will work with each expert/celebrity pair to personal ize the content to our and our celebritypartners ' audiences - in North Amer ica, Europe and Africa, and help create content that both parties arehappy with . We are now confirming our ta lent partners , and so far are getting a terrific response.We know you're a busy man, so we've planned it so that the amount of time on your end would beminimal. But the impact would be ma>:imal.I'm attach ing more informa tion about the campaign. Please let me know what you t hink and if you havequestions. Ideally we would like to get t his off the ground in early May, so are hoping to confirm folks byApril 28th at the latest. Our team will be in touch with your office to follow up.Thanks as always for everything you do. All my best to you, GayleGayle Smith I President & Chief Execut ive Officer I ------- (b)(6)ONE.ORG I Twitter I Facebook I lnstagramONE is a global movement campaigning to end extreme poverty and preventable disease by 2030 so thateveryone , everywhere can lead a life of dignity ancl opportunity.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSun, 26 Apr 2020 21:36:37 +0000Lusso, Paolo (NIH/N IAID) [ElSubject: RE: Potentia l t reatment breakthrough from MilanThanks.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-O331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail Cb) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformat ion. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Lusso, Paolo (NIH/NIAID) [E]Se nt: Sunday, April 26, 2020 5:09 PM(b)( >To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID). ,[E..] .-:.-.-.-.-.:-.-!==(==b)(==6.)>. ~ ~- Cc: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Re: Potent ial t reatment breakthrough from Mi lanDear Tony :I am trying to reach the Pl of the study, but on a Sunday afternoon/evening I doubt I will be successful.should be able to get more information tomorrow morning and pass it on to you, Cliff and Joe Kovacs.All the best,PaoloPaolo Lusso, M.D., Ph.D.Chief, Section of Viral PathogenesisLaboratory of lmmunoregul at ionBldg. 10, Rm. 6AllNIAID, NIHBethesda, MD 20892Phone: (b)(6) (personal)--==~ (b;H:;:6;;)-;:(-1"a:"b"")' .Fax: (301) 480-5291E-mail:- ------- (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confident ial and may contain sensitiveinformation . It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you havereceived this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any otherstorage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infect ious Diseases (NIAID) shall not acceptliability for any statement made th at are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representat ives.From: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6)Date: Sunday, Apr il 26, 2020 at 3:47 PM ---------=-~ To: "Lusso, Paolo (NIH/NIA ID) [E]" (b)(6)Cc: "Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6)Subject: RE: Potential treatment breakthrough from MilanThanks, Paolo. (b)( S)Best,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6) --------(b) (5)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: l usso, Paolo (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ CbH6)Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2020 12:22 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------- (b)(6)Subject: Potential treatment breakthrough from MilanDear Tony:(b) (5lCongratulations to Brad Pitt for impersonating you! All the best,PaoloFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:17:22 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [ClSubject: FW: Washington Post story re: Sam mies finalist sPlease set up an interview as requested below. Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Alle rgy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Davidson, Joe <joe.davidson@washpost.com>Sent : Friday, April 24, 2020 12:58 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Cc: (b) (6)Subject: Washington Post story re: Sam mies finali stsHello Tony,Congratu lations on being a Career Achievement finalist for the Samuel J. HeymanService to America Medals (Sammies ). I'm writing a Federal Insid er column about th efinalists and would like arrange a telephone interview with your for the sto ry.My questions include :Why did you join the federal service?Is ther e one example or anecdote that makes you particularly proud of you work?What do you like most about your job?What do you like least about your job?Why would you recommend, or not, your agency and/or the federal governmen t to thoseseeking career advice?I know this is an incred ibly busy time for you. I appreciate that th e life and death issuesrelated to the coronavirus are more important than any award. Nonetheless, I hope youcan spare 10 or 15 minutes for a telephone interview on Tuesday or Wednesday, April 28or 29. I can also make other days that week work.Thank you.Best,JoeJoe Davidson, columnistThe Washington Post1301 K Street, NWWashington, DC 20071202.334 .6415 - work----(b-) (6) - cell joe.davidson@washpost.comTwitte r: @JoeoavidsonWPWebsite: wapo.st/JoeDavidsonFrom:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:14:32 +0000To: Greg Folkers (b)(6)Cc: ------- (b)( ;Grady, Christine (NIH/CC/BEP) [E] Subject: FW: COG - Helen Branswell/STAT request / challenge studiesPlease have her speak with Chris and/or Cliff. Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Friday, April 24, 2020 3:04 PMTo: NIAID COGCORE <COGCORE@mail.nih.gov>Cc: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Subject: COG - Helen Branswell/STAT request/ challenge studiesHelen would like to speak w ith someone (ASF, Cliff , C Grady?) to discuss current thinking hereon challenge studies for COVID-19. Not sure of deadl ine.(b)(6)helen .branswell@statnews.comDisclaimer: Any third-party mate rial in this email has been shar ed for internal use under fair use provi sionsof U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy /veracity. It does not necessarily representmy views nor those of NIAID, NCH, HHS, or the U.S. governmen t.From:Sent :To:Subject:upload t alk)Attachments :Greg and team:let us discuss.TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:12:06 +0000NIAIDODAMFW: Keynote Speaker- Keystone Vaccino logy eSymposia (direct ions to reco rd &Vaccinology eSymposia_DRAFT Program Description & Schedule.pdfNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Kristina Horton <kristinah@keyston esymposia .org>Sent: Friday, Apri l 24, 2020 4:06 PM ------- == To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: rino .r.rappuoli@gsk .com; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: Keynote Speaker- Keystone Vaccinology eSymposia (di rections to record & uplo ad talk)Greetings Dr. Fauci:Thank you for agreeing to participate as the keynote speaker for the KeystoneeSymposia : Vaccinology in the Age of Pandemics: Strategies Against COVID-19 & OtherGlobal Threats, a virtual conference which will be held on, Monday, June 15 and Tuesday,June 16, 2020.Understanding how busy you are right now, we would like to make this process as easy aspossible. We are hoping to receive pre-recorded talks by Monday, May 18. Please keep usapprised on your timeline and we will work with your schedule. Here are the details on nextsteps.Next Steps:• Keynote Talk Title: Transforming Vaccinology : COV ID-19 Emergency andConsiderations for the Next Decadeo Please review your talk title and return any changes. Changes can be madeup to two-weeks prior to the event.• Please follow this link to upload your talk recording, by Monday, May 18. Clickhere to learn more about recording you r presenta tion. Our media team can assist youwith recording on your personal compute r.• Similar to the face -to-face confe rence, we envision approximate ly 50-60 minutesfor the keynote lecture .For quest ions about the scien tific programming of th is meeting , please contact Dr. Rappuo li atrino .r.rappuo li@gsk.com and I will serve as the administrat ive/logistics contactat Kristi naH@KeystoneSympos ia. Org.Best,KristinaKristina H. Richardson, MSScientific Advisory Board CoordinatorAdministrative Assistant: CSO & Global Development(b) (6) I kristinah@keystonesymp osia. org _____ _,,KEYSTONE ~ SYMPOSIAo n M o l ec ul a r a nd C el l ul a r Bi o l ogyAcc elerating Life Science DiscoveryDIVERSITY IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCEPO Box 1630 I Silverthorne I CO 80498 I USA (regular mail only)160 US Highway 6, Ste. 200 I Silverthorne I CO 80498 I USA (courier only)970.262.1230 I 800.253.0685 I www.kevstonesymposia.orgVisit virtual.keystonesymposia .org to view our digital content. oe ooFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Attachments :Steve:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:11:15 +0000Hahn, StephenFW: Thank You! (FDA Submission: EUA200258)2AML- COVID-19_ACCREDITATION 1 PAGER.PDF, IMG-20200330 -WA0002 .jpgThey have contacted me, but have you seen this? I am sure that it is one ofmany that you see.Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Eli J. Safdieh CbH6)>Sent: Friday, April 24, 2020 4:12 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N__IA ID;). .[.E;;.]. .;.::======"::::;:;;;-:--(-b-)(6)Subject: Re: Thank You! ----------(b)(4 ) )Dear Dr. Fauci,Hope all is well. Since this crisis has begun, I have been working(b)(4)Best Regards,Eli J. SafdiehFrom: "Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID ) [E]" (b)( > on behalf of "Fauci, _;__ _ _;_;;_;;_.:::=;~c,""-------A nth on y (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6)Date: Thursday , March 19, 2020 at 10:59 AMTo: Eli Safdieh (bH6)>Subject: RE: Thank You!Dr. Fauci wanted me to thank you for you note.Best regards,Patricia L. ConradPublic Health Analyst andSpecial Assistant to the DirectorNational Inst itute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesThe National Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, MSC 2520 - Room 7 A03Bethesda, Maryland 20892(b)(6)301-496-4409 faxDisclaimer :The information in this e-ma il and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensi tive information . It should not be usedby anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you have received th is e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete itrrom your mailbox or any otner storage oevices. National 1nslilute or Allergy ano 1nrec11ousD iseases (NIAID) snau not accep1liability ror any statement made that are sender's own and not expres sly made on behatr or the NIAID by one or its representatives .From: Eli J. Safdieh (b)(6)> ______ _,Sent: Thursday, March 19, 2020 5:13 AM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) --------- Subject: Thank You!Hi Dr.,Hope all is well with you and your family.You are a symbo l of integrity, nationalism , human ity, brilliance and perseverance. God bless you in allthat you do for our country, fo r human beings and society.We are praying for your success in mitigating and destroying this epidemic!Best Regards,Eli J. SafdiehFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSun, 26 Apr 2020 21:06:30 +0000Dieffenbach, Carl (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: Documents as discussedNational Institu te of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 3 I, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institu tes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone (b) (6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b) (6)The informa tion in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensi tive infom1ation. Itshould not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recip ient. lf you have received this e-mail in errorplease inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The National Institute ofAllergy and Infectious Disease s (NlAID) shall not accept liability for any statements made that are the sender's ownand not express ly made on behalf of the NlAID by one of its representatives.-----Original Message-----From: Dieffenbach , Carl (NlH/NIAID) [E] ---------(-b)( Sent: Friday, April 24, 2020 6: 13 PM -------=-:,-:-= To: Fauci, Anthony (NTH/NlAID) [E] -------- (b)(6) > Subject: FW: Documents as discussedDr. Fauci ,l feel compelled to let you know directly when ever l talk to or correspond with an [C Director. I know you askedhim to reach out. Just closing the loop.Carl-----Original Message- ----From: Dieffenbach, Carl (NTH/NTATD) [E]Sent: F1;day, April 24, 2020 6: 11 _PM_ ____ ~=To: Singer, Dinah (NIH/NC[) [E] ______ Cb><_ ; Sharp less, Norman (NII-I/NC I) [E](b)( >Cc: Fauci , Anthon (NTH/NTAlD) [E] (b)(6) Auchincloss , Hugh (NTH/NIATD) [E](b) (6)> ; Erbelding , Emily (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b) (6) ; Cassett i, Cr istina(NIH/NIAID) [EJ. ..._______,, ,___ C_b) (6).>Subject: Documen ts as discussedDinah and Ned,Jt was a pleasure talking to you about what you are considering . As we discussed, here is the NIAID Strategic Planthat was just published , and two models of funding opportunity announcements for you to consider as models. I alsothink the Cancer Centers have aspects of collaboration , shared facilities, and research focus that you can borrow. Somuch of what NlAlD has built is modeled on the Cancer Centers.NWD strategic plan for COYID-19https: / /www .nia id.nih . gov /site s/ default / tiles/NIA ID-COY 10-19-Strategic-P lan-2020. pdfCurrent Centers for ATDS Research FOAhtips://grant~.nih.gov/grants lguide/pa -fi les/par-20-106.htmlThis is a very old RF A. Tam sending it because it was NTAID's first attempt to build rese arch capacity for the Level3 and Level 4 pathogens after the Anthrax events. The current versions of the RF As have been limited competitionsand are a Jess relavant.https: //grants.nih .gov/grants /guide/rfa-fi lesirfa-ai-04-032.htmlWith best rega rds,CarlCarl W. Die ffenbach, Ph.D.DirectorDivision of AIDS, NIAID560 l Fishers Lane , Room 8D34{he, him, his)Rockville , MD 20852-983 lPhone: (b) (6)Ce ll: (b)(6)Fax: (240) 627-3466The informa tion in th is e-mail and any of its attachm ents is confidential and may contain sensitive information . Itshould not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recip ient. If you have rece ived this e-mail in en-orplease inform the sen der and delete ii from your maibox or any other s torage devices. The NfAID shall not acc eptliability for any statem ent made that are the sender 's own and not expressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one ofits representatives.From:Sent :To:Subject:Yes.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 21:05:18 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)RE: Interview - john lauermannNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496~ 09E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------(b) (6)•>Sent: Friday, April 24, 2020 7:12 PM- -------, .....,....,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ~=======~ = Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6l>Subject: FW: Interview - john lauermannImport ance: HighOk to schedu le? This is clearedFrom : Joh n Lauerman (BLOOMBERG/ NEWSROOM: ) At : 04/1 4/2018 : 46: 16To :Cc :(b)(6)Subject : RE : Inte r view(b)(6)(b) (6) ' (b)(6)Hi J ennife r e t a l : He r e ar e a few ques ti ons fo r Dr . Fa uci .Scientists from the Un i versity of Bri s tol found that thecoronavirus has u ne xp ec t ed t endenc y t o large mut a t i ons in t hespi ke protein when its grown in monkey cells . This ha d been seenb efore as a virus t h at was un wi ll i ng t o mutat e . Does t h is crea t ea ny co ncer n s about vaccine design a nd effec t ive ness?I t now appears t h at some peop l e wh o recover from Cov i d h ave noa nt ibodies t o t he SARS-Cov2. What are t he poss i b l e ex p l a nat i o n sfor this? Has it occurre d in other vira l d iseases? Does it haveany implications fo r the e ffectiveness of vaccines? Is NIAI Di nves t i gati ng t hi s? I s th ere a poss i b il ity t h at t he v i russequesters in cells ?Ano t h er fea tu r e of coro nav i ruses appears t o be ra p i d l y wanin gimmunity . Has this been seen in any NIAID experiments? What doest his s uggest abo u t the vir u s ' s ability to evade the immu nesyst em?A l ab or at ory at Oxford has suggested that , if al l go es we ll ,t he y may be f ini s hed with p hase 3 t r i a l s in 5000 p eo p l e by t hefall , which co u ld mean as early as Septe mber . Does that so undrealistic to you?Some compa ni es are aski ng regu l ators t o make sure t h at safe tystandards are upheld for maker s of Covid vaccin e s , and thatc or ne rs aren ' t cu t . Is i t wor t h cut t ing some safe t y co r ne rs t oge t a Cov i d vacc ine read y for distr i bution?How ma ny p eo p l e s hou l d t he Mod erna va cc i ne be t es t ed in i n ph as e3? How l ong wou l d you e xpec t t ho s e t r i als t o tak e?Tha n ks very muc h, h ope we ca n se t t hi s up soo n . All best , JL +442035 25 1 028E'rom : (b)( ------------- 6) At : 0 4 / 12 / 2 0 2 2 : 3 8 : 3 6 To : John La u er manCc :(BLOOMBERG/ NEWSROOM: ).----- C_Hb_ 6_J I (b)( ~ '(b)( 6)Subject : RE : Inte r viewHi John - sorry we are still trying to get somethi ng arranged. Could you sendyour questions .Thanks,JenJennifer Routh [E]News and Science Writing BranchOffice of Communications and Government RelationsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)NIH/HHS31 Center Drive Room 7A17CBethesda, MD 20892Direct: (b) (6)(b)(6)Disclai mer: The informat ion in this e-mail and any of its attach ments is confiden tial and may conta in sens itive informat ion.It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you have received th is e-mail in error pleaseinform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The Nationa l Institute of Alle rgy andInfect ious Diseases shall not accep t liabi lity for any state ments made that are sender's own and not express ly made onbehalf of tile N IAID by one of its representatives.From:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSun, 26 Apr 2020 21:00:27 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Folker s, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: BOLIVIAN COVID-19 GUIDELINESI cannot co-aut hor anything with them. Make sure they do not slip my name in.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone Cb()6 )FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- Se nt: Saturday, Apr il 25, 2020 7:20 AM --------=-o:-= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6); Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIA ID) [E) (b) (6) >Subject: Fwd: BOLIVIAN COVID-19 GUIDELINESSent from my iPhoneBegin forwarded message:From: Quispe Cornejo Armin Alvaro ----------------- (b)( >Dat e: April 25, 2020 at 5:30 :30 AM EDT -------~ = To: "Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)( >, "Barasch, Kimberly{NIH/N IAID) [C]" (b)(6)>Subject: BOLIVIAN COVID-19 GUIDELINESDear Ms. Patricia ConradDear Ms. Kimberly Marie BaraschI hope you are well desp ite the current devastat ing world pandemic.The Bolivian Society of Intensive Care together with the Bolivian HealthcareMinistry are writing the national guidelines for the manageme nt of COVID-19 in thecritically ill patient, an issue that is an emergency worldwide and maybecome disastrous in the low-middle income countr ies of Latin America if notmanaged since the beginning with precise, accurate and uniform approaches .With our team in Erasme University Hospital in Brussels , Belgium, together withProfessors Jean - Louis Vincent, Fabio Taccone, Jean Charles Preiser,Jacques Creteur, etc., we are preparing the material with other Bolivian andMexican intensiv ists , internists , infectologists, imagenologists.I wonder if Dr. Anthony Fauci would honor us coauthoring and reviewing our lastversion of some chapters of our guidelines.Best regards ,SPE - CORNEJO,Erasme I-~dicine PhD fellow (Fell.)ritica f UNA MJ -Jbeto/og[a - Educaci6n- SIZ member1 8177■ Cliniquesu nlve,silair~dRo 11£ d lf n 11k 808 . 8S \WM.erasme.ulb.ac.beErasme ILienvers Disclaimer■ Cllniquesu niversitair~sd e Bruxelles~oute dr '"" lk 808 8 1070 8 ux lie'>s v.ww.erasme.ulb.ac,beFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 26 Apr 2020 20:12:51 +0000Alb ert i SaverioSubject: RE: spreading determinants of SARS-CoV-2Thank you!Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-O331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformat ion. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recip ient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not express ly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Alberti Saverio (b)( ------------ Sent : Sunday, April 26, 2020 9:10 AM ---------~~ To: Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ---------- (b)(6) Subject: spreading determinants of SARS-CoV-2Dear Tony,we are all witnessing the great effort your collabo rators and yourself are investing over this pandemicemergency .As you well know, in Europe and Italy we had the unfortunate priv ilege of having been first hit hard bythe pandemic, after China.We had the opportuni ty of meta -analyzing data from 170.000 patients in European countries , forassociated determinants of the spread ing fo rce of COVID-19.If this may provide a useful, albei t non gratifying, contr ibution for the US and other countries, we wou ldfeel we had done our job .best wishesSaverioProf. Saverio AlbertiGenetica MedicaDipartimento di Scienze BiomedicheUniversita di MessinaPoliclinico "G. Martino"via Conso lare Valer ia98 125 Messina(b)(6)Skype: ----(b-)(6) iemail : _____(b)(_6), ..From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:58 :06 +0000(b)(6)Subject: RE: Covid 19 Double Mechanism . By Dr Brogna CarloThank you for sending this.Best regar ds,AS FauciAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-O331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: c.brogna@libero .it ------- (b)(6)Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 7:51 AM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------------=---:-=,( b)(6) Subject: Covid 19 Double Mechanism . By Dr Brogna CarloDear Dr A. Faucy,we don't know each other. I was born (b)(6) I am a simple doctor inMedicin and live in a remote Italian region. I am no one . I trust in God that you can read mypaper, being published. I send it to you to anticipate the exit times because I trust that we canreally unders tand what Covid 19 is. Being nobody , I did what nobody would have done. I usedthe few tools I had available and questioned all the papers and data published so far. I describewhat the dual mechanism of the Covid-19 can be. I anticipate that the resu lt conclusioni is notto my credit but I have been helped. I wish you a good read. May God bless us.Sincerely w ith love,Dr. Carlo Brogna M.D.(b)(6)ItaliaAvellino -lserniaFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:56:13 +0000Goletti DeliaCc: Fabrizio Cantin i; (b)(6) Lerner, Andrea {NIH/NIAID) [E];Cassetti, Cristina{NIH/NIAID) [E];Marston, Hilary {NIH/N IAID) [E];Greg Folkers (b)(6)Subject: RE: impact of bari citini b in COVID-19-an off label study CONFIDENTIALThank you, Delia. I appreciate the informat ion.Best regar ds,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidentia l and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you havereceived th is e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any otherstorage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not acceptliability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representati ves.From: Golett i Delia (b)(6hSent : Friday, Apri l 17, 2020 8:03 AM -------~= To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Fabrizio Cantini (b)(6}Subject: impact of baricitinib in COVID-19-an off label study CONFIDENTIALdear dr Fauci, good morn ing. I hope you are fine.Apologies to dist urb you but it may be of your interest . I saw in the web that you {NIAID/Fauci)(https ://investor. I ii ly .com/news-releases/news-release-details/Ii lly-begi ns-cli n ica 1-testi ng-the rapies-covid-19 )will be support a tria l using Baricit inib as part of the ACTT tria l ...I collaborated with Fabrizio Cantini {he reads in cc), a reumathologist of Prato to write a letter to J Infection{pdf attached). He conducted an off- label study in patients with mild -moderate pneumonia with COVID-19[(SpO2) >92% at room -air, and rat io arterial oxygen part ial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen {PaO2/FiO2)100-300 mm Hg] to evaluate the impact ofbaritinib {tablet 4 mg/day) in terms of safety, clin ical respiratoryimprovements, discharge, ICU tr ansfer in 2 we eks; these pati ents received also lopinavir/ritonavi r therapy.The last consecutive patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia receiving standa rd of care therapy(lopinavir/ri tonavir and hydroxychloroquine) admitted before the date of the fi rst baricitinib -treated patientserved as controls.The results of this off-label study, with the limit of not been a RCT, are encouraging:1. Safety: only 1/12 case of transaminase elevation at day 10, likely due to lopinavir ritonavir coadministrationbecause baricitinib is mainly renal secreted2. Respiratory improvement : Sp02 and ratio arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen(Pa02/Fi02) significant ly improved;3. Discharge in 7 /12 vs 1/124. ICU transfer (0/12 vs 4/12)I do hope it may be a useful, although I am aware that it is a very preliminary info for you.Thank you for your attent ion.All the bestDeliaOa: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6) 1 n vi at o: giovedl 16 aprile 2020 00:02A: Goletti Delia (b)(6)Oggetto : RE: Italian press ... for you!Delia:Thank you very much for sending these.Best regards,TonyFrom: Goletti Delia (b)(6)>Sent: Wednesday, Apri l 15, 2020 2:51 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------,a (b..),.(=.6)Subject: Italian press ... for you!Dear dr Fauci, I disturb you only to let you know that the Italian press is with you!Dr Ippolito asked me to cont ribute to prepare a document in support of you which I did with all my hearth . Igave my very minor contribution in supporting the scientific journalist, but with a lot of proud for you .If you do not have it, below are the some of the links in your favor .https://apnews.com/27feaca21519a5eaf555c01313d33b91https://apnews.com/b59d0a2c4c53f1c63a074b0d375fec23https://www.nytimes.com/aponl ine/2020/04/15/world/europe/ap-eu-virus-outbreak-italy-fauci.htmlhttps://www .nytimes.com/aponline/2020/04/15/business/ap-virus-outbreak-the-latest.htmlhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/italian-virus-hospital-offers-fauci-work-if-trump-fireshim/2020/04/15/9b9afac0-7f16-11ea-84c2-0792d8591911 story.htmlhttps:// a bcnews .go. com/Health/wireStory/italian-virus-hospital-off ers-fa uci-work-trump-fires-70160122https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.iU2020/04115/coronavirus-direttore-spallanzani-scrive-a-mattarella-econte-il-licenziamento-di-fauci-sarebbe-un-disastro-e-non-solo-per-usa/5770793/https://www.repubblica.it/salute/med icina-ericerca/2020/04/15/news/per favore non silurate anthony fauci-254087254/https://www.sanitainformazione.it/politica/emergenza-covid-19-negli-usa-anthony-fauci-rischia-illicenziamento-lappello-di-ippolito-spallanzani/https://www.adnkronos.com/fatti/cronaca/2020/04/15/coronavirus-pazienti-dimessi-dallospallanzani pu DuaZKkoJ NyLCZ 11 DlgPN .htmlall the bestDeliaDa: Goletti Delia(b) (6)>lnviato: domenica 12 aprile 2020 19:57A: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ ____,Oggetto: R: all my gratitude and an updateThank you for your time!Best regardsDa: Fauci,A nthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)- ------- (b)( > lnviato: domenica 12 aprile 2020 19:53A: Galetti Delia (b)(6)Oggetto: RE: all my gratitude and an updateDelia:Many thanks for your kind note. It is much appreciated. I am pleased to see that you are gettinginvolved in COVID-19 work. Keep up your excellent work.Best regards,TonyFrom: Goletti Delia (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 11:02 AMTo: Fauci,A nthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ----- --:a(b- ")"('=6).>Subject: all my gratitude and an updatedear dr Fauci , apologies to write you in these busy days. It is only to express all my gratitude for whatyou have done in your life to fight infectious diseases and what you are doing now for COVID-19.Your efforts and achievement are in front of the whole world and for me it is a great honor to havebeen with you in 1992-1996 at the time of HIV fight. As I told you many times , you are a model ofexcellence!Only to keep you updated in my life, I am fine , and I mainly work as an ID specialist and scientist atthe same place in Rome, the Nationa l Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani. I am doing 2days a week outpatients TB clinic and I run a small laboratory on TB research. However , given thepandemia, I shifted the lab activities on COVID-19, in particular on:1. the role of coinfection (COVID-19 coinfection with tuberculosis, or COVID -19coinfection with HIV) on the modulation of the in vitro immune specific-response toSARS-CoV-2, or M. tuberculosis or HIV in cells from COVID-19 patients at differentclinical stage2. in vitro evaluation of the immunological and virological effect of baricinib, an anti-JAK1and -JAK2 drugs, used in reumathoid arthritis, that has shown using BenevolentAl 'sproprietary artificial intelligence-derived knowledge graph, as an agent that reduces theSARS-CoV-2 endocytosis into target cells potentially inhibiting the entry.Moreover , I would be happy to contribute in any activity you may think I am useful.I wish you a happy Easter in this blessed day.Thank you for your attention and for having had the possibility of working with you that has beencrucial in my personal and professional life.All the bestDel iaDelia Goletti, MD, PhDClinica l Inves tigator , Labo rat o rio del Vecchio, Room 13Head of Translat ional Research Uni tDepartment of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. SpallanzaniVia Portuense 292, Roma 00149 ItalyTel: ___ (b) (6), Fax: +39-06-5582-825E-mail addr ess (http://www .inmi .it/ ricerca t raslaziona le.htm l; http://www. inmi.it/ ricerca tras lazionale english.ht mlProfes sor of Pathology,Unicarnillus UniversityRome, Italy® LN ICAMILLUSVisiting Professor,Centre for lmmunobiology,B!izard Institute,Queen M ary Univ(?fSity of London, UKTop Ital ian Wom en ScientistFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Wed, 22 Apr 2020 14:41:51 +0000Billet, Courtney (NIH/N IAID) [E]RE: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guideline s for COVID-19Please send me our press release related to the guidelinesAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"44 09E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 8:46 PM ------ ::;..,..-,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( ; Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E]--------- (b)(6); Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19Your thoughts on Cliff et al doing a COCA call about the new guidel ines?(COCA= CDC's Clinician Outrea ch and Communicati on Activity)From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent : Tuesday, April 21, 2020 8:37 PM ------~~ To: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ Cb _H_6)>; Masur, Henry (NIH/CC/CCMD) [E](b)(6)Cc: Pau, Alice (NIH/NIAID) [E) ______ CbH6)>; Doepel, Laurie (NIH/NIAID) [E)(b)(6)Subject: RE: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19------------------------ (b)(5 We don' t have t o decide this to night ....(b) (5)From: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 8:20 P-M- --- --,;= To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E]- --------- (b)(6)>; Masur, Henry (NIH/CC/CCMD) [E] (b) (6) >Cc: Pau, Alice {NIH/NIAID) [E_ ______ Cb~).6. ). Doepel, Laurie (NIH/NIAID) [E)(b)(6)>Subject: Re: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH t reatment guidelines for COVID-19(b) (5)From: "Bi lle t, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El" (b)(6)Date: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 at 3:49 PMTo: "Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E]" L CbH6)j, "Masur, Henry (NIH/CC/CCMD) [E]"(b)( >Cc: "Pau, Alice (NIH/NIAID) [El" (b)(6), Laurie Doepel (b)(6)Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment gu idelines for COVID-19Please advise?From: Hall, Bill (HHS/ASPA) -------- (b) (6)>Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 3:46 PM -----~~ To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19Would Cliff and company want to participate in a COCA call that CDC could put on?From: Bonds, Michelle E. (CDC/0D/OADC) ------ (b)(6)> Sent : Tuesday, April 21, 2020 2:44 PMTo: Hall, Bill (HHS/ASPA) (b)(6)Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19I see the NIH treatment guidelines news release is out. Are you still interested in hosting a COCA canon these guidelines?Subject: FW: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19Just out, press release from NIH:Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-1904/21/2020 11:30 AM EDT"Living document" expected to be updated often as new clin ical data accrue.ExpertU .S. panel developsN IH treatmengt uidelinesf orCOVID-19"Living document" expected to be updated often as new clinical data accrue.
Colorized scanning electron micrograph ofan apoptotic cell (green) infected with SARS-COV-2 virus particles(orange), isolated from a patient sample. Image captured at the NLAID Integrated Research Facility {lRf) in F01tDetrick . Maryland.N/A/DA panel of U.S. physicians, statisticians, and other experts has developed treatment guidelinesfor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These guidelines, intended for healthcare providers ,are based on published and preliminaiy data and the clinical expertise of the panelists, many ofwhom are frontline clinicians caring for patients during the rapidly evolving pandemic. Theguidelines are posted online ( covid 19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov) and will be updated often asnew data are published in peer-reviewed scientific literature and other authoritative informationemerges.The guidelines consider two broad categories of therapies currently in use by healthcareproviders for COVID-19: antivirals , which may target the coronavirus directly, and hostmodifiers and immune-based therapies , which may influence the immune response to the virus ortarget the virus.The panel 's conclusions about treating COVJD-19 with various agents that fall into these twoclasses of therapies are distilled in summary recommendations. Subsequently , the documentprovides background information about each agent-such as clinical data about its use, ongoingclinical trials, and known interactions with other drugs-that forms the basis for theRecommendation. Tables briefly outline the same information.The guidelines also describe the evaluation and stratification of patients based on their risk ofinfection and severity of illness. Recommendations in this section address best practices formanaging patients at different stages of infection, for example:• Outpatients who are either asymptomatic or who have mild to moderate symptoms and are selfisolating• Inpatients with severe illness or critical diseaseSpecial considerations for pregnant women and for children who are infected are also included.A comprehensive section of the guidelines addresses a range of considerations for clinicianscaring for the most c1itically ill hospitalized patients. This section includes multiplerecommendations for patients needing critical care, including infection control procedures,hemodynamic and ventilatory support, and drug therapy.Finally, the guidelines include recommendations concerning the use of concomitant medications.These include statins; corticosteroids; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; and certain drugsused to conlrnl hype rtension, known as ACE inhibitors and ARBs.The treatment guidelines panel is co-chaired by Roy M. Gulick, M.D., chief of the InfectiousDisease Division at Weill Medical Hospital of Cornell University, New York City; H. CliffordLane , M.D., clinical director of the National Institute of Allergy and lnfectious Diseases,National Institutes of Health; and Herny Masur, M.D., chief of the Critical Care MedicineDepartment at the NIH Clinical Center. Members of the guidelines panel, appointed by the cochairs,were chosen based on their clinical experience and expertise in patient management,translationa l and clinical science , and/o r the development of treatment guidelines. They include30 experts drawn from U.S. healthcare and academjc organizations, federal agencies, andprofessional societies.About the National Institutes of Health (NIH) : NIH, the nation's medical research agency,includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services. NIH is the p1imary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical,and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for bothcommon and rare diseases. For more informat ion about NIH and its programs, visitwww.nih.gov.From: National Institutes of Health (NIH) <nih.ocpl@service.govdelivery.com>Sent : Tuesday, April 21, 2020 12:32 PM ----~ = To: Bedrosian, Sara (CDC/0D/OADC) (b)(6)Subject: Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-19Hav ing 1rouble viewing this emai l'.' View it as a Wch oage.You are receiving 1his message because you are subscribe:! 10 News Releases for Na1ional lnstitu1es of Heallh (NIH).Expert U.S. panel develops NIH treatment guidelines for COVID-1904/21/202011:30AM EDT"Living document" expected to be updated often as new clinical data accrue.Update Your E-mail Address I Add Subscriptions I UnsubscribeIf you have questions or problems with the subscription service, please contactsubscriberhelp .govdelivery.com . For all other inquiries about NIH programs and activities,please contact Ask NIH. Before writing, please view our Freguently Asked Questions page , ourHealth Information page, or Search our website.This service is provided to you by the National Institutes of Health .NIH ... Turning Discovery Into Health®This email was sent to eri7@cdc .gov using GovDelivery Communications Cloud on behalf of: National Institutes ofHealth (NIH) · 9000 Rockville Pike · Bethesda MD 20892 · 301-496-4000 I TTY 301-402-9612DFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent: Fri, 24 Apr 2020 01:11:10 +0000To: Marks, Peter;Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [ElCc: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E);Disbrow, Gary (OS/ASPR/BARDA);Conrad, Patricia(NIH/NIAID) [E);Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [CJ (b)(6)Subject: RE: Vaccine DevelopmentAttachments: Warp Speed Brief Deck 0800 042220.pptxPeter:Happy to discuss at your convenience - sooner rat her than later . Let us make sure that we----------------------- CbHlS. Happy to discuss this in deta il with you.Best regards,TonyFrom: Mar ks, Peter CbH >Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2020 5:50 PMTo: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El ------ (=b),,(.=6.,J>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E](b) (6) >Cc: Mascola, John {NIH/VRC) [El (b)(6J; Disbrow, Gary {OS/ ASPR/BARDA)(b)(6)Subject: Vaccine DevelopmentDear Francis and Tony,I know that you have heard murmuring about Project Warp Speed. We had a call today with JohnMascola, Carl Dieffenbach, Hilary Marston, Mary Marovich and Emily Erbelding to go through theproposal and discuss how it could feed into the ACTIV effort. Cb) (SJ(b)(5)They suggested that I contact you to try to set up a brief call togo over the plan. I am attaching a slide deck that provides an overview and am happy to find the timewhenever you are available.Thanks so much for considering,PeterFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Attachments:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElWed, 22 Apr 2020 00:29:08 +0000Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El,------ -C;;"Hb,'"="Viral Clades Brufsky 42020 Accepted Final.pdfViral Clades Brufsky 42020 Accepted Final.pdfHere is the paper from Pittsbu rg on the mutations. I will send on separate e-ma il thecommentary from China on another studyFrom : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 3:43 PM To: Graham, Barney (NIH/VRC) [El- ------~ Cb=H6 )>Cc: Mascola, John {NIH/VRC) [El (b)(6)Subject: FW: Viral Clades Brufsky 42020 Accepted Final.pdfThis is really gett ing inte rest ing. See att achment.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)>Sent : Tuesday, April 21, 2020 3:28 -P-M- ---~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6) Redfield, Robert R. {CDC/OD)-----(b)(6)>; Debi Birx (b)(6)> Subject : Viral Clades Brufsky 42020 Accepted Final.pdfSorry for all of the emails. I spoke to Adam who is an oncologist . I thought th is might be of int erest.SteveFrom:Sent :To:Subject:(b) (5)Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Tue, 21 Apr 2020 20:29:10 +0000Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSCRE: Serology Test CalculatorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6)•>Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 4:06 PMTo: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]_:...:...:..!:====~;:---Redfield, Robe rt R. (CDC/OD) (b)(6)>; Giroir, Brett (OS) (b)(6)l>(b)(Subject: Re: Serology Test Calculator(b)(5) DebFrom: "Hahn, Stephen" CbH >Date: Tu esday, April 21, 2020 at 3:23 PM ---------~~ To: "Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC" CbH6) , "Fauci, Anthony S (NIH)"CbH6)>, "Red fi eld, Robert R (CDC)" ____ Cb_H_6)>, "Giroir , Brett (OS)"======== (b');(~:6:)'Subject: Fwd : Serology Test Calcula torFrom: Shuren, Jeff (b)(6)Date: April 20, 2020 at 6:26:14 PM EDTTo: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)>, Lenihan, Keagan- ----------(b)(6)>, Shah, Anand_________ (b_H_6)>, Rom, Colin. .. _______ (b_~_<~Subject: Serology Test CalculatorAttached is a very rudimentary calculator that you are welcome to share with the WHTF/HHS serologyWG to calculate the positive predict ive value and negative predictive value of individual serology testsand the use of two tests by plugging in the known or estimated sensitivi ty, specificity, and populationprevalence of COVID-19. (b)(5)From:Sent:To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Tue, 21 Apr 2020 20:28:43 +0000(b)(6)FW: Serology Test CalculatorAttachments: Calculat or for PPV and NPV for indiv idual tests and comb ined protect ed.x lsxI will call you about thi s.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)( 6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces . The National Institute of Alle rgy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6):>Se nt: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 3:23 PMTo: Debi Birx (b)(6); Fauci, Anth ony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ---:---:-:-::-:~-:::-:-;;::::::===-~ ___ ;....;....;..:::=~~,-----Redf ie Id, Robert R. (CDC/OD) (b)( 6)•>; Giroir, Brett (OS)- ------- CbH > Subject: Fwd : Serology Test CalculatorFrom: Shuren, Jeff ---------- (b) (6)>Date : Apr il 20, 2020 at 6:26 :14 PM EDTTo: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6), Lenihan , Keagan (b)(6J>, Shah, Anand___ .....:__:....____,!=~~~--- __ ___:, _:::, _~~~~----------------- (b) ( 6), Rom, Colin --------- (b)(6)> Subject: Sero logy Test CalculatorAttached is a very rudimentary calculator that you are welcome to share with the WHTF/HHS serologyWG to calculate the positive predict ive value and negat ive pred ictive value of individual serology testsand the use of two tests by plugg ing in the known or estimated sensitivi ty, specificity, and populationpreva lence of COVID-19 (b) (5)Calculator for Positive PTest 1Sen1 Sp197.0% 93.2%Test 2Sen2 Sp288.0% 96.0%redictive Value (PPV) and NeQative Predictive Value (NPV) for individual tests and combinedPrevalence 5.0%Test 1%Pos1 PPV1 for %Neg1 NPV1 for(Test1 =pos) (Test1=pos) (Test1 =neg) (Test1 =neg)11.3% 42.9% 88 .7% 99.8%Test2%Pos2 PPV2 for %Neg2 NPV2 for(Test2=pos) (Test2=pos) (Test2=neA) l(Test2=neA)8.2% 53.7% 91.8% 99.3%Combined%Pos PPVfor %Discordant NPVfor(Test1 =pos, (Test1=pos, (Test1 =pos, (Test1 =pos, %Neg NPV forTest2=pos) Test2=pos) Test2=neg) Test2=neg) (Test1 =neg) (Test1 =neg)4.5% 94.3% 6.8% 91.4% 88.7% 99.8%From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Sat, 18 Apr 2020 22:21:37 +0000To: Hahn, StephenCc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC;Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD);Kadlec, Robert(OS/ASPR/IO);Caliguiri, Laura (FDA/OC);Lenihan, Keagan (FDA/OC);Shuren, Jeff (FDA/CDRH);Lane, Cliff(NIH/NIAID) [E];Shah, Anand (FDA/OC)Subject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County,CaliforniaGreat idea!Anthony s. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6):>Sent: Saturday, April 18, 2020 6:19 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID,..)~:[_E;:)-.::-=-=-==-=-=~-~~Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)( >; Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)(b)(6); Kadlec, Robert (OS/ ASPR/1O) (b)( ; Caliguiri, Laura (FDA/OC)(b)(6); Lenihan, Keagan (FDA/OC) (b)(6); Shuren, Jeff ":"'""-:--------:-:=======:!.:...-~____; (FDA/CDRH) CbH6>L:a; ne, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ; Shah, Anand(FDA/OC)_;..:======::;: (b:);(:c:6,=);-:'Subject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, Californ iaTeam,Anand Shah, Deputy Commissioner, reached out to the Stanford investigators on our behalf. Veryinteresti ng informa tion regarding their research and the test that they are using. They are interested inpartnering with us. I'll let Anand give the detai ls.Anand will be reaching out to the MGH fo lks, as well. (b) (5)SteveFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Date: April 18, 2020 at 3:38 :39 PM EDTTo : Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)(b)(6)Cc : Birx, Deborah L. E.O.P./N..S:C. ----=====~(~b)(6~)>,- R-e:d~fiel d, Robert R (CDC) Kadlec, Robert P (OS) (b)(6), Caliguiri, Laura (b)(6),(b)(6)-=======~~-- Lenihan, Keagan (b)(6)>, Shuren, Jeff ---------(b)(6)>, Lane, Henry c (NIH) .__ _____ Cb~_(6) >Subject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Sero prevalence in Santa Clara County, Califo rniaSteve:John Ioann idis is the one that most of us know. He is the person one of yourpeople could reach out to .Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892 -2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received t his e-mail in er ror please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The Nat ional Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liabi lity for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)Sent : Saturd ay, April 18, 2020 3:25 PM ------~~ To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N_IA_ID ); _[E]; ;_.;..::;:==(b=)(6)=~> = =~Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP (b)(6)>; Redfie ld, Robert R. (CDC/OD)(b)(6J>; Kadlec, Robert (OS/ A5PR/IO} (b)(6)>; Caliguiri, Laura (FDA/OC}"'.'"""'--:-----(b-)(6-)>.=; Le=-ni-h=a-n,=, _K=e,a.g:.a:n.: .(F.D,:A_-/O;C } (b)(6); Shuren , Jeff (FDA/CDRH) (b)(6); Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaWe can certainly work with them . Does anyone know any of these folks?From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ Cb_H_6)Date: April 18, 2020 at 10:51:33 AM EDTTo: Hahn, Stephen (b)(6)--::-::-:--::-:-::-:-:.:===:------~= Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EO:.P/N_S_C.!::=====-=~:--~- Cb_H_6) Redfield, Robert R (CDC) (b)( >,Kadlec, Robert P (OS) (b)(6), Caliguiri , Laura (b)(6)>,Lenihan, Keagan (b)(6) Shuren, Jeff (b)(6)>, Lane, HenryC (NIH) ______ Cb _H_6JSubject: RE: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaSteve:Thanks for the quick reply. The data from the Stanford group ------- (b) (5)Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MODirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infect ious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-O331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: Cb()6 )FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : Hahn, Stephen (b)( >Sent: Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 10:31 AM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ___ ~_ C_)b~(6~)>~Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6)>; Redfie ld, Robert R. (CDC/OD)(b)(6)>; Kadlec, Robert (OS/ ASPR/1O) (b)(6)>; Caliguiri , Laura (FDA/OC)(b)( v>; Lenihan, Keagan (FDA/OC) (b)(6); Shuren, JeffL;(- :F::D:-A:--/C:-:::D::-R--:H:---):: -=:;===:::!:::...:..:.:...;.,, (b;);(.;6..); , ---------- Subject: Re: medRxiv: COVID-19 Ant ibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaTony,(b) (5)(b) (5)(b)(5l.SteveFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Date: April 18, 2020 at 10:03:32 AM EDTTo: Hahn, Stephen (b) (6)Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6)>, Redfield, Robert R (CDC)- ------ (b)(6) Ka d I e c, Robert P (OS) (b)(6)>Subject: FW: medRxiv : COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaSteve:Thanks,TonyFrom: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 5:44 PMSubject: medRxiv: COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California(b) (5)COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, CaliforniaEran Bendavid, Bianca Mulaney, Neeraj Sood, Soleil Shah, Emilia Ling, Rebecca Bromley-Dulfano, Cara Lai, Zoe Weissberg, Rodrigo Saavedra, James Tedrow, Dona Tversky, Andrew Bogan,Thomas Kupiec, Daniel Eichner, Ribhav Gupta, John Ioannidis, Jay Bhattacharyadoi: https://doi .org/10.1101/ 2020.04.1 4.20062463• Abstract• Info / History• Met rics• Preview PDFAbstractBackground Addressing COVID-19 is a pressing health and social concern . To date, many epidemicprojections and policies addressing COVID-19 have been designed without seroprevalence data toinform epidemic parameters. We measured the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in SantaClara County. Methods On 4/3 -4/4, 2020, we tested county residents for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 usinga lateral flow immunoassay. Participants were recruited using Facebook ads targeting a representativesample of the county by demographic and geographic characteristics. We report the prevalence ofantibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a sample of 3,330 people, adjusting for zip code, sex, and race/ethnicity .We also adjust for test performance characteristics using 3 different estimates : (i) the testmanufacturer's data, (ii) a sample of 37 positive and 30 negative controls tested at Stanford, and (iii) acombination of both. Results The unadjusted prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Santa ClaraCounty was 1.5% (exact binomial 95CI 1.11-1.97%), and the population -weighted prevalence was 2.81%(95CI 2.24-3.37%). Under the three scenarios for test performance characteristics, the populat ionprevalence of COVID-19 in Santa Clara ranged from 2.49% (95CI 1.80-3.17%) to 4.16% (2.58-5.70%).These prevalence estimates represent a range between 48,000 and 81,000 people infected in SantaClara County by early April, 50-85-fold more than the number of confirme d cases. Conclusions Thepopulation prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibod ies in Santa Clara County implies that the infection is muchmore widespread than indicated by the number of confirmed cases. Population prevalence estimatescan now be used to calibrate epidemic and mortality projections.From:Sent :To :Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Tue, 21 Apr 2020 03:05:43 +0000clane@niaid.nih.govFW: FYI - "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines"Go for it. Congratulations!!! QFrom: Hall, Bill (HHS/ASPA) (bH >Sent : Monday, April 20, 2020 10:07 PMTo : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ------= (b") "(=6') >Cc: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6J>; Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [E]-------- (b)(6); Burklow, John (NIH/OD) [E) (b)(6) Subject: Re: FYI - "Coronavirus Disease 2019 {COVID-19) Treatmen t Guidelines"Hi Tony,---------------- (bX5)PCP.. I've told John B/Renate/Courtney that everything can post first thing tomorrow morning.Best regards,BillFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] _____ (b)_C_6J>Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 11:53 Afvl --------r::-:-:= To: Miller, Katie R. (ovp.eop.gov) ---------- (b)(6); Short, Marc T. EOP/OVP (b) ( > ----------=-:-~ Cc: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6)>; Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)(b)( 6)j>; Billet, Court,n_-ey- (':N"''..I""H"."/.'.:N""'..I""A'..""l~'D".:)-[::E--']: "=':==~-- ("b");',(6=) ; Hall, Bill (HHS/ASPA) ====~ ~ ---- == (b)(6) J>; O'Malley, Devin M. EOP/OVP (b)(6); (b)(6) ~===~~ ===== (b=)(=6)~1J>;;. L=ane, Cliff {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( ; Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [E](b)( 6)jSubject: FYI - "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines"Katie/Marc:Just as an FYI - "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) TreatmentGuidelines" that were developed here at NIH, and a copy of which I provided toDeb Birx and ult imate ly to Mark Meadows is moving forward . Mark Meadows(b)(5)(b) (5)----------------------------- (bH 5> Press release w i I1 come from NIH w ith clearance through the appropriate channels (seeattachmen t as an FYI). I anticipate that this will happen in th e next day or two .Thanks.TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MODirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail -------- (b)(6) The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mo n, 20 Apr 2020 23:05:49 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: RE: ask to highlight the incredib le work of key federa l workersCorr ect again.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From : Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Sent : Monday, Apri l 20, 2020 5:04 PM ------ == To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El CbH >; Billet, Court ney (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6)>; NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@ni aid.nih .gov> _______ _,,Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6)Subject: RE: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal worke rs(b) (5)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH >Sent : Monday , April 20, 2020 4:52 PM ------- --== To: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6) Billet , Court ney (NIH/NIAID) [E]-------- (b)(6) ; NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih .gov> Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6); Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6)Subject: RE: ask to highlight th e incred ible work of key federal worke rsI agree.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)3FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Folkers, Greg {NIH/NIAID) [E] <gfolkers@niaid.nih.gov>Sent : Monday, April 20, 2020 4:52 PMTo: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] <billetc@niaid .nih.gov>; NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E] <kathy.stover@nih .gov>; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E]<jennifer .routh@nih.gov>Subject : RE: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal worke rs(b) (5)From : Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Sent : Monday, April 20, 2020 4:40 PMTo: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E] (bH >; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>Subject : FW: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal workers(b) (5)Any suggestions?From : Boyse, Natalie (OS/ASPA) (b)(6)>Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 4:28 P-M- ---- ::;..,..-,= To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (bH >; Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [E]______ (b_)C_6>); Burklow, John (NIH/OD) [E] (b)( >Cc: Bird, Catherine (OS/OGC) (b)(6); Brennan, Patrick (OS/ ASPA)(b)(6)>Subject : FW: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal workersHi John, Renate and Courtney -(b) (5)Let me know if you have any questions re: this request. I am avai lable and happy to chat this afternoon.Thanks,NatalieNatalie BoyseSpecial Assistant, Immediate Office of the SecretaryU.S. Department of Health & Human ServicesM, ____ _From: Baldw in, Brittany L. EDP/WHO (b)(6)>Sent: Monday , April 20, 2020 3:00 PM --------~~ To: Boyse, Natalie (OS/ASPA) (b)(6)Subject: ask to highlight the incredible work of key federal workersHi Natalie - reat talking ·ust now . (b)(S)~(b) (5)Please do not hesitate to reach out with questions!Brittany L. BaldwinSpecial Assistant to the PresidentSpeechwriter0 : (b)(6)C:- ----(b)(6)(b) (5)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 12:01:43 +0000To: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E);Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E)Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);McManus, Ayanna (NIH/OD) [E];Wood,Gretch en (NIH/OD) [E];Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [E];Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAI D) [C]Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayI agree. Let us do it another time.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)( 6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] -------- (b)( >Sent: Monday, April 20, 2020 4:59 AM ------~:-:-= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- CbH >; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b )( 6)Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) IE] CbH ; McManus, Ayan na (NIH/OD) IE]CHb 6)>; Wood, Gretchen (NIH/OD) IE] CbH6)T; abak,Lawrence (NIH/OD) IE] CbH >; Barasch, Kimber ly (NIH/NIAID) [C](b)(6)Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayWith apologies , I jus t real ized that the ACTIV Vaccines working group (wh ich involves John in asign ificant way, and will be joined today by Tai Zaks from Modern a) meets this morning from 9-10 am. Probably we need to pick another ti me for this pow -wow about the CVP?FrancisFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6J>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 9:41 PM ------=-cc-:-= To: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6) 1 ; Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E](b)(6)Cc:C onrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6J>M; cManus, Ayanna (NIH/OD) [E]CbH61>J; Wood, Gretchen (NIH/OD) [E] CbH6JT; abak,Lawrence (NIH/OD) [E] CbH6JB; arasch, Kimber ly (NIH/NIAID) [C](b) (6) >Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayPatty:Please see if we can incorporate this call into our regular ly scheduled 9:00 AM call thatactually includes some of the same cast of people.Thanks,TonyFrom: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 9:38 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] < CbH6J>M; ascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E](b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6J>M; cManus, Ayanna (NIH/OD) [E]---~--"':"""""""':""C.b~H=61>J;= W-o.o:.d.,. .G_..r_e-t_ ch;_en (NIH/OD) [E] CbH6J>T; abak, ~Lawrence (NIH/OD) [E] (b)( v>Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayIllCan we have a phone call about this tomorrow at 9:15 am? Anyone else to include (Emily?Cliff?)FrancisFrom: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 9:30 PMTo: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [El ______ --,C;-'Hb""=6J>; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El(b)(6)Cc: Conrad, Patric ia {NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------- (b)(6) Subject : RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayFrancis:Best,TonyFrom: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] ______ C_>b_C6)Sent : Sunday, Apri l 19, 2020 4:24 PM(b) (5)------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- CbH >; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Conrad, Pat ric ia {NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- CbH >Subject : FW: Pursuant to My Email on Friday<< File: Cov Vaccine Program HHS (draft) 19April20.pptx »Tony, Francis,(b)(5)Happy to discuss.John(b)(6)From: Kadlec, Robert (OS/ASPR/10) (b)(6) --------- Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 8:59 PMTo: Hassell, David (Chris) (OS/ASPR/10) (b)(6),>; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El =======--=:-;;--' CbH6J; Mascola, John INIH/VRC) [ElCbH6J>; Bright , Rick (OS/ASPR/BARDA) CbH6J ; Fauci,Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6)>; Disbrow, Gary (OS/ASPR/BARDA)(b)(6); Patrick, Vanessa (OS/ASPR/BARDA) (CTR) -=-=-=--=-=-=--=~(b~)(6 )1>; Moughalian, Jen (HHS/ASFR)- --------=:-C:bH-6=)>; Red fie Id, Robert R. (CDC/OD) CbH6J>; Messonnier, Nancy (CDC/DDID/NCIRD/OD)CbH6)>; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) IE] CbH6); Marks, Peter (FDA/CSER)--------- CbH6)>Y; eskey, Kevin (OS/ASPR/10) (b)(6) Cc: Harrison, Brian (HHS/10S) CbH6J>; Dareshori, Zack (HHS/10S)CbH6)>C; onrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b)(6) Stecker, Judy (OS/10S) CbH6)>; Shuy, Bryan (OS/ASPR/10)--------- CbH6J;W olinetz, Carrie (NIH/OD) [E] ---------- (b)(6) Subject: Pursuant to My Email on FridayI want to share with you the product of the BCG team who drafted the attached briefing andDecision Memo drafted for the Secretary's review tomorrow. I want to thank all those whocontributed over this holiday weekend to offer their ideas and concepts that is represented inthese products. This represents just a first step of many steps that first outlines a concept thatwill then be operationalized into a histor ic effort for not only the Department and agencies w howill contribute to it, but to our Nation. Again, thank you for your contributions andcommitment. Best Bob(b)(5)<< File: Vaccine strategy-200411-v 13.pptx >> << File: Secretary Determination MemorandumProjectWarp Speed-041120 1825 draft.doc>>From:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 20 Apr 2020 01:34:55 +0000Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E)Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayOK. Let us discuss tomorrow.From : Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] --------- (b)( > Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 6:11 PM -------:a= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) <".:::::======6-:--:=Cc: Conrad, Patricia {NIH/NIAID) [E]Subject: FW: Pursuant to My Email on FridayTony,One key point that may be easier to review with 5 min call, whenever you get the chance.JohnFrom: Mascola, John (NI H/VRC) [E]Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 5:13 PM -------::-:--:-= To: Collins, Francis {NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6) ,Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/N IAID)""[:~E' ]~=====---=- (b")'("=6"); Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayFrancis,(b) (5)(b) (5)If still not so clear, feel free to call.John(b)(6)From: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] -------- (b)(6)Sent : Sunday, April 19, 2020 5 :04 PM -------~ = To: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] (b)( > ":'"":.:::=======..,.._Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (bH6J>; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b )( 6) >Subject: RE: Pursuant to My Email on FridayHi John,Thanks for your thoughtful note. (b) (5)(b) (5)FrancisFrom: Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [E] < -------- (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 4:24 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------------- ~(bH= > ; Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b)(6)>Subject: FW: Pursuant to My Email on Friday<< File: Cov Vaccine Program HHS (draft) 19April20.pptx »Tony, Francis,(b) (5)Happy to discuss.John(b)(6)From: Kadlec, Robert (OS/ ASPR/IO) (b)(6) ---------- Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 8:59 PMTo: Hassell, David (Chris) (OS/ASPR/IO) CbH6)>C; ollins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El___ _;_ _ ___; _;_.:._.:.__.:._.:..:::::=====: C~>b:<;;~6>)";" "M'"a'..scola, John (N IHNRC) [ElCbH6b ; Bright , Rick (OS/ASPR/BARDA) CbH6; )Fauci,Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>; Disbrow, Gary (OS/ASPR/BARDA)CbH6J>P; atrick, Vanessa (OS/ASPR/BARDA) (CTR) =========~~ --------~~ ---------- (b)(6)1>; Moughalian, Jen (HHS/ASFR) CbH6)>; Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/ODJ CbH6>;>M; essonnie r, Nancy (CDC/DDID/NCIRD/OD)CbH6)>; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) IE] CbH6); Marks, Peter (FDA/CSER)---------- CbH6)Y; eskey, Kevin (OS/ASPR/IO) CbH6J> Cc: Harrison, Brian (HHS/IOS) CbH6)>; Dareshori, Zack (HHS/IOS)CbH6)>; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6J>;Stecker, Judy (05/105) CbH6)>S; huy, Bryan (OS/ASPR/IO)-------- CbH6)>;W olinetz, Carrie {NIH/OD) [E] ---------- (b)(6)Subject: Pursuant to My Email on FridayI want to share with you the product of the BCG team who drafted the attached briefing andDecision Memo drafted for the Secretary's review tomorrow . I want to thank all those whocontributed over this holiday weekend to offer their ideas and concepts that is represente d inthese products. This represents just a first step of many steps that first out lines a concept thatwill then be operationalized into a histor ic effort for not only the Department and agencies whowill contribute to it, but to our Nation. Again, thank you for your contributions andcommitment. Best Bob<< File: Vaccine strategy-200411-v 13.pptx >> << File: Secretary Determination MemorandumProjectWarp Speed-041120 1825 draft .doc»From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Wed, 22 Apr 2020 14:55:57 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C]FW: Coronavirus Quest ions for th e Office of the Surgeon GeneralPlease make sure th at I call thi s person t omorrow ------------- (b)(Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: (b)(6) MEDCOM (USA) ---------- (b)(6)Se nt: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 9:58 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: RE: Coronavirus Questions for th e Office of the Surgeon Gener alDr. Fauci,Thank you for responding to my request for information. Please be safe.(b)(6)(b) (6) My cell phone number is(b)(6)-. ----------------------r/(b)(6)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] _______ CbH_6)Sent: Tuesday, April 21, 2020 12:49 PMTo: (b)(6) MEDC_O_M__(:U__S_A.): .=!=~~---- CbH_6)Cc: Lerner , Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------(b)(6) Subject: [Non-DoD Source] FW: Coronavirus Questions for the Office of the Surgeon GeneralAll active links contained in this email were disabled. Please verify the identity of the sender,and confirm the authenticity of all links contained within the message prior to copying andpasting the address to a Web browser.(b)(6)Thank you for your note . Shown below are my answers to your questions.hope that you find them helpful.1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?This is indeed an unprecedented and stressful time. Stress can often come from the unknown.In times of stress it is critical to take care of one's physical health, by eating well, getting enoughsleep, and exercising. In addition , maintaining connections with fami ly and friends (via phonecalls, email, or video chatting) while physically socially distancing is very important .2. Can COVID-19 be contracted from a corpse?Infect ion control measures should be undertaken when dealing with deceased individuals withknown or suspected COVID-19. The CDC provides guidance on this issue here:Caut ionhttps://www.cdc.gov /coronavirus /2019-ncov/hcp/guidancc-postmort emspecimens.html < Caution-https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov /hep/guidancepostmortem-speci mens.html>3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to contractingCOVID-19?Clinical trials are underway to determine if hydroxychloroquine is effective in preventing COVID-19 in exposed persons. Until we know the answer to this question , persons who takehydroxychloroqu ine on a daily basis for another medical condition should consider themselvesvulnerable to COVID-19 and take appropriate and recommended measures to protectthemselves.4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective, if so, why are so many medical professiona ls contractingthe virus?I believe that infection control strategies which include proper use of personal protectiveequipment (PPE) as recommended by the CDC are effective. _Caution-https: //www.cdc.gov /coronavirus/2019-ncov /hcp/ infection-controlrecommendations.html?CDC _AA _refVal =https%3A %2F%2FCautionwww.cdc.gov%2F coronavirus%2 F20 l 9-ncov%2f infect ion-control%2F contro lrccommcndations.html < Ca ution-https :/ /www.cdc.gov/coronavi rus/2019-ncov /hcp/i nf ectioncontrol-recommen dations. html?CDC_AA_reNal= https%3A %2 F%2 FCautionwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Finfection-control%2Fcontrolrecommendations.html >In cases where inadequate PPE is worn , or if is not put on/ taken off according to properprocedure, the risk of contract ing COVID is increased. In addition, healthcare workers on thefront lines can be exposed if they encounter a patient who is not initially suspected of havingCOVID-19 without PPE, especially if they are exposed to aerosol generating processes.5. What is the most important th ing we should be doing, other than social distanc ing?Social distancing is key in order to avoid coming into contact with someone with COVID-19, butwashing one's hands often (or using an alchohol-based hand sanitizer) and avoiding touchingone's face with unwashed hands are cr itical as well, especially when coming into contact withsurfaces that may have been touched by others or public places.6. Finally, what keeps you up at night, regard ing COVID-19?I have said in the past that what keeps me up at night is the possibility of a pandemic respiratoryinfection. We are in that reality now, and what keeps me up at night is the response, a majorpart of which is the development of an effective vaccine and treatments for COVID-19.Best rega rds ,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)( 6)FAX: 301 496-4409E (b)( 6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devi ces. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender' s own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives._Fro_m_:.!::::======~ (b=)(~6) MEDCOM (USA)_ __________ C_b>_< _ _(b) (6) > >Se nt: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 9:13 AM -------------------- ~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) > >Subject: Coronavir us Questions for the Off ice of the Surgeon GeneralDr. Fauci, ----, ~= I am (b)( , the antiterror ism and insider threat office r for the Office of the Surgeon General(Army)/ U.S. Army Medical Command. I have been in government for nearly thirty-four years, and thisis new to me. I see and hear the concerns of many people. You are the voice of reason for mi llions ofconcerned citizens . I have a few questions for you:1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?2. Can C0VID-19 be contracted from a corpse?3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to cont ractingC0VID-19?4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective, if so, why are so many medical professionals contractingthe virus?5. What is the most important th ing we should be doing, other than social distancing?Finally, what keeps you up at night, regarding C0VID-19?Thank you for your time and please be safe.r/------ Cb)( 6) Antiterror ism and Insider Threat Officer Office of the Surgeon General and U.S. Army Medica l CommandMission Assurance and Protection DivisionFort Sam Houston, TX 78234Cell phone: (b)(6)~NIPRNet:~SIPR Net:(b)((b)(6)-------------------------------- Leve I I Antiterror ism Awareness Training:Caution-http://jko .jten .mil/courses/at! 1 /launc h. html < Cautionhttp://jko.jten .mil/courses/atl 1 /launch. html >Organizational Mailbox:mailtoTo submit contracts for AT/OPSEC review:Caut ionCb) (6) < Caution(b) (6) >Cb)~ Caution-(b) (6).,..>_ _ _."Not on My Watch"CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: This electronic transmiss ion, including all attachments,is directed in confidence solely to the person(s) to whom it is addressed, oran authorized recip ient , and may not otherwise be distributed, copiedor disclosed . The contents of the transmission may also be subject tointellectua l property rights and all such rights are expressly claimedand are not waived. If you received this transmission in error,please notify the sender immediate ly by returning the electronictransmission and then immediately delete this transm ission,includ ing all attachments, without copying, distribut ing or disclosing same ."PRIVACY ACT INFORMATION "In compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, this informat ion is Personal Data and must beprotected from public disclosure.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Tue, 21 Apr 2020 17:48:36 +0000(b)(6)1Sent :To:Cc: Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: FW: Coronavirus Questions for the Office of the Surgeon General(b)(6)Thank you for your note. Shown below are my answers to your questions .hope that you find them helpful.1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?This is indeed an unprecedented and stressful time. Stress can often come from the unknown.In times of stress it is critical to take care of one's physical health, by eating well, getting enoughsleep, and exercising. In addition, maintaining connections with family and friends (via phonecalls, email, or video chatting) while physically socially distancing is very important.2. Can COVID-19 be contracted from a corpse?Infection control measures should be undertaken when dealing with deceased individuals withknown or suspected COVID-19. The CDC provides guidance on this issue here:https :/ /www.cdc.gov / corona virus/2 0 l 9-ncov /hep/guidance-postmortem-specimens.html3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to contractingCOVID-19?Clinical trials are underway to determine if hydroxychloroquine is effective in preventing COVID-19 in exposed persons. Until we know the answer to this question, persons who takehydroxychloroqu ine on a daily basis for another medical condition should consider themselvesvulnerable to COVID-19 and take appropriate and recommended measures to protectthemselves.4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective, if so, why are so many medical professiona ls contractingthe virus?I believe that infection control strategies which include proper use of personal protectiveequipment (PPE) as recommended by the CDC are effective._https://www.cdc.gov /coronavirus /2019-ncov /hcp/infection-controlrecornmendations.h1rn l?CDC AA reNal=https% 3A %2F%2Fwww .cdc .gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F20 l 9-ncov%2F infcction-control%2Fcontrol-recommcndations.h tmlIn cases where inadequate PPE is worn, or if is not put on/taken off according to properprocedure, the risk of contract ing COVID is increased. In addition, healthcare workers on thefront lines can be exposed if they encounter a patient who is not initially suspected of havingCOVID-19 without PPE, especially if they are exposed to aerosol generating processes.5. What is the most important thing we should be doing, other than social distancing?Social distancing is key in order to avoid coming into contact with someone with COVID-19, butwashing one's hands often (or using an alchohol-based hand sanitizer) and avoiding touchingone's face with unwashed hands are critical as well, especially when coming into contact withsurfaces that may have been touched by others or public places.6. Finally, what keeps you up at night; regarding COVID-·19?I have said in the past that what keeps me up at night is the possibility of a pandemic respiratoryinfection . We are in that reality now, and what keeps me up at night is the response, a majorpart of which is the development of an effective vaccine and treatments for COVID-19.Best regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveInformation. It should not be used bV anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : (b)(6) MEDCOM (USA)- ---------- (b)(6) Se nt: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 9:13 AM ------~ ~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: Coronavir us Questions for the Office of the Surgeon GeneralDr. Fauci, --- -=-=-:= I am (b)(6) the antiterror ism and insider threat officer for the Office of the Surgeon General(Army)/ U.S. Army Medical Command. I have been in government for nearly thirty-four years, and thisis new to me. I see and hear the concerns of many people . You are the voice of reason for millions ofconcerned citizens. I have a few quest ions for you:1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?2. Can COVID-19 be contracted from a corpse?3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to contracti ngCOVID-19?4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective , if so, why are so many medical professiona ls contractingthe virus?5. What is the most important th ing we should be doing, other than social distanc ing?Finally, what keeps you up at night, regarding COVID-19?Thank you for your time and please be safe.r/____(b)(6._).,. .A ntiterrorism and Insider Threat OfficerOffice of the Surgeon General and U.S. Army Medica l CommandMission Assurance and Protection DivisionFort Sam Houston, TX 78234Cell phone: (b)(6)zs 'N:-:'I-.P::-:R:::::N---::e--::t--: ;:=======--- .C."b>.' "C "6l(b)(s SIPRNet: ------------- Level I Antiterrorism Awareness Training:http ://jko. jten.mil/courses/atl1 /launch.htm lOrganizational Mailbox:(b)(6)To submit contracts for AT/OPSEC review:(b)(6)"Not on My Watch"CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: This electronic transmiss ion, includi ng all attachments,is directed in confidence solely to the person(s) to whom it is addressed, oran authorized recipient, and may not otherwise be distributed, copiedor disclosed. The contents of the transmission may also be subject tointellectua l property rights and all such rights are expressly claimedand are not waived. If you received this transmission in error,please notify the sender immediately by returning the electronictransmission and then immediately delete this transm ission,including all attachments, without copying, distributing or disclosing same ."PRIVACY ACT INFORMATION "In compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, this information is Personal Data and must beprotected from public disclosure.From:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSat, 18 Apr 2020 20:35 :32 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/N IAID) [ElConrad, Patricia (NIH/NIA ID) [E);Greg Folkers --------- (b)( 6) Subject: F W: Coronavirus Questions for th e Office of the Surgeon GeneralPlease fashion some responses to his quest ions for me to send back to himThanks .Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation . It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recip ient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : (b)(6)USARMY MEDCOM (USA)- ---------(b)(6)> Sent : Tuesday, April 14, 2020 9:13 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Subject: Coronavir us Questions for the Office of the Surgeon GeneralDr. Fau-ci,- - :::-c-r,= I am (b)(6) the antiterrorism and insider threat officer for the Office of the Surgeon General(Army)/ U.S. Army Medical Command. I have been in government for nearly thirty -four years, and th isis new to me. I see and hear the concerns of many people. You are the voice of reason for mi llions ofconcerned citizens. I have a few quest ions for you:1. How do you recommend I reassure our staff on dealing with the stressors of COVID-19?2. Can COVID-19 be contracted from a corpse?3. If someone has been a user of Hydroxychloroquine for years, are they susceptible to cont racti ngCOVID-19?4. Are masks and gloves tru ly effective , if so, why are so many medical professiona ls contractingthe virus?5. What is the most important th ing we should be doing, other than social distancing?Finally, what keeps you up at night, regard ing COVID-19?Thank you for your time and please be safe.r/------ CbH 6) , Antite rrorism and Insider Threat Officer Office of the Surgeon General and U.S. Army Medica l CommandMission Assurance and Protection DivisionFort Sam Houston , TX 78234Cell phone: (b)(6)z (b)(6)s 'N:-:I'7P::'R:-::N-::-e:--t:-:: =======~--- (-b~-,(,6_),IS::SI IPRNet: ------------ Leve I I Antite rrorism Awareness Training:http://jko.jten .mil/courses/at! 1 /launch .htmlOrganizational Mailbox:(b)( 6)To submit contracts for AT/OPSEC review: (b)(6)"Not on My Watch"CONFIDENT IALITY NOTE : This electronic transmiss ion, including all attachments,is directed in confidence solely to the person(s) to whom it is addressed, oran authorized recipient, and may not otherwise be dist ributed, copiedor disclosed . The contents of the transmiss ion may also be subject tointellect ual property rights and all such rights are expressly claimedand are not waived . If you received this transmission in error,please notify the sender immediately by returning the electron ictransm ission and then immediately delete this transmission,includ ing all attachments , without copying, distribut ing or disclosing same ."PRIVACY ACT INFORMATION"In compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, th is information is Personal Data and must beprotected from public disclosure .From:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [E]Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:51:12 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [E]Subje ct: FW: COVID-19 - Potential TreatmentPlease take a look and handle.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: Cb()6 )FAX: (301)496-4409E-mail: (b)(The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may containsensitive information. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intendedrecipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete itfrom your mailbox or any other storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy andInfectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for any statements made that are thesender's own and not expressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Benoit Ponton <bponton@cpa -qc.ca>Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 8:57 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Cont act Cb()6 )Subject: COVID-19 - Poten tia l TreatmentCOVID-19 - Potentia l TreatmentApril 17, 2020Nation al Institu te of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,Nationa l Inst itu tes of Health31 Center Drive MSC 2520Building 31, Room 7A03Bethesda, MD 20892-2520C/0 Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.Hello Dr. Fauci,In the current state of medical knowledge and research in the pharmaceutical industry, there isno short- or medium-term solution to prevent disease or cure patients with SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19).With this letter, I would like to make you aware of the preventive and curative potential ofessential oils (EOs); lives could be saved.Scient ific aromather apy: use of aromatic compounds extracted from plants - essential oils - formedical purposes; 'hard' science of nature, based among other things, on in-depth knowledge oforganic chemistry. We are not talking about perfumery or occult sciences.According to Mr . Dominique BAUDOUX, an internationally known Belgian pharmacist and"a romatologist": there is a multitude of research on the antiviral properties of essential oils.The results are impressive and indisputable . Here are some viruses for which we have realdata:■ Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus SARS-Cov (it is a coronavirus)■ The H1Nl flu virus■ Avian influenza virus type H5Nl and subtypes H7N3 and H9N2■ The anti-infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)■ Herpes simplex virus HSV■ Dengue virus DEN■ Newcastle disease virus NOV■ Jun in virus (an arena virus responsible for hemorrhagic fever)Source: https://www.pranarom.com/blog/guide-des-huiles-essentielles/les-huiles-essentiellesefficaces-contre-lecoronavirus-vrai-ou-faux : See references 1 to 28 below .To add meat to the bone, if you visit the Nation al Cent er for Biotechnology Information (U.S.) :■ You will find nearly 225 000 references on "essential oil."See: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/all/?term=essential%20oil■ You will find approximately 22 000 references on "essential oil+ viral."See: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/all/?term=essential%20oil%20+%20viralIn addition, according to a brief email exchange with Mr. Pierre FRANCHOMME, a Frenchresearcher, one of the leading experts in the field of medicinal essential oils, he informed methat : a recent Indian study (March 31) highlights the potential activity of 1,8 cineo/e(euca/yptol) on SARS-Cov-2, as I suspected from my experience on other enveloped viruses.Note: the molecule 1,8 cineole is found in high concentration in eucalyptus EOs.■ Sharma, A.D.; Kaur, I. Eucalyptol {1,8 cineole ) from Eucalyptus Essential Oil a PotentialInhibitor of COVID 19 Corona Virus Infection by Mol ecular Docking Studies .Preprints 2020, 2020030455 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202003.0455.vl).Source : https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202003.0455/vlAnother study (2008) provided by Mr. Franchomme, shows a high antiviral activity of baylaurel/leaf essential oil (Lourus nobilis) on SARS-Cov, which appeared in November 2002 inGuangdong province, China and which prevailed until 2004.• Loizzo, M. R., Saab, A. M., Tundis, R., Statti , G. A., Menichini , F., Lampront i, I., ... Doerr ,H. W. (2008) . Phytochemical Analysis and in vitro Antiviral Activities of the EssentialOils of Seven Lebanon Species. Chemistry & Biodivers ity, 5(3), 461-470 . doi:10.1002/cbdv.20089 0045Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cbdv.200890045Since SARS-Cov and SARS-Cov-2 {COVID-19) are close relatives, it is quite possible that Laurusnobilis essential oil will be as effective on SARS-Cov-2.Here are two other studies that should be of interest to researc hers, according to Mr.FRANCHOMME:• See reference 20 below Efficacy of cineole in patients suffering from acute bronchitis: aplacebo-controlled double-blind trial. Cough 9, 25 (2013) .Source: https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-9-25Conclusions of this study : The effects of Cineole in the treatment of acute bronchitis wereclearly measurable and could be proven after a treatment period of merely 4 days. This studycorroborates the fact that cineole actively and significantly reduces cough frequency after fourdays. Therefore it has been shown to have a great socioeconomic impact.• See also refere nce 22 below.Also, according to Mr. FRANCHOMME, a clinical study on the treatment of essential oils inpatients with COVID-19 has just been undertaken in a hospital setting (100 patients), doubleblind against placebo . I w ill know the results at the same time as everyo ne else and will informyou.Here is a summary of Mr. FRANCHOMME's analysis:The scientific commun ity is launc necl in searcno f a miradeclru g in t he basket of molecu esalready known for ot her indicat io ns. Our design is to t rust the plant world, a great provider ofremarkable molecules.CONCLUSIONWe need to think outside the box of allopath ic medicine and synthetic drugs that offer nosolution and put pre ssure on our leaders to release funds for clinical research on the treatmentof patients suffe ring from COVID-19 using essential oils, as advocated by Mr . Franchomme .(b) (4)To this end, M. FRANCHOMME confirmed to me this : / am at the disposal of your authoritiesto provide and explain a protocol based on essential oils.His email address is : (b)(6)In terms of a double-blind placebo clinical study, there is, as of today, a huge cohort ofhospitalized patients, a significant portion of whom I suspect would be enthusiast ic aboutvoluntary enrolment.For patients in critical care with a life-threatening prognosis, it is undoubtedly possible, giventhe circumstances , to bypass the usual research protocols and offer a last-resort treatment tothese patients in an attempt to save their lives, with thei r permission or that of their legalrepresentatives in case of temporary or permanent incapacity .Even if it doesn't work, I don't think patients or their loved ones will blame your governmentfor trying everything , but if you don't, I wouldn't like to be in your shoes!Cordially,Benoit PontonBP/bpCC: M. Pierre FRANCHOMME2150, rue Marianne-BabyChambly, QC, Canada J3L OA3Off ice (450) 447-4872Cell phone (b) (6)Email bponton@cpa-qc.caSCIENTIFICP UBLICATIONSSource : https ://www . pra na rom.com/blog/guide-des-h u iles-essentielles/ les-hui les-essentiellesefficaces-contre-1 ecoronavi rus-vrai-ou-fa ux1. Garozzo, A., Timpanaro, R., Bisignano, B., Furneri, P. M., Bisignano, G., & Castro, A.(2009). In vitro antiviral activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil. Letters inapplied microbiology, 49(6), 806-808.https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.027 40.x2. Reichling, J., Schnitzler, P., Suschke, U., & Saller, R. (2009). Essential oils of aromaticplants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties-an overview .Complementary Medicine Research, 16(2), 79-90.https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/2071963. Schnit zler, P., Schon, K. and Reichling, J. (2001) Antiviral activity of Australian tea treeoil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture . Pharmazie 56, 343-347. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/113386784. Mohammad, A., & Mehmood, D.ln Vivo Anti-Viral Effect of Melaleuca alternifolia (TeaTree Oil) and Olea europ aea (Olive Leaf Extract) on Vero Cell Adapted Avian InfluenzaVirus. Human Journals . Research Article December 2018 Vol.:14, lssue:1 Citation :Mohammad Danish Mehmoo d et al. ljppr.Human , 2018; Vol. 14 (1): 7-19.https://www.researchgate .net/publication/331149520 In Vivo Anti-Viral Effect of Melaleuca alternifolia Tea Tree Oil and Olea europaea Olive LeafExtract on Vero Cell Adapted Avian Influenza Virus5. Usachev, E. V., Pyankov, 0. V., Usacheva, 0. V., & Agranovski, I. E. (2013).Antiviral activity of tea tr ee and eucalyptus oil aerosol and vapour . Journal of aerosolscience, 59, 22-30.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00218502130000866. Ankita, S., Chandra, S.S., & Arti, T. (2013). Phytochemical study and antimicrob ialactivities of cinnamomum camphora . World Journal of Pharmaceutic al researchVolume 3, Issue 2, 2287-2294.https://www.google .com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwildfj5OHoAhUEZN8KHZDjBdMQFjABegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwjpr .net%2Fdownload%2Farticle%2F1400323946 .pdf&usg=AOvVaw0WLdK22ogsjVQCt6bgmXeb7. Astani, A., & Schnit zler, P. (2014). Antiviral activity of monot erpenes beta-pinene andlimonene against herpes simplex virus in vitro. Iranian journal of microbio logy, 6(3),149.https://www.ncbi.nlm .nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393490/8. Astani, A., Reichling, J., & Schnitzler, P. (2010). Comparative study on the antiviralactivity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Phytotherapy Research:An Internationa l Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxico logical Evaluation ofNatural Product Derivatives, 24(5), 673-679.https://onlinelibrary.wiley .com/doi/abs/10 .1002/ptr.29559. Bisignano, B. (2009). Attivit a antivirale e studio del meccanismo d'azione di estratti dimelaleuca alternifolia nei vonfronti del virus dell'influenza A. Area 06 - Scienzemediche.http://hdl. hand le .net/10761/176710. Blanchard, J. M. (2007). Cinnamomum camphora a cineole (ravintsara), une plante auservice de la prevention des infections nosocomiales en milieu hospitalier ?.Phytotherap ie, 5(1), 15-20.11. Carson, C.F., Ashton, L., Dry, L., Smith, D.W. and Riley, T.V. (2001) Melal euca alternifolia(tea tree) oil gel (6%} for the treatment of recurrent herpes labial is. J Ant imicrobChemother 48, 450- 451. https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/48/3/450/73609112. Carson, C.F., Smith, D.W., Lampacher, G.J. and Riley, T.V. (2008) Use of deception toachieve double-blinding in a clinical trial of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil for thetreatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Contemp Clin Trials 29, 9-12.https ://www .contem pora rycli nica Itri als. com/ a rt icle/S1551- 7144( 07 )00053-5/ful I text13. Galan, D. M., Ezeudu, N. E., ... , & Ma lcolm, B. J. (2020) . Eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole) : anunderutilized ally in respiratory disorders?. Journa l of Essential Oil Research, 1-8.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2020.1716867?journa1Code=tjeo2014. Garozzo, A., Timpanaro, R., Stivala, A., Bisignano, G., & Castro, A. (2011).Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil on Influenza virus A/PR/8: study on themechanism of action . Antiviral research, 89(1), 83-88.https:ljwww.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/50166354210008120?via%3Dihub15. Hamidpour, R., Hamidpour, S., Hamidpour, M., & Shahlari, M. (2014) .Chemistry, Pharmacology and Medicinal Property of Camphor (CinnamomumCamphora) Traditional Remedy with the History of Treating Several Diseases. GlobalJournal of Medical Research.https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xrGgDigAAAAJ&hl=en16. Jean Michel Blanchard (2007 ). Cinnamomum camphora CT cineole (ravintsara), a plantto help prevent nosocomial infections in the hospital environment. Inte rnationalJourna l of Clinical Aromatherapy Vol. 4 issue 117. Li, X., Duan, S., Chu, C., Xu, J., Zeng, G., Lam, A. K. Y., ... & Gu, H. (2013). Melaleucaalternifolia concentrate inhibits in vitro entry of influenza virus into host cells.Mo lecules, 18(8), 9550-9566. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/8/955018. Li, Y., Xu, Y. L., ... & Xu, P. P. (2017). Intranasal co-administration of 1, 8-cineole withinfluenza vaccine provide cross-protection against influenza virus infection .Phytomedicine, 34, 127-135.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/50944 711317301034 ?via%3Dihub19. Loizzo, M. R., Saab, A. M., Tundis, R., Statti, G. A., Menichini, F., Lampront i, I., ... & Doerr,H. W. (2008) . Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essentialoils of seven Lebanon species. Chemistry & biodiversity, 5(3), 461-470.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cbdv.20089004520. Mansard, M., Laurain-Mattar, D., & Couic-Marin ier, F. (2019). Huile essentielle deRavintsara. Actualites Pharma ceutiques, 58(585), 57-59.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0515370019300734?via%3Dihub21. Morales - Rico, C. L., ... & Gonzalez -Camejo, I. (2012).Composicion qu1mica del aceiteesencial de las partes aereas de Melaleuca quinquenervia. Revista CENIC. CienciasQufmicas , 43, 1-2.https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwig4qLa7uHoAhWhnuAKHSDZAasQFjABegQIAhAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistas.usach.cl%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fblacpma%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F2401%2F2210%2F& usg=AOvVa w3k2 U razeofgeg ftc 7wd K22. Janine Muller, Johannes F.W. Greiner, Marie Zeuner, Viktor ia Brotzmann, JohannaSchafermann, Frederique Wieters, Darius Widera, Holger Sudhoff, Barbara Kaltschmidt,Christian Kaltschmidt; Clin Sci (Lond) 1 August 2016; 130 (15): 1339- 1352. 1, 8-Cineolepotenti ates IRF3-mediated antiviral response in human stem cells and in an ex vivomodel of rhinosinusitis. Clinical Science (Lond) 1 August 2016; 130 (15): 1339-135 2.https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20160218 et https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/articleabstract/130/15/1339/71448/1-8-Cineole-potentiates-lRF3-mediatedantiviral?redirectedFrom=fulltext23. Riley, T. V. (2005). Antivir al Activity of Tea Tree Oil-In Vitro and In Vivo . TV Riley-2005- academia.edu https:ljwww .agrifutures.eom.au/product/antiviral -activity-of -tea-treeoil-in-vitro-and-in-vivo/24. Siddique, S., et al. (2018). Chemical characterization , antioxidant and antimicrobialactiviti es of essential oil from Melaleuca quinquenervia leaves. Indian Journa l ofExperimental Biology, 56, 686-693 .https:ljwww.researchgate.net/publ ication/327829462 Chemical characterization antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Melaleuca guinguenervialeaves25. Timpanaro, R., Garozzo, A., Bisignano, B., Stivala, A., Furneri, P. M., Tempera, G., &Cast ro, A. (2007). Inhibitory effect of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) on influenzaA/PR/8 virus replication . Internatio nal Journal of Ant imicrobial Agents, (29), S202-S203.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166354210008120?via%3Dihub26. Worth, H., .. & Dethlefsen, U. (2009). Concomitant therapy with Cineole (Eucalyptole)reduces exacerbations in COPD: a placebo-controlled doubleblind trial. Respiratoryresearch, 10(1), 69. https://respiratoryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-10-6927. Yang, Z., Wu, N., .. & Efferth, T. (2010). Anti-infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) activity of1, 8-cineole: Effect on nucleocapsid (N) protein . Journal of Biomolecu lar Structu re andDynamics, 28(3), 323-330.https://www.tandfonline .com/doi/abs/10.1080/07391102.2010 .1050736228. Zamora, A. C. P. (2015). The Antiviral Properties of Mela leuca alternifolia concentrate(MAC) against West Nile virus (Doctoral dissertation, Griffith University).https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fc36/83837c5d872444e51c452bdd3f6a644fa079.pdfOTHER SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONSSource : https://www.aude-maillard.fr/4-huiles-essentielles-contre -le-coronavirus/29. Brun, P., Bernabe, G., Filippini, R. et al. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of CommerciallyAvailable Tea Tree (Melaleuca a/ternifolia) Essential Oils. Curr Microbial 76, 108-116(2019). https ://doi.org/10.1007 /s00284-018-1594-x30. Shih-Yu Lee, Po-Yu Chen, Jung-Chun Lin, Nicholas S. Kirkby, Ching-Huei Ou and TsuChungChang Melaleuca alternifolia Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in MurineRAW264 .7 Cells through Activation of the Nrf2-ARE Pathway . The American Journal ofChinese Med icineVol. 45, No. 08, pp. 1631-1648 {2017)https://doi .org/10.1142/S0192415Xl 750087231. Akram Astani, Jurgen Reichling and Paul Schnitzler. Screening for antiviral activities ofisolated compounds from essential oils. Hindawi. Evidence-Based Complementary andAlternative Medicine/ 2011 https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep18732. Schnitzler P. Essential Oils for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection s.Chemotherapy 2019;64 :l-7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501062CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: The information contained in this transm ission {including any files attached to it) is legallyprivilegedand confidential and is intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. Any other use,dissemination,distribution, disclosure or copying of this message is strictly prohibited. If you have received this commun ication inerror, pleaseimmediately notify the sender so that we may ensure the intended recipient receives a copy of the origina ltransm ission. We thenask that you kindly destroy your copy and delete the ent ire message from your computer system.AVIS DE CONFIDENTIALITE: L'information contenue dans cette transm ission {et tout document ci-jo int) estconfidentie I le etprivilegiee et est a !'usage exclusif de la personne ou de l'entite a qui elle est adressee. Tout autre usage, distribut ion,divulgat ion,ou copie de cette communication est strictement prohibe. Si vous avez re~u cette transmission par erreur, veuilleznous en aviserimmediatement pour que nous puissions envoyer le message au destinataire. Aussi, nous vous demandons dedetruire toutes lescopies et le supprimer de votre systeme informatique.From:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks, Carlos.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:46:44 +0000Del Rio, CarlosRE: released.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"44 09E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Del Rio, Carlos (b)(6)>Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 11:16 AM To: 'Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC' ----------------------.(b,)(. ..; .F.a,u.c.i, =An thony (NIH/NIA ID) [E] (b )( 6)Cc: Rochelle Walensky MD, MPH ------------(b)(6)> Subject: released.Here is link to the paper ent itled "From Mit igation to Containment of the COVID-19 Pandemic- Puttingthe SARS-CoV-2 Genie Back in the Bott le" that Rochelle and I wrote for JAMA. Hope you fi nd it useful.Feel free to distribute . Thanks again for all you are doing!https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fulla rticle/2764956Sincerely,CarlosThis e-mail message (including any attachments ) is 'or the sole use ofthe intended rectpient(s) and may contain confidential and privilegedInformation. If the reader of this message 1s not the intendedrecipient, you are hereby notified !hat any dissemination distributionor copying of this message (including any attachments) is strictlyprohibited.If you have received this message in error, please contactthe sender by reply e-mail message and destroy all copies of theoriginal message (including attachments).From:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks, Rochelle!Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:40:55 +0000Walensky, Rochelle,M .D.,M .P.H.RE: released.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)( 6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformat ion. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : Walens ky, Rochelle,M.D.,M.P.H. (b)(6)>Se nt : Friday, April 17, 2020 11:54 AMTo: Carlos del Rio (b)(6)> ; 'Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC' ----------- (b)(6) ; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) CbH61>Subject: RE: released.Dear Ors. Birx and Fauci (Debbie and Tony, if I may),So grateful for all you are doing. Please let us know if there is any way we can help.My best from Boston,RochelleRochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPHChief, Division of Infectious DiseasesSteve and Deborah Gorlin MGH Research ScholarMassachusetts General HospitalDivision of Infect ious DiseaseProfessor, Harvard Medical School55 Fruit Street, GRJ 504J floorBoston, MA 02114-2696Phone: (b)(6)Fax: 617-726-7416Email: (b)(6) ----------- Pronouns: she/her/hersFrom: Del Rio, Carlos _________ C_b)_(6..). )Sent : Friday, April 17, 2020 11:16 AM ----------~= To: 'Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC'- ----------- (b)( >; 'Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)' (b) (6)>Cc:W alensky,R ochelle,M.D.,M.P.H._ _________ C_)b_C_ >Subject: released.External Email - Use CautionHere is link to the paper entitled "From Mitigation to Containment of the COVID-19 Pandemic- Puttingthe SARS-CoV-2 Genie Back in the Bottle" that Rochelle and I wrote for JAMA. Hope you find it useful.Feel free to distribute. Thanks again for all you are doing!https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2764956Sincerely,CarlosThis e-mail message (including any anachmems) is 'or the sole use ofthe intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privilegedinfonnation. If the reader of this message is not the intendedrecipient, you are hereby notified that any disseminat ion distributionor copying of this message (including any attachmerts) is strictlyprohibited.If you have received this message in error, please contactthe sender by reply e-mail message and destroy all copies of theoriginal message (including attachments)The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it isaddressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mailcontains patient information , please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine athttp://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in errorbut does not contain patient infonnation, please contact the sender and properlydispose of the e-mail.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sent: Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:34:53 +0000To: Jeffrey V. RavetchCc: Lusso, Paolo (NIH/NIAID) [E];Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) -----~~ [El (b)( 6) ;Cassetti, Cristina (NIH/NIAID) [El;Erbelding, Emi ly (NIH/N IAID) [ElSubject: FW: new manuscriptAttachments: Bournazos, et al.docx, Extended Figures .pdfJeff:Very interesting paper. Could have wide applicability in viral disease. I will passit on to our program people.Best,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The Nat ional Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Jeffrey V. Ravetch ----------- (b)(6)> Sent : Friday, Apri l 17, 2020 1:26 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6) --------- Subject: new manuscriptTony,I've attached a pre-pr int of the story I briefly told you about related to Fe optim ization of anti-v iralant ibod ies to induce CD8 protective responses.I'd be grate ful fo r your comments.And my sincere grat it ude for keeping science at the front of th is pandemic.Best regards,
From: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent: Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:30:56 +0000To: Lerner, Andrea {NIH/NIAID) [E]C[Ec_ :_ ____ (:b::)-,.:(.,6=.) Conrad, Patricia {NIH/NIAID) [E];Cassetti, Cristina {NIH/NIAID)Subject:Attachments:Andrea :FW: Concept Paper for NEJM on Novel Clinical Trial in COVID-19Composite EPO COVID-19.pdfPlease read this, get back to her apologizingCbc>s> IThis is a former post-doc in my lab.that I could not respond ----------------------- 0 b vi o us I y can have no part in it.Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MODirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892-2520Phone: Cb) (6)FAX: {301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender 's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAIO by one of its representatives.From: Ehrenreich, Hannelore (b)( >Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 1:46 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Concept Paper for NEJM on Novel Clin ical Trial in COVID-19Dear Tony,I am aware of the heavy load that is on your shoulders these days but I sincerely hope toget a brief answer to my E-mail.In light of the present therapeutic situation in COVID-19, any measure to improve courseand outcome of seriously affected individuals is of utmost importance. In the attached(b) (6), (b) (4)(b) (6), (b) (4)We all would be extremely grateful for your feedback and for your collaboration!In fact, I personally would be so proud to have you as senior coauthor as in formertimes! Please let me know what you think.We could also discuss over the phone if you let me know which time would beconvenient.All my best, Hannelore-----Ursprungliche Nachricht----Von: Ehrenreich, HanneloreGesendet: Samstag, 21. Marz 2020 13:24 ------~= An: 'Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]' (b)(6)>Betreff: THANK YOU from GermanyDear Tony, J I II ~n?w you are extremely busy these days ... now even more than befo Jil dOe to this ter:ribi~ ~ronacns1s! II" [JJust a brief note to let you know that I watched your excellent interviews and that I am extremely proudof you! For people here in our Max Planck Institute and the many biomedical institutions in Gottingenyou are the greatest hero indeed in a tough time ...I wish you all strength and endurance needed to lead the world out of this crisis (despite questionablepoliticians)!STAY HEALTHY!All my best, HanneloreProfessor Hannelore Ehrenreich, MD, DVMClinical NeuroscienceMax Planck Inst itute of Experimental MedicineHermann-Rein-Str.337075 Gott ingenGERMANYTel : (b)(Fax: 49-551-3899 670E-Mai l: --------- (b)(6) Prof. hon . Univer sity of Gott ingenFaculty of Biology & PsychologyFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sat, 18 Apr 2020 19:21 :39 +0000Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID ) [E)Cc:(NIH/N IAID) [ElSubject:Billet, Courtney (NIH/ NIAID) [El;Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El;Conrad , PatriciaRE: FOR ASF REVIEW: Draft MA re: NIAID COVID 19 Strategic Research PlanLooks fin e. Thanks.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: _ __,. ,_, (b)(6)The information inlh ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From : Stover, Kathy (NIH/N IAID) [El (b)( 6)r>Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 2:42 PM ------ ::;..,..-,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Cc: Billet, Courtney {NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>; Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El_______ CbH_ >; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6)>Subject: FOR ASF REVIEW: Draft MA re: NIAID COVID 19 Strateg ic Research PlanHi Dr. Fauci,Please find attached for your review a draft media availability about NIAi D's COVID-19 strateg ic researchplan. We've named you as t he spokesperson in the media avail.Best,KathyKathy StoverBranch ChiefNews and Science Writing BranchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)Office of Communications and Government RelationsNational Institutes of Health/HHS31 Center Drive, Room 7A17EBethesda, MD 20892Phone: (b)(6)E-mail: (b)(6)NIAID Media Line: (301) 402-1663From : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sent : Sat, 18 Apr 2020 18:30:03 +0000To: Hahn, Stephe n;Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC;Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD);Kadlec,Robert (OS/ASPR/10)- ------ (bH · Subject : FW: Boston Globe: Nearly a t hird of 200 blood samples taken in Chelsea showexposure to coronavirusSt eve:TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)( 6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail : (b) (6)(b)(5)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Inst itute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : Folkers, Greg (NIH/N IAID) [E] (b)(6)Sent : Saturday, Apr il 18, 2020 1:54 PMSubject : Boston Glob e: Nearly a th ird of 200 blood samples taken in Chelsea show exposu re tocoronavirusNearly a third of 200 blood samples taken inChelsea show exposure to coronavirusMass. General researcher says the results point to a 'ragingepidemic,' but may also indicate the city is further along thedisease curve than some other municipalitiesByJonathan Saltzman Globe Staff,Updated Apr il 17, 2020, 6:26 p.m.First responders loaded a patient into anambulance from a nursing home whe re multiple people have contracted COID-19 in Chelsea, which hasthe highest concentration of COVID-19 infections in the state.Scott Eisen/GettyNearly one third of 200 Chelsea residents who gave a drop of blood to researchers on the street thisweek tested positive for antibodies linked to COVID-19, a startling indication of how widespreadinfections have been in the densely populated city.Sixty-four residents who had a finger pricked in Bellingham Square on Tuesday and Wednesday hadantibod ies that the immune system makes to fight off the coronavirus, according to MassachusettsGeneral Hospital physicians who ran the pilot study .The 200 participants generally appeared healthy, but about half told the doctors they had had at leastone symptom of COVID-19 in t he past four weeks.Public health experts already knew Chelsea hadthe state's highest rate of con fir med COVID-19 casesand that the actual rate was probably higher . At least 39 residents have died from the virus, and 712 hadtested positive as of Tuesday, a rate of about 1,900 cases per 100,000 residents, or almost 2 percent .Get Talking Points in your inboxAn afternoon recap of the day's most important business news,delivered Monday through Friday.But the Mass. General researchers - who excluded anyone who had tested positive for the virus in thestandard nasal swab test - found that 32 percent of participants have had COVID-19, and many didn'tknow it ."I think it's both good news and bad news," said Dr. John Iafrate, vice chairman of MGH's pathologydepartment and the study's principal investigator. 11The bad news is that there's a raging epidem ic inChelsea, and many people walking on the street don't know that they're carrying the virus and that theymay be exposing uninfected individuals in their families .""On the good-news side, it suggests that Chelsea has made its way through a good part of theepidemic," he said. "They're probably further along than other towns."Scientists suspect that people who recover from COVID-19 may be at least temporarily immune fromcatching it again. Several biotechs and academic laboratories, in fact, are seeking blood donations frompeople who have recovered, in the hopes that their antibodies can help create a treatment or vaccine.Chelsea's city manager, Thomas Ambrosino, said he learned the results of the pilot study Thursday in aconference call with the researchers. He was dismayed, but not shocked.Related: Chelsea city manager sounds urgent alarm, calls for residents to stay home 24 hours a day"We've long thought that the reported numbers are vastly under-counting what the actual infection is,"said Ambrosino, who has called his city the epicenter of the crisis in Massachusetts. "Those reportednumbers are based on positive COVID-19 tests, and we're all aware that a very, very small percentage ofpeople in Chelsea and everywhere are getting COVID-19 tests.""Still," he added, "it's kind of sobering that 30 percent of a random group of 200 people that areshowing no symptoms are, in fact, infected. It's all the more reason for everyone to be practicingphysical distancing."Indeed, one of the doctors who tested volunteers in Bellingham Square said it's possible that some ofthe people who had the antibodies are still contagious."Just because you have the antibodies doesn't mean you've cleared the virus," said Dr. Vivek Naranbhai,a clinical fellow in hematology and oncology.Researchers said the test results, which had yet to be shared with state officials late Friday, couldn'tnecessarily be extrapolated for the city's roughly 40,000 residents. Still, the findings provided a valuablesnapshot of a community that medical experts say is especially vulnerable to COVID-19.Chelsea covers only about two square miles, across the Mystic River from Boston. For generations, it hasattracted new immigrants, and about 65 percent of its residents are Latino. Many live in three-deckerhouses, Ambrosino said, where it's hard for people to isolate themselves. Many work in the hospitalityindustry and health-related fields, where exposure to the virus is greater. And a lot of them must go towork during the pandemic.To get Chelsea residents to participate in the study - which included a questionnaire that was availablein English, Spanish, and Portuguese - investigators allowed them to remain anonymous. But that meantnone of the participants received the results of the blood tests.The doctors used a diagnostic device made by BioMedomics, of Morrisville, N.C., to analyze drops ofblood. It resembled an over-the-counter pregnancy test and generated results on the street in about 10minutes. Although the test hasn't won the approval of the Food and Drug Administration, Iafrate, theprincipal investigator, said Mass. General determined it's reliable.Within days, the physicians said, they hope to set up a medical tent outside the Mass. General ChelseaHealthcare Center to perform more antibodies tests with the device. The site will be located near a tentset up weeks ago to run standard PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, tests for people with activecoronavirus symptoms. The latter uses nasal swabs to detect whether the virus is present at the time;the antibodies blood test reveals whether someone was infected in the past.In addition to the new testing site, the researchers want to expand the study to other Massachusettscities and towns. For all of those studies, Mass. General doctors plan to obtain the identities ofparticipants so physicians can provide the results. But first the researchers need to come up withguidelines for what participants should do if they test positive for antibodies.Dr. Dean Xerras, medical director of the Mass. General Chelsea Healthcare Center and a co-investigatorin the study, said it illustrates why it's essential for Chelsea and other communities to perform moretests, regardless of whether they detect antibodies or the virus itself."Knowing how many people are infected is critical," said Xerras, a longtime member of the city's boardof health. "We need to get them isolated. We need to get masks delivered to the city. We need tolaunch more safe isolation sites. We need to be able to identify cases and then give people the thingsthey need to prevent perpetuation of the spread."Chelsea and Revere officials, with help from the state Department of Public Health and theMassachusetts Emergency Management Agency, secured almost 150 rooms at a Quality Inn in Reverethis week for residents who are recovering from COVID-19 and unable to isolate themselves at home,according to Ambrosino. So far, only a handful of those rooms are occupied.Governor Charlie Baker on Thursday staunch ly defended the state 's handling of the escalatingoutbreak in Chelsea, including asserting, without offering details, that city leaders have turned downhelp from his administration.The governor's claim surprised officials in Chelsea who told the Globe this week that the state, and evenhealth care providers, should have recognized the virus's rapid spread through the city sooner.Jonathan Saltzman can be reached at jonathan .saltzman@globe.comDisclaimer: Any third-party material in this email has been shared for internal use under fair use provisionsof U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy/veracity. It does not necessarily representmy views nor those ofNTAID, NIH, HHS, or the U.S. government.From: (b)(6)Sent :To:Subject:Sat, 18 Apr 2020 12:28:50 -0400Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fwd: working draft of NEJMAttachments : COVID vaccine editorial _16April 7pm.docx, ATT00001.htmSent from my iPhoneBegin forwarded message:From: "Corey MD, Lany" (b)( ·>Date: April 18, 2020 at 12:34:13 AM EDT ---------=-:-:-= To: "Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6) >, "Fauci,Anthony (NIH/NIA ID) [E]"___ (bH .___~~Cc: "Mascola, John (NIHNRC) [E]" _______ (b_H_6)Subject: working draft of NEJMHere is the working draft . My manuscript typist too tired to work tonight so itreflects several changes I made tonight ; it should be readable;LarryFrom: (b)(6)Sent :To:Subject:Sat, 18 Apr 2020 12:27:56 -0400Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fwd: JAMA- HeroesAttachments : heroes. pdf, A TT00001.htmSent from my iPhoneBegin forwarded message:From: Howard Bauchner <Howard .Bauchner @jamanetwork.org >Date: April 18, 2020 at 5:10: 15 AM EDT- -------=-==-- To: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [E]" (b)(6)Cc: Phil Fontanarosa <Phil.Fontanarosa @jamanetwork.org >Subject: JAMA - HeroesThere are many many heroes in this tragedy - but none more so than you, Maurizio, andDr. Wenilang.Howard Bauchner, MDEditor in Chief of JAMA and the JAMA NetworkPlease respect the confidentiality of this emailListen to my chats wi th authorsFrom: Howard Bauchner <Howard.Bauchner@jamanetwork.org>Date: Saturday, April 18, 2020 at 4:07 AMTo: CECCONI HUNIMED (b)(6)Subject: Re: HelloI am well - (b)(6) - but you know all about that - remain in Chicago - at work--"""".""~-=--....:..------------__;;~---, (=b-)<=(6)- he will quarantine forthe 2 weeks he is up there.Yes- NY, London, Paris - all diff icult times- great vector- the subway, underground, andmetro - unmasked folks who were asymptomatic carriers -terrible.Most of t he US managing although still a heavy heavy lift in some places - NY, Boston,some in Chicago - but most of the US managing. The big issue like everywhere is how dowe put society back toget her.Will be published on Monday- our tr ibute to many people and 3 individua ls.HCBHoward Bauchner, MDEditor in Chief of JAMA and the JAMA Networ kPlease respect the confide ntial ity of this emai lListen to my chats with authorsFrom: CECCONI HUNIMED (b)(6)> ------------- Date: Friday, April 17, 2020 at 2:07 PMTo: Howard Bauchn er <Howa rd .Bauchn er@jaman etwork.org>Subject : Hello[Warning External Email]Hello Howard,I hope you are well. Just a line to say that the podcasts are incredible.I hope you are ok. I am very sorry for the colleagues in New York. I know it's very tought here and also in other parts of US.Things are getting better here.Keep up the amazing work.Kind regards,MaurizioMaurizio Cecconi MD FRCA FFICM MD(Res)Head of Department Anaesthe sia and Inte nsive Care UnitsHumanitas Research HospitalProfessor of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareHumanitas UniversityPresident Elect ESICMNota ai riservatezza 11 pre5ente messaggio, corredato deI relativi allegati, contIene lnforma.:ionl da considerarsIstrettamentc riservate, ed e destinato esclusIvamente al destmatarlo sopra ind1cato, ii quale e l'unico autoriz.zatoad usarlo, cop1arlo e, sotto la propna responsabillta, d1ffonderlo. Ch1unque ricevesse questo messaggI0 per errore ocomunque lo leggesse senza esserne ieg1tt1mato e avvertIto che trattenerlo, copIarI0. divuigarlo, dIstribuirlo apersone diverse dal destinatarlo e severament.e proibito, ed e pregato di rinviarlo 1mmedlatamente al mltter1ledistruggendone l'or19Inale.GrazieConf1dent1allty Notice Tl1Is message, together wltl1 its annexes, contains Informat1on to be deemed smctlyconfidential and is destined only to th,• addressee(s) identified above wl10 only ma., use, copy and, under l1is/tl1eirresponsibility, furl11er disseminate it. If anyone, received this message by mistake or reads It without entitlement Isforewarned that keeping, copying, disseminating or distributing this message to persons other than theaddressee(s) ,s strictly forbidden and Is asked to transmit 1t 1rnmed1ately to thci sender and to erase the ongmalmessage receivedThank YouFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSat, 18 Apr 2020 13:46:56 +0000Greg Folkers CbH6);Morens, David (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: CDC: ---------------------- Cb) (5)https://bit .ly/2Ki5Ry4We really need to talk about this.From: Morens, David (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------- (b)(6) Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 6:49 PMTo: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El -----~ Cb~H= >Cc: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Subject: Re: CDC:Sent from my iPhoneDavid M MorensOD, NIAID, NIHhttps://bit.ly/2Ki5Ry4(b)(5On Apr 17, 2020, at 18:30, Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El- ------- (b)(6) wrote:(b) (5)(b) (5)(b) (5)The estimates on this page have been updated from an earlier report published inDecember 2018 based on more recently available information. There is a trade-offbetween timeliness and accuracy of the burden estimates. To provide timely burdenestimates to the public, clinicians, and publ ic health decision-makers, we use preliminarydata that may lead to over- or under-estimates of the true burden. However, eachseason's estimates will be finalized when data on testing practices and deaths for thatseason are available.For the revised 2017-2018 estimates, we included additional information in our estimationregarding influenza testing practices. The surveil lance system used to estimate influenzarelatedhospitalizations, FluSurv-NET, collects data on patients hospitalized withlaboratory-confirmed influenza. Influenza testing is done at the request of the clinician, butnot everyone is tested and influenza tests are not perfectly accurate. Thus, the reports oflaboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations to FluSurv-NET are likelyunderestimates of the true number of hospitalizations. To adjust for this, CDC collects dataannually from participating FluSurv-NET sites on the amount of influenza testing and thetype of test that is used at the site, and this information is used to correct for the possibleunderestimate of influenza-related hospitalizations . These testing data are often notavailable for up to two years after the end of an influenza season, and thus the estimatesare revised when additional testing data become available. For the orig inal preliminary2017-2018 burden estimates, data on testing practices during the 2014-2015 season wereused to make preliminary estimates because this season had the highest levels of testingamong the prior seasons for which data were available and resulted in the mostconservative (lowest) estimates of burden. More recent data from the 2016-17 seasonshow that influenza testing has been increasing among most age groups. The currentestimates were made using the highest testing rate fo r each age-group during 2010-11 to2016-17 and has resulted in some burden estimates being lower than previouslyestimated.Additionally, the method we use to estimate influenza -associated deaths relies onadditional data from FluSurv-NH and the National Center for Health Statistics (data oncause of deaths and numbers of deaths that occur in versus outside the hospital) that arealso not available for up to two years after the end of the season being estimated .The 2017-2018 estimates are still preliminary because not all of the required data arecurrently available. When those data become available, these estimates will be updatedagain and the results may change.More answers to frequently asked questions about CDC's influenza burden estimates areavailable.Disclaimer: Any third-party material in this email has been shared for internal use under fairuse provisions of U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy /veracity. Itdoes not necessarily represent my views nor tho se of NlAlD , NlH , HHS, or the U.S.government .From:Sent :To:(b)(6)Fri, 17 Apr 2020 14:45:56-0400Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: Fwd: Invitation to speak at virtual TIME 100 eventLet us make sure that we discuss this.Begin forwarded message:From : Alice Park <alice.p ark@time .com>Date: April 17, 2020 at 2:07 : 17 PM EDT -------~= To: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6J:Cc: Cate Matthews <cate .matthews@time.com>Subject: Re: Invitation to speak at virtual TIME 100 eventHi Dr. Fauci --I also should have added that we are happy to pre-tape the interview so it does nothave to happen on April 23. ln order for it to run on that date, we would love to record it some timeWed during the day or on Thurs morning. Hoping that helps with timing, and looking forward tohearing from you. Best, AlicePLEASE NOTE NEW PHONE NUMBERAlice ParkTIME(b)(6)alice.park@time.com@aliceparknyOn Fri, Apr 17, 2020 at 9:35 AM Alice Park <alice.park@time.com>w rote:DearDr. Fauci,Thankyou for making time to talk to me during the early weeks of the pandemic. I know yourschedule is tight, but wanted to pass along an invitation to speak at a unique virtualsummit we're holding next week, that I hope we can make work.Buildingon the impact of our annual TIME100 and TIME 100 Health summits, as well as our ongoing coverage of COVID-19, onThur sday, April 23,TIME will launch its first-ever virtual event series, "TIME Talks: Finding Hope." Our goalis to convene a group of the world's leading voices, including TIME 100 honorees, tospotlight the important work they're doing to combat this crisis, and to help ourviewers navigate this new reality.As part of our launch event , scheduled to take place between noon and 3 p.m. ET, we'dlike to invite youto participate in a short, 10- to 20-minute video interview with a TIME editor onpublic health policies that could be implemented at the national level to strengthen theresponses to this and future pandemics- addressing in particular lessons learned fromthe initial response to the coronavirus .We would also welcome your thoughts on how we plan to navigate out of the pandemicand what the new normal will look like. (Please note that we are open to discussing othertopics as well.)Each conversation will be streamed and promoted across TIME 's platfo rms, which reacha combined audience of 100 million people aroundthe world .Asone of our invited speakers , you would also be part of an extraordinary community ofleaders who are shaping our world . Past speakers at TIME events include HouseSpeakerNancy Pelosi ,Apple CEOTim Cook ,PrimatologistJane Goodall ,White House AdviserJared Kushner,ChefJose Andres,Me Too Movement Founder Tarana Burke,Producer DirectorRyan Murphy ,and many others .Thankyou in advance for considering this invitatio n. Cate. our program coordinator . and I arehappy to help with any questions you may have.Looking forward to hearing from you .Best,AlicePLEASE NOTE NEW PHONE NUMBERAlice ParkTIME(b)(6)alice.park@time.com@aliceparkny
From:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fri, 17 Apr 2020 16:00:09 +0000Thomas R. FriedenSubject: Re: Box It InAttachments: image001.png , image002.png, image003.jpgThanks, Tom. I totally agree with this approach. I have been trying to catch you by phone buthave gotten a voicemail with a message that the mailbox is ful l. Do I have the con-ect number?Thanks, TonyOn Apr 17, 2020 , at 11 :00 AM, Thomas R. Frieden(b)(6). wrote:Tony,Wishing you well. Wanted you to be aware that we're releasing a repo rt at a mediabriefing this morning on how to "Box in COVID." This plan includes priorit ized expansion oftesting and building a corps of contact tracers in the US, using tried-and-true public healthmeasures at scale. There are four essential actions to box in the virus: 1) Expand testing; 2)Isolate infected people to prevent spread; 3) Identify contacts who may have exposed; 4)Quarantine contacts. As you know, all four are crucial; if any one is lacking, the virus canescape and spread explosively again. Success requires a massive expansion of our publichealth capacity around the country and world.The report is attached and can be downloaded here. Please let me know how we cancontinue to be as supportive as possible.All the best,TomTom Frieden, MD, MPHPresident and CEOwww.DrTomFrieden.net(b)(6)<image0O 1. png><image002 .png><image003.jpg>RESOLVET O SAVE LIVESAn initiative of Vital StrategiesSTAY CONNECTEDwww.resolvetosavelives.org face book twitter<COV035 _ BoxltlnBriefing _ FINAL.pd£>~
TOS AVLEI VESAHI NITIATIVOEFV ITASLT RATEG[From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElFri, 17 Apr 2020 10:15:13 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/N IAID) [ElFW:Please take a look at this and respond. Thanks.From: Alfonso Arana <alfonso .arana@bizsecure .us>Sent: Friday, April 17, 2020 5:53 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] _____ "("b"")"("=6"J(b) (6J>; Robert .Thompson@crlcorp.com(b)(4)(b) (4)Dr. Fauci, good morning thank you for all you do for this great nat ion! We are very blessed to have youat the forefront of this pandemic. Not sure if you recall, (b) (6J we have(b) (4)Alfonso AranaPresident/ CEOCraft Artisan Design Inc. HUBZoneDBA. BizSecurehttps://bizsecure.us(b)(6)CONFIDENTIALI TY NOTICE: This e-mail message including attachments, if any, is in tended only for the person orent ity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and /or privileged material. Any review, use, disclosureor distribution of such confidenti al inform ation without the written authori zation of Craft Artisan Design Inc. DBAA&A Solutions. is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mai l anddestroy all copies of the original message, by receiving this e-m ail you acknowledge that any breach by you and/oryour repr esentatives of the above provisio ns may entit le A&A Solutions., to seek for damages.From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Greg:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Fri, 17 Apr 2020 02:48:07 +0000Greg Folkers (b)(6)Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: Hilary Marston's COVID-19 talk now archived for view ingPlease see me tomorrow abo ut some ideas that l have about COBfD-19 slides.Thanks,Tony-----Original Message -----From: Rob erts, Jacqueline (NIH/OD) (E] (b)(Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 3:12 PMTo: NIH-STAFF@LJST.NIH.GOVSubject: Hilary Marston's COVJD-19 talk now archived for viewingDear Colleagues,Thank you all for your suppo rt as we launch the new COV[D-19 lecture series. The live videocast of yesterday's talkwas in high demand and, unfor tunately, many of you were unable to gain access. This was partly because of thelarge number of viewers. We are working to remedy the issues in preparation for next week's lecture.Dr. Marston's talk, "The Biomedical Research Response to COVID-19: A View from NIAID," is now archived athttps://videocast.ni h.gov/watcb=36375 .- The COVID-19 SIG ModeratorsFor more infonnation about the COVTD-19 Scientific Interest Group, refer to httos://oir.nih.gov /s igs/covid-19-sci entifi c-i ntere st-gro up.From:Sent :To:Subject:Francis:Best,TonyFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElFri, 17 Apr 2020 02:45:01 +0000Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [ElRE: conspiracy gains momentumFrom: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El -------- (b)(6)Sent : Thursday, April 16, 2020 5:02 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E:] ;.=======(b)~(6) ~ Cc: Tabak, Lawrence {NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6JJ; Lane, Cliff {NIH/NIAID) [E]--------- (b)( ; Burklow, John (NIH/OD) [E] ._ (b)(6) _______ _.Subject: conspiracy gains momentum(b) (5)(b) (5)https :// www.mediaite.com/tv /foxs-bret-ba ier-so u rces-i ncreasingly-confident-coronavi rus-o utb rea kstarted-in-wuha n-lab/(b) (5)FrancisFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fri, 17 Apr 2020 02:28:05 +0000Pottinger, Matthew F. EOP/WHO;Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC(b)(6)RE: [WARNING: UNSCANNABLE EXTRACTION FAILED][EXTERNAL) Usinggrounded aircraf t to treat COVID patientsMatt:-----(b)(5). Let us discuss further. Best regards,TonyFrom: Pottinger, Matthew F. EOP/WHO ---------- (b)(6)Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 7:54 PMTo: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC -------- =(b=)(=6)>; Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E)(b)(6)Subject: FW: (WARNING: UNSCANNABLE EXTRACTION FAILED)[EXTERNAL] Using grounded aircraft totreat COVID patientsDeb, Tony,(b) (5)(b) (5)Best,MattFrom: Skinner, James B. EOP/NSC (b)(6)Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 6:53 PM -------~~ To: Pottinger, Matthew F. EOP/WHO (b)(6)>Cc: DL NSC NSA FO Staff <DL.NSAF0Staff@whmo.mil>Subject: FW: [WARNING: UNSCANNABLE EXTRACTION FAILED)[EXTERNAL] Using grounded aircraft totreat COVID patientsMatt,I spoke to Leland earlier this afternoon and he asked I pass this along to you .JamesFrom: Leland Schwartz (b) ( > ----------- Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 6:08 PMTo: Skinner, Jam_e_s_ B . EOP.;/.N__S--C= ======~;-:--:-:-::-:-::-:--:-:-:-:(-b~H >_cc:_R_a.I.p :_.h._C_ra_ft_s!:=======--=::"'";" (b_H_. ; BARBARAS CHEDI E(b)(6)----- (b) C6;l Ed BettsSubject : [WARNING: UNSCANNABLEE XTRACTIONF AILED][EXTERNALU] sing grounded aircraft to treatCOVID patientsMatt,Oxygen therapy scientists can treat patients using the grounded airliners all over thecountry as mass treatment chambers.Please watch this explana tion from Extivita in Durham :> https:// www.youtube.com/watch ?v=SWCH Du UOHSM&featur e=youtu. be<Please help us connect to the right people.This could help save lives, get our economy restarted, and ensure continuity in thegovernment.Hope you're good. Catch up on the other side. Have figured out how to save localnews.Leland(b)(6)James,Thanks very much for your help.LelandCOY.M~ ITY eAOO.DCASTINGFORFAUOUIEAApril 16, 2020lelllnd SchwartzEdllor&Pui>hsherF~ Channel One$40 42.2 13r6eclllOff!lauqu,oichannoloornwwwfctUqUDR:himnCeQl fnMatt Pott ingerDeputy National Security AdvisorThe White House1650 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWWashin gton , DC 20502Dear Sir,Many of us in the hyperbaric medicine community believe that there exists a simpletherapy to halt the inflammatory process and reverse the lung damage.This process will also simultaneously provide many times over the amount ofoxygenation offered by the coma-inducing intubationventilator procedure.We are reaching out to our network to make contact with the airlines to secure the use ofan airplane with an onboard APU (Auxiliary Power Unit--used to pressuriz e the aircraft)for a month, to treat COVID-19 pati ents and show the effectiveness of the concept.Initial testing indicat es in one trial study 100% improvement while all others und erway,although small scale, are showing great benefit at extremely low cost and patient risk.So what is this new procedure? Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy or HBOT; first usedsuccessfully in 1918 for Spanish Flu cases. HBOT is viable and appears to work well butwe do not have the number of pressure vessels / HB chambers available to treat thepossibly100,000+ who need the therap y now.Several of us in our small community have arrived at the same idea in severalcountrie s.The idea is no longer new or uniqu e.Again, I am proposing use an aircraft as the pressure vessel. Every airplane with apressurized cabin (i.e., all commercial airline aircraft) is routinely pressurized to around9 psi (some go higher) while they are on the ground, as part of their norma lairworthiness testing.Myself and others have suggested that one or more of the hundr eds of grounded aircraftbe provided to complete the trial t est .737 Max are not flying but are a perfect pressure vessel for the proc edur e.Could you help us contact Boeing, the airlines or the military?No aircraft modification is required whatsoever so that is one of the issues off the table.The aircraft remains parked on the ground with access for ambulatory patients via astairway. No jetway is required unless we expand this in the future for non-ambulatorypatien ts.We would need to place stand ard DOT portabl e oxygen tank s in the cabin along with theassociated manifold, pressure regulator, flow-meters and tubing.Each patient will have his /her own anesthesia mask and breathing circuit.There is no cross contamination between patients or the cabin environment atmosphereas each mask incorporates a Viral Filter Kit to help protect the technicians who are alsobrea thing from a sec ur e, clean so urc e.All safety issues are addressed in the plan.The same process, once proven could be utilized by our military and of course our Navywho is experiencing possible outbreaks as we speakThe Patriot Clinic in Oklahoma City is my personal charity where we have provided over15,000 free HBOT treatments for our beloved vets and 30,000+ at cost or below.We are not asking for money. Nor, am I selling anything in this effort. With the help of asmall group of supporters, ( Ralph Crafts & family ) my company is willing to providethe equipment, training and technical support to begin the process.Thank you for your ongoing service to our country, and thank you for reading andconsidering my propo sal.I sure would appreciate your help.Semper Fi!Sincerely,Edward A BettsEdward A BettsANDI American Nitrox Divers International74 Woodcleft AvenueFree ort, NY USA 11520(b)(6)> http: //www .andihq.com/ <(b)(6)Matt PottingerDeputy National Security AdvisorThe ·white House1650 Pennsylvania Ave., NWWashington , DC 20502Sir:As one old Marine to another Marine, this letter contains the "straight scoop," and is intended toprovide infonnation that can help stop the spread of COVID-19, and ensure the continuity ofcritical segments of government.Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has been in use for over 100 years, and was the onlyeffective treatment for the 1918 flu pandemic. HBOT is being used worldwide to treat a varietyof serious disease s, and has been proven to be immediately effective in treating severe COVID-19 cases, with a success rate close to 100%.HBOT is simply breathing high-pur ity oxygen (92% or higher) for 60-90 minutes in apressurized environment (typically between 8 and 15psi- the higher pressure is about the samepressure as doing a SCUBA dive to 33 feet). HBOT chambers can be 1-2 person sizes andportable, up to 12-seat chambe rs which are used for Navy operations. (b)(6) I have a onepersonchamber in our home, and we can attest to its effectiveness in treating severe breathingproblems, like pneumonia , infections , and wounds.The currently publicized and widely accepted statement that there is no effective treatment forCOVID-19 is wrong. HBOT treatments, usually just a single one-hour session, provideimmediate improvements in lung function, blood-oxygen levels, and organ recovery . Unlikerespirators, which do more damage than good and are basically a death sentence, HBOT providesan immediate path for recovery and healing.A team of ve1y experienced scientists and HBOT experts have developed a concept that willenable the effective treatment of large numbers of people by using some of the thousands ofgrounded commercial aircraft as large HBOT chambers.I'm an old Marine Corps jet pilot , and we use our (b) (6)so I have the professional contacts to confirm and verify the efficacyof the concept.Every airplane with a pressurized cabin (i.e., all airline aircraft) is routinely pressurized toaround 9psi (some go higher) while they are on the ground, as part of their normal airworthinesstesting.We have equipment staged and ready to go now, to treat 25 COVID-19 patients ata time- weneed an airplane, and we can be treating people and saving lives in about 36 hours.The aircraft we need remain parked on the ground, no modifications are needed-we will simplyplace portable oxygen tanks in the cabin with the associated tubing, manifold, and pressureregulators, and each patient will have his/her own anesthesia mask.There is no cross contamination between patients, because everyone is breathing oxygen fromtheir own persona l mask.We are reaching out to our contacts in the airlines to ask for the use of an airplane and APU(Auxiliary Power Unit- used to pressurize the aircraft) for a month, to treat COVID-19 patientsand show the effectiveness of the concept.We could do the same thing with a single military transport aircraft (many of which have beenconfigured for medical use).As a Marine, and with my knowledge of HBOT, the recent death of the Theodore Rooseveltsailor is part icularly upsetting, knowing that a couple of Senior Chiefs or Marine MasterSergeants could have configured an aircraft in Guam in a couple of hours and be treating all thesailors from the carrier.We are not asking for money- my wife and I are paying for all the required equipment andsupport personnel.HBOT chambers are easily implemented and supported- you could have one in your office( ours is 8' long and 34" in diameter when pressurized) and it would only take a couple of hoursto train your corpsmen to operate it. I don' t know of a better guarantee of continuity in thecurrent pandemic.Please note that (b)(6) I have no financial or political interests in the HBOT treatmentconcept, companies , or manufacturers-we receive no benefits/rewards, other than helping tosave many lives.You will receive a letter from Ed Betts- he's a good man, really knows his stuff, and I trust himwith my life- please take what he says seriously.Thank you for your ongoing service to our country , and thank you for reading and consid eringthe information in this letter.Semper Fi !Respectf ully,Ralph E. CraftsMarsha ll, Virg inia(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 12:37:38 +0000Dr. Josh BackonRE: Covid-19. thromboxane inhibitors, and heme binding (02 desaturation)You are not being ignored. The Nationa l Heart Lung and Blood Institute will take a look at this.From: Dr. Josh Backon <backon@mail.huji.ac.il>Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2020 8:09 AM -------- ""=""'"'= To: Coleman, Amanda {NIH/NIAID) [CJ (b)( >; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIA ID) [E)____ ..:._ __ _:__:. __ :...,:_.:.!:::========:::....:..-~ (b~)~(6)Subject: Fwd: Covid-19. thromboxane inhibitors, and heme binding (02 desaturation)Continue to ignore me.http ://www .htct.com .br/en -hemog lobin -value-may-be-decreased-avance S2531137920300298?fbclid= lwAR3zdsUZE l MSgxNpqzr lf8621NlbRMFPJ9qfRLnsC2FqZNkjCrsw4KDtGcDr. Josh Backonbackon@mail.huj i.ac.il---------- Forwarded message ---------From: Coleman, Amanda (NIH/ NIAID) [C] (b)(6)Date: Thu, Apr 9, 2020 at 6:18 PMSubject: RE: Covid-19. thromboxane inhib itors, and heme binding (02 desaturation)To: Dr. Josh Backon <backon@mail.huji .ac.il>Dear Dr. Backon,We very much appreciate the information you've provided, and I am sharing your updates with therelevant staff at NIH. We have directed you to the information we think is relevant for your request, andwe hope that this has been helpful. We have no additional information to provide at this time. NIAIDstaff members will not be responding further .Thank you,Amanda Coleman, MPH [C)Office of Scientific Coordination and Program OperationsDivision of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesNIAID, NIH, DHHSFrom: Dr. Josh Backon <backon@mail.huji.ac.il>Sent: Wednesday, April 8, 2020 7:37 AM To: Coleman, Amanda (NIH/NIAID) [CJ- -----~~ CbH6)>F;a uci, Anthony (NIH/NIA ID) [E)(b)(6)Subject: Covid-19. thromboxane inhi bi tors, and heme binding (02 desaturation)I have a suggestion for 3 potent antiviral agents, cheap and readily available, thatmay prevent viral shedd ing. No viral shedding? No infectivity. The concept is thatEVERYONE should take these items. Two of the items also positively affect hemebinding. Covid-19 binds to heme causing 02 desaturation, lung failure and death.First a short bio:Dr. Josh Backon was affiliated with the Hebrew University Faculty of Medicinefor over 33 years. He has a good track record (84+ publications quoted by over 750other researcherswww.google.com /scholar?start=O&g=%22backon ++j. %22&hl=en&as sdt=0,5and in over 250-300 texts as perhttps://www.google.com /search?tbo=p&tbm =bks&q=%22backon+j .+%22&num=100 ).In the 1980's he was Consulting Editor of the Journal of Pedi atric Endocrinology,Editor of Reviews in Pure and Applied Pharmacological Sciences, and AssociateEditor of the International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. From 1990-2004, he was a consultant on emergency planning and management at Israel 'sNational Police Headquarters with Nitzav Mishneh Danny Fisher.Chloroquine, an antimalarial drug, is now being used to treat Covid-19. Itsmechanism was found in the 1970's to inhibit thromboxanehttps:/ /scholar .google.com/scholar?hl=en&as sdt=0%2C5&q=chloroquine +thromboxane&btnG= The problem with chloroquine was that it also elevated levels ofprostaglandin F2alpha. In 1980, Srivastava, an Indian biochemist working inDenmark found that GINGER is a potent inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase. Iwrote a number of papers in the J 980's on use of ginger:https:/ /scholar .google.com/scholar ?hl=en&as sdt=0%2C5&g=backon +ginger&btnG=CHLOROQUINE FOR TREATING COVID-19bttps://scbolar.google.com/scholar ?hl=en&as sdt=0%2C5&q=ch1oroquine+covid-19&oq=ch&fbclid=IwAR llLe376M22 IUr3UsD6 yzsASmpGglpI3h3PTOpCHA4Y cu32 l ZPevD-AGINGER IS A POTENT ANTIVIRAL-https: //scholar .google.com/scholar?hl =en&as sdt=0%2C5&q =ginger+anti viral&oq=gmTHE SECOND ANTIVIRAL AGENT IS TURMERIC [add black peppersince piperine dramatically increases oral bioavailability of turmeric)https: //scholar .google.com/scholar?hl =en&as sdt=0%2C5&q =turmeric+antiviral&oq=turMultisite inhibitors for enteric coronavirus: antiviral cationic carbondots based on curcuminD Ting, N Dong, L Fang, J Lu, J Bi. .. -ACS Applied Nano ... , 2018 - ACS Publications.. . These results offer theoretical support for the development of CCM-CDs as a hopefulantivira l drug for the treatment of coronavirus infections, including PEDV ... Curcumin(CCM) is a polyphenol compound obtained from turmeric roots ...NAC AND PIPERINE TO INIDBIT INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES{iNOS, NF KappaB, TNFalpha) INVOLVED IN ARDSMortality in COVID-19 patients is usually from ARDS (acute respiratory distresssyndrome) via inflammatory cytokines. Apart from N-acetylcy steine which wasfound 3 years ago to elevate atrial natriur etic factor [found by Kiemer in 2001 tozap inflammatory cytokine s: iNOS , NF KappaB , and TNFalpha) now piperine inblack pepper was found to inhibit inflammatory cytokines [piperine alsodramatically increas es oral bioavailability of turm eric [ which has been used as apotent antiviral]:N-ACETYLCYSTEINEhttps://scholar.google .com/scholar?hl=en&as sdt=0%2C5&g=nacetylcysteine+%22inflammatory+cytokines%22&btnG=PIPERINEhttps://scholar .google.com/ scholar ?hl=en&as sdt=0,5&q=piperine%20inflammatory%20cytokine s&btnG=&fbclid=IwAR0kXZxl66JPLFPry2MDTDxOAelgGnmBZdK.Bw7cl v78Hfi7t 0JJnx0Y2zuECOVID-19 BINDS TO HEMEhttp://web.archive.org/web/20200405061401/https://medium.com/@agaiziunas/covid-19-had-us-allfooled-but-now-we-might-have-finally-found-its-secret-91182386efcbCOVID- 19: HYPOXIA , 02 DESATURATIO N, COVID-19 BINDS TO HEME.THUS NO MAX PEEP ! ! IT'S A PROBLEM OF FREE RADICALBIOCHEMISTRY.THROMBOXANE AND HEME BINDINGhttps://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as sdt=0%2CS&q=thromboxane+%27heme+binding%22&oq=th&fbclid= lwAR3fSECaUUnrSSyhCA6kpJ9z0nPaMM3ba7HtuFPpQ9B1PVrF9kdwayATcY0INDIA: POPULATION 1,300,000,000: as of Apr il 8th, only 5000 cases and 164 deaths :[Ind ians eat GINGER, TURMERIC and BLACK PEPPER plus other spices which are thromboxaneinhibitors ]:https ://www. business-standard .com/ article/ current-affairs/ coro navi rus-I ive-u pdates -covid-19-cases -i nindia-gl oba I-death-to II-state -wi se-del hi-ma harasth ra-tabl ig h i-niza m udd i n-lockdown-extension-latestnews-120040800236 1.html11 classic Indian spices: saffron , fenugreek, cardamom , cloves, cassia, cumin, coriander, and nutmghttps ://www .thekitchn.com/11-essential-spices-for -indian-cooking-223152Access http://scholar.google.com for THROMBOXANE (and the name of each spice) and you'll see thateach one is a thromboxane inh ibitorANTI PARASITIC DRUG IVERMECTIN KILLS COVID-19https://pharmafield.co.uk/pharma news/study shows antiparasiticdrug ivermectin kills coronavirus/IVERMECTIN AFFECTS THROMBOXANEhttps://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as sdt=0%2CS&q=%22ivermectin%22+thromboxane+&btnGCARBON DIOXIDE AS THROMBOXANE INHIBITORShttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1433448/https://www.sciencedirect .com/science/article/abs/pii/0306987786900952Effect of carbon dioxide on platelet aggregation in catsES Gabrielyan , EA Amroyan - Bulletin of Experimental Biology and ... , 1984 - SpringerProducts of the arachidonic acid cascade have been shown to play an important role inregulation of the blood supply to several organs, including the bra in [i, 8]. Cyclic derivativesof arachidonic acid play a definite role in the mechanisms of action of many known ...https ://Ii nk.springer .com/ article/10.1007 /BF0082963 7WHY CATS (FELINES)A RE MORE SUSCEPTIBLET O COVID-19 THAN DOGShttps ://www. the -scientist. com/news -opinion/ cats-f e rrets -s usce pt i b I e-to -sa rs-cov-2 -st u dy-67374? utm campaign=TS DAILY+NEWSLETTER 2020&utm source=hs email&utm medium=emai l&utm content=85706789& hsenc=p2ANqtz --SZXoVVbO1SHcR025FPiWgMcM3 nz7fHSHOrKRp9fLxTy9Bxj0Jsl7hJtDQoDM2xsozsH438n5c 1Mj-78bT3Rz2mQ& hsmi=85706789&fbclid=lwAR3bW76GVl4rConuw7YPcDL91ZE9JkQQSm9Lu yRE4y2LNmo0o6vtaFUkhttps://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1476 -5381.1983.tb09393.x?fbclid=lwAR1SzFkyOR4mVyVvh9ayQP Uzj4CwlVo419b2jRHebfjmSQCD6BykteHqQFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:48:56 +0000(b)(6)Subject: RE: Stand ing Up for TruthDavid:Many hanks for your kind note. It is much appreciat ed.Best regards,Tony (b)( 6)Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)( 6)FAX: (301 496- 09E-mail Cb()6 )The Information in this e-mail and any of Its attachments Is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representative s.From: (b)(6) ----------------- Sent: Monday , April 13, 2020 2:49 AM --------:a- = To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/ NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6); Fauci, Ant hony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b )( 6)Subject: Standing Up for Truth4/ 13/20Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.Director, NIAIDDear Dr. Fauci:As a fellow graduate of Regis High Schoo l (b)(6) and very activealumnu s, I am writing to you out of deep concern for our nation. I amreading reports in The NY Times that President Trump may be consideringfiring you for tell ing the truth about the negative consequences of delays inmobilizing the Amer ican response to the coronavirus threat. The Times hadrun articles in recent days detail ing the pertinent facts that place the blamefor this delay squarely on President Trump. We can reasonably infer thatsignificant loss of life and financial harm resulted from this delay.The mission of Regis was to mold young men with leadersh ip potential tobe "men for others" in the Jesuit tradition. To achieve that goal Regis alsosought to hone our intellectual talents and imbue us with Christian moralityto succeed throughout our lives in a persistent pursuit of excellence, whichembodies the truth. A mission to relentlessly pursue and proclaim thetruth.The fact that you have consistently and courageously pursued that missionduring one of the darkest times in our history explains the extraordinaryadmiration in which you are held by millions of Americans. You have wontheir confidence , which has enabled so many to make exquisite sacrificesto win this crucial battle. People will follow heroes, which is precisely howthe vast majority views you.I am writing because I want you to know how important you are to America.We cannot lose you and we can not lose the value of truth. Truth mustprevail or our precious democracy is in grave peril.Consequently, and I know I speak for the vast majority of Americans whosedecency is beyond question, if Donald Trump seeks your removal, pleaseresist for the sake of our nation. An appeal to the populace will not gounanswered. Religious leaders will flock to your defense, as will the mediaand leading political leaders, including Biden and Cuomo. Republicans cannot afford to alienate what you stand for. Jeopardizing the Catholic votewould be suicide.In closing, know how proud all Regians are of you. You will always be aninspiration to those who understand the value of service to others.Our prayers are with you.David G. O'Brien (b)(6)Attorney at Law(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Thanks, Dan.Best,TonyFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:35 :55 +0000Daniel Bednar ikLerner, And rea (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: BARDA PresentationFrom: Daniel Bednarik <dbednarik@neximmune .com>Se nt: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 4:24 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6)>Subject: BARDA PresentationDear Tony :Be well - we are all in your corne r (and you have your own bobble head likeness)!Best,DanDaniel Bednarik, Ph.D.Senior Vice PresidentMolecular EngineeringNexlmmune, Inc.9119 Gaither RoadGaithe rsburg MD 20877(b)(6)(m)www.neximmune.com •• • NexlmmuneDirecting T cell function to restore natural immunity(b) (4)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:33:57 +0000To: Schwetz, Tara (NIH/OD) [E)Cc: Marston, Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E];Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E];Barasch,Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C];Walsh, Elizabeth (NIH/OD) [E]Subject: RE: Flagging NIH Media ProductsThanks, Tara. I appreciate the heads up. Stay well and safe.Best,TonyFrom: Schwetz, Tara (NIH/OD) [E) (b)(6)/>Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 4:46 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]------ (-b=)'"-("==6' )>Cc: Marston , Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( ; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID ) [E](b)( >; Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/N IAID) [C] (b)( >; Walsh,Elizabeth (NIH/OD) [E] (b)( >Subject: Flagging NIH Media ProductsTony,Hope all is well and that you are staying safe and healt hy .. Our plan is to batch and send these to Hilary, Patty, and Kim on Thursdays/Fridayseach week, unless there is a time sensitivity to them. For the time-sensitive requests, I will flag them foryou (after a couple levels of filtering).So, that said, I am reaching out to flag the following time-sensitive items for your awareness and sharingwith the remainder of the Task Force, as appropriate . You'll note that both of these are yours, so th isemail may be unnecessary. If so, apologies for adding to your (what much be crazy) inbox.Item 1: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Strategic Plan for COVID-19 Research(NEW)Activity Type: Strategic PlanSummary: A new strategic research plan from the National Institutes of Health aims to build on- and accelerate - new and existing research efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat COVID-19,as well as understand the underlying causative agent of this disease, severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Plan prioritizes research to improve fundamentalknowledge of SARS-CoV-2 vir us and COVID-19 disease, develop diagnostics and assays,characterize and test t herapeutics, as well as develop safe and effective vaccines targeted towarddecreasing disease incidence, mitigating morbidity, and preventio n mortality from this disease.Impact on COVID-19 Pandem ic Response: The strategic plan outlines a research plan ta rgeted atprevent ion and mitigation of COVID-19 disease.Office : NIAID, Office of the DirectorNIH Point-of-Contact : Anthony Fauci, M.D.NIH Point-of-Contact Email:Action Date : Estimated 4/17 /2020_Type of Action : Publication(b)(6)Potent ial for Press Coverage: Mainstream PressPressR eleasien Developmen:t Y?esItem 2: NIH study validates decontamination methods for re-use of N95 respiratorsActivity Type : Significant scientific findingSummary ; NIAID/NIH-funded study shows that N95 respirators can be decontaminatedeffec tively and maintain funct ional integrity for up to three uses. Researchers tested thedecontamination of small sections of N95 fi lter fabric that had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Decontamination methods tested included vaporized hydrogen peroxide {VHP), 70-degree Celsiusdry heat, ultraviolet light, and 70'/o ethanol spray. All four methods eliminated detectable viablevirus from the N95 fabric test samples. The results will be posted on a preprint server (timingTBD). The findings are not yet peer-reviewed but are being shared to assist the public healthresponse to COVID-19.Impact on COVID-19 Pandem ic Response: Study shows that respirators could be used multip letimes {2-3 times depend ing on decontamination method)ICO: NIAIDNIH Point-of- Contact : Vincent Munster, Ph.D., and Marshall Bloom, M.D., from NIAID's Laboratoryof Virology are available to comment on this study .POC Email: (b)(6) -------------------Action Date : TBD week of April 13, 2020Type of Action: Report/PublicationPotential for Press Coverage: Mainstream PressPress Release in Development? : YesHope you're getting some rest and taking care of yourself!Best,Tara A. Schwetz, PhDActing Director, NINRAssociate Deputy Director, NIHA: Building 1, Room 138 --- ~= P: (b)(6) I M: (b)(6)From:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:32:27 +0000(b)(6)FW: New web porta l ··· UW IDEA: COVID-19 Treatment https://bit. ly/3ckkv48Please take a look at this and then let us talk.From: Folkers, Greg {NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 5:19 PMSubject: New web portal --- UW IDEA: COVID-19 Treatment https://bit.ly/3ckkv48Disclaimer : Any third-party material in this email bas been shared for internal use under fair use pro visionsof U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy/veracity. It does not necessarily representmy views nor those of NIAID, NlH , HHS, or the U.S. government.From:Sent:To :Cc:Subject:Attachments:Proposals 4.14.pdfPlease handle.Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:24 :00 +0000Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [C) (b)(6)Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Harper , Jill (NIH/NIAID) [E]FW: Request: Proposal Summaries - POCs Due 4/15; Summaries Due 4/202020-04-14_Proposal POC Sign up.xlsx, IC Specific Proposals 4.14.pdf, ERFrom: Schwetz, Tara {NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 8:52 PMTo: ICDDIR-L@list. nih.govCc: List DEPDIR-L <DEPDIR-L@list .nih.gov>; NIH Director's Executive Committee <0DSmallStaff@mail.nih .gov>Subject: Request: Proposal Summaries- POCs Due 4/15; Summaries Due 4/20Colleagues,As discussed this afternoon, please find attached the POC sign-up sheet (tab 1; tabs 2-3 list the variousproposals by category, theme, and IC), the IC-specific proposals, and the economic recoveryproposals . We ask that you please complete the POC sign-up and send it to Jordan Glad man(b)(6) by S pm on Wednesday ----------- April 15. We will then col late and distribute the comp I et e d spreadsheet to the Chairs for each of the themes and post it on the ICD SharePoint site . Theindividual proposals are imbedded in the pdf as folders sorted by theme. If you feel your proposal wouldfit better with a different working group, please feel free to engage with them .We ask tha t, once the POCs have been have been ident ified, you quickly assemble to begin refining andsynergizing your proposa ls. Each Chair should coordinate with their group to develop a 2 page maxsummary of the theme's research, along with a single combined budget. The summary should integratethe IC proposals as much as possible; however, it is fine (for valid/justifiable reasons) to describe a fewunique projects tha t fall under the theme as well. That is, if they don't make sense to integrate , youdon' t have to, but please be sure to include them in the summary . These summaries should be sent toLarry and me (cc Jordan Glad man) by noon on April 20. We wil l build off these summaries to generate adocument for Francis' review, which we ultimately hope will be informative as we prepare for apotentia l fourth supplement.The ask in short:Best,• April 15 at 5 pm - send your POCs to Jordan, who will then distribute the completedspreadsheet to the chairs• April 20 at 12 pm -chairs to send a 2 page summary of their theme (with combined budget)Tara A. Schwetz, PhDActing Director, NINRAssociate Deputy Director, NIHA: Building 1, Room 138 ---~= P: (b)(6) I M: (b)(6)From:Sent :To:Subject:Attachments :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElThu, 16 Apr 2020 02:51:30 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: Emergency clinica l tr ial COVID PE4_ OVID _protocol_15042020.docxPlease take a look at this and take care of it. Thanks.From: Kucher Nils (b)(6)>Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 5:29 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ ("b"~""('6=) >Subject: Emergency clinical trial COVID PEDear AnthonyMy background is clinical VTE research. I spent many years in Boston (Harvard Medical School).We may have a solution for improving survival in COVID outpatients.(b) (4), (b) (5)Would you be willing to discuss this urgent clinical trial proposal which was submitted today to SwissauthoritiesMy mobile is -------- (b)(6)You can call me anytime.Best regardsNilsProf. Dr. med. Nils KucherDirector of Vacular MedicineUnivers ity Hospit al ZurichSwitzerlandRamistrasse 100, RAE C 13CH-8091 ZurichTel: Cb)C6)www.angiologie.usz.c hU Sz UniversitatsSp ital ZurichFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Ray:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 02:50:34 +0000DuBois, Raymond N.RE: Mask wearing policy at our University HospitalThank you for your note. I would keep the policy "voluntary" but I would "encourage"employees to wear them.Best regards,TonyFrom: DuBois, Raymond N. -------- (b)(6)Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 7:18 AM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ---------------=---:-(:b)=( > Subject: Mask wear ing policy at our University HospitalDear Dr. Fauci,My name is Ray DuBois and in addition to being the Dean of Medicine here at the Medical University ofSouth Carolina in Charleston, I chair the Board of Scientific Councilors for the NCI. The mask wearingpolicy for our Health System is developed by our inf ection control group and not by the College ofMedicine.Currently, we have a "voluntary" mask wearing policy for the health system and our main UniversityHospital. Based on your recent comments about asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic carriers of COVID-19, do you agree that keeping this voluntary is the correct approach?Obviously, your opinion here is extremely well respected and I would like for us to provide the safestenvironment possible for our faculty, employees and patients.Ray DuBois, M.D., Ph.D.Dean of MedicineThe Medical University of South Carolina .... Charlesto n, SCMemb er of the National Academy of MedicineFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Stefano:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 02:35:18 +0000Bertuzzi, StefanoRE: Announcement--ASM 's COVID-19 Research RegistryCongratulations! Excellent idea and much needed. Our community will find it veryvaluable.Best regards,TonyFrom: Bertuzzi, Stefano <sbertuzzi@asmusa.org>Sent : Wednesday, April 15, 2020 10:21 AM -------'="'""' = To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( >; Erbelding, Emily (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6) >; Cassetti, Cristina (NIH/NIA ID) [E] (b)( ; Beige!, John ~--~~======-::__= (NIH) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: Announ cement --ASM's COVID-19 Research RegistryDear Tony and NIAID friends -the mission of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) to promote and advance the microbia lsciences has perhaps never been more clearly in focus than during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Accelerating basic research is key to ASM's mission - it is where cure and prevention begin. It isimpressive how rapidly research on SARS-CoV-2 /COV ID-19 has advanced in just a few weeks , buteasily accessing new and relevant research has been a challenge for basic researchers . When ASM'sCouncil on Microbial Sciences held a COVI D-19 summit to ident ify the most significant scientific work onthe virus , the coronavirus researc hers and clinical microbiologists raised the need for the scientificcommun ity to curate important COVID-19 research .ASM is excited to announ ce the launch of the COVID-19 Research Registry , a platform curatedand vetted by experts in the field of virology and related discipline s to provide immediate accessto top COVID-19 research .I am proud that Lynn Enquist, Ph.D ., Henry L. Hillman Professor in Molecular Biology , PrincetonUniversity and fo rmer ASM President , will serve as Chief Curator for this Registry. Dr. Harold Varm us,Lewis Thomas University Professor of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine has agreed to join us as ChiefConsultant on the project.We are honored to have the following as Assistant Cura tors-in-Chief :• Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin, Ph.D., Chancellor's Professor , Microbiology & Molecular Genetics,University of California , Irvine and Editor-in-Chief of ASM's Journal of Virology• Vaughn Cooper , Ph.D ., Professor , Microbiology & Molecular Genet ics , University of Pittsburgh ,and current ASM Board memberThe entire curatorial board is listed on the Registry site .ASM is proud to add this initiative to our ongoing efforts . Through its capillary network of clin icalmicrobiologists around the country and the world, ASM has accelerated communica tion and clearedroadblocks to ramp up SARS-CoV-2 testing. We continue to work closely with our dedicated colleagues ,the indefatigable clinical microbiologists manning the front lines in hospitals and testing labs during thisunprecede nted global emergency. We send our thanks - and admirat ion--to these ASM members whoare contr ibuting directly to saving lives in this perilous time.Our COVID-19 resource page provides important ASM updates and current inform ation on thecoronavirus. We are also working with the news media to provide authoritative ASM experts and reliablematerial on the microb iology of viral epidemics. ASM journals is also providing free access to morethan 50 research articles published over the last year in our 16 scholarly journals and expediting reviewfor submitted papers related to coronavirus, ensuring that new research is quickly made available to thescientific community .We are hoping that researchers will find the COVID-19 Research Registry a useful resource . We lookforward to your comments , questions or suggestions , since your input will be critical for improving thisplatform and making it usef ul for the scientific community. All feedback can be sent tocovid 19reqistry@asmusa.org . We are all in this together.Sincerely,Stefano BertuzziChief Executive Officer, ASMStefano Bertuzzi, Ph.D., M.P.H.Chief Executive Office rAmerican Society for Microbio logy (ASM)1752 N St., NWWashington, DC 20036 -2904Phone (b) (6)From:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Thu, 16 Apr 2020 02:08:26 +0000To: Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [C) ---------- (b)(6)) Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: FW: Request: Proposal Summaries - POCs Due 4/ 15; Summaries Due 4/20Attachments : 2020-04-14_Proposal POC Sign up vl. 0[1] .xlsx, IC Specific Proposals 4.15[1].pdf,ER Proposals 4.15[1] .pdf, COVID-19 Initiative Managemen t-revised[l][G] .docxPlease take a look at this and handle. Thanks.From: Schwetz, Tara {NIH/OD) [E] CbH >Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 8:59 PMTo: ICDDIR-L@list. nih.govCc: List DEPDIR-L <DEPDIR-L@list .nih .gov>; NIH Director's Executive Committee <0DSmal1Staff@mail.nih.gov>; Gladman, Jordan (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6J>Subject: Re: Request: Proposal Summaries - POCs Due 4/15; Summaries Due 4/20All,Please find attached the compiled sign-up sheet with IC POCs for the 12 themes, as well as updatedpackets to match the shifts that were brought to our attention (attachments #1-3) .As a reminder , please send the 2 page summar ies for each theme (with combined budget), using theattached template (attachment #4), to Jordan Gladman by April 20 at 12 pm. Thanks to you and yourstaff for developing these!Best,Tara A. Schwetz, PhDActing Director, NINRAssociate Deputy Director, NIHA: Building 1, Room 138 ---~~ P: (b)(6) I M: (b)(6)From: Tara Schwetz CbH6J>Date: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 at 9:01 PMTo: " ICDDIR-L@list.nih.gov " <ICDDIR-L@list.nih.gov >Cc: List DEPDIR-L <DEPDIR-L@list.nih.gov >, NIH Director's Executive Committee <0DSmal1Staff@mail.nih.gov >Subject: Request: Proposal Summaries - POCs Due 4/15; Summaries Due 4/20Colleagues,As discussed this afternoon, please find attached the POC sign-up sheet (tab 1; tabs 2-3 list the variousproposals by category, theme, and IC), the IC-specific proposals, and the economic recoveryproposals . We ask that you please complete the POC sign-up and send it to Jordan Glad man{jordan .gladman@nih .gov) by 5 pm on Wednesday April 15. We will then col late and distribute thecompleted spreadsheet to the Chairs for each of the themes and post it on the ICD SharePoint site . Theindividual proposals are imbedded in the pdf as folders sorted by theme. If you fee l your proposal wouldfit better with a different working group, please feel free to engage with them.We ask tha t, once the POCs have been have been ident ified, you quickly assemble to begin refining andsynergizing your proposa ls. Each Chair should coordinate with their group to develop a 2 page maxsummary of the theme's research, along with a single combined budget. The summary should integratethe IC proposals as much as possible; however, it is f ine (for valid/justifiable reasons) to describe a fewunique projects that fall under th e theme as well. That is, if they don't make sense to int egrate , youdon't have to, but please be sure to include them in the summary. These summaries should be sent toLarry and me (cc Jordan GI adman) by noon on April 20. We wil l build off these summaries to generate adocument for Francis' review, whic h we ultimately hope will be informative as we prepare for apotentia l fourth supplement.The ask in short :Best,• April 15 at 5 pm - send your POCs to Jordan, who will then distribute the completedspreadsheet to the chairs• April 20 at 12 pm - chairs to send a 2 page summary of their theme (with comb ined budget)Tara A. Schwetz, PhDActing Director, NINRAssociate Deputy Director, NIHA: Building 1, Room 13-8- --=-:,~ P: (b)(6) I M: (b)(6)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent : Thu, 16 Apr 2020 01:58:31 +0000To: Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [E)Cc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El;Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [El;Wolinetz, Carrie(NIH/OD) [El;Bur klow, John (NIH/O D) [El;Fine, Amanda (NIH/OD) [El;Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIA ID) [E];Billet,Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E];Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [El;Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: RE: FOR YOUR REVIEW: Draft ACTIV News ReleaseAttachments : OD_ACTIV_PPP _Release_ 4.15.2020 - with minor trac ked edits.docxLooks good. See my very minor t racked edits in attached document.Than ks,TonyFrom: Myles, Renate (NIH/OD) [El ------- (b)( > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 9:50 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Cc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) (El (b)( ; Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [El(b)(6) Wol inetz, Carrie (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6)•>; Burklow, John'":":"".".".""."':":-:-:-:-:-::-=====--=-=-:-=(NIH/OD) [El (b)(6); Fine, Amanda (NIH/OD) [El (b)( >; Lane, Cliff~======="'=r:.. (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6Ji; Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6J>; Stover,Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [El CbH >; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [El(b) (6) >Subject: FOR YOUR REVIEW: Draft ACTIV News ReleaseHi Dr. Fauci:Dr. Collins asked that I send the draft ACTIV release for you review.Best,RenateRenate Myles, MBADeputy Director for Public AffairsOffice of Communications and Public LiaisonNational Institutes of HealthTel: (b)(6)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent : Wed, 15 Apr 2020 22:26:51 +0000To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Cc: Greg Folkers (bH ;Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID)[E];Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID ) [CJSubject:Attachments:Patty:FW: AIRI Presents Dr. Fauci with 2020 Public Service AwardFauci 2020 AIRI Public Service Award Letter .pdfPlease put together (or have Kim do so) a letter of thanks, honor, and appreciation ... yadayada . So that they know I have received the lette r and look forward to receiving it at anappropriate tim e.Thanks,TonyFrom: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6)>Sent : Wednesday, April 15, 2020 4:54 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElCc: Tabak, Lawrence (NIH/OD) [El~======-~Subject: FW: AIRI Presents Dr. Fauci with 2020 Public Service AwardCong rats, Tony! Please try to take a minute to savor this. Or at least 15 seconds. QFrancisFrom: Parker, Nicole <Nicole@lewis -burke .com>Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 4:10 PM -----~~ To: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [E] (b)(6)>; Wolinetz, Carrie (NIH/OD) [E](b)(6) ; Hallett, Adrienne (NIH/OD) [El (b)(6) 1>; Lauer, Michael"('.N -"::l-"H:."/-':.0-'::-D::-):- -[:E-::::]- ;;:::::=====:::;.___., (ab~"~'(<6") >Cc: O'Hare, Libby <libby@lewis-burke.com >Subject: AIRI Presents Dr. Fauci with 2020 Public Service AwardGood Afternoon ,On the behalf of the Association of Independent Research Institutes (AIRI), I wanted to notify you thatAIRI has awarded Dr. Tony Fauci with its 2020 Public Service Award in recognition of his exemplaryleadership during the novel coronav irus pandemic. The AIRI Public Service Award is the highest honorawarded by our organ izat ion and we're very pleased to present th is award to Dr. Fauci. A list of pastawardees can be fo und here.Please see the official award letter attached and let us know any questions .Regards,Nicole Parker, Ph.D.AIRI Washington Office - lewis-Burke Associates, LLC440 1st Street NW Suite 700Washington, DC 20001202-289-7475Nicole@lewis-burke.comwww.lewis-burke.comDisclaimer: This message is intended only for the named recipient. If you are not the intended recipientyou are notified that disclosing, copying , distributing or taking any action in reliance on the contents of thisinformation is strictly prohibited.From:Se nt:To:Subject:Attachment s:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Wed, 15 Apr 2020 15:57:38 +0000Awwad, David (NIH/NIAID} [C]Threat assessment 4/14Total Fauck Up, Re: Finis Covid Opus, Re: Total Fauck Up, UntitledFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Wed, 15 Apr 2020 10:45:28 +0000Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC;Troye, Olivia EOP/NSCSubject: RE: Does G6PD Deficiency Relate to COVID-19 Infection? I Med Page TodayThe issue also comes up when people are on certain drugs.From: Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC- ---------- (b)(6)> Sent: Wed nesday, April 15, 2020 6:16 AMTo: Troye, Olivia EOP/NSC(b)(6)--------- (b)( ; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: Re: Does G6PD Deficiency Relate to COVID-19 Infection? I MedPage TodayThis one always comes up when we have differential responses to an infection --------- (bXS) PCP. - in HIV there are genetic links to better outcomes.From: "Troye , Nsc" Cb()6 )Date: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 at 11:03 PM ----------~ To: "Birx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC" ----------- CbH6J>",A nth ony Fauci [E]" (b) (6) >Subject: Does GGPD Deficiency Relate to COVID-19 Infection? I MedPage TodayFollow up article to some previous emails. Just wanted to send this your way.https://www.medpagetoday.com/infect iousdisease/covi d19/85929Olivia TroyeSpecial Advisor for Homeland Security and CounterterrorismOffice of the Vice PresidentWhite House Coronavirus Task ForceOffice: (b) (6)Mobile: -----(b)(6) (Does not receive texts)From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Attachments :Greg:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Wed, 15 Apr 2020 02:32:49 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E)Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIA ID) [El;Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElRE: ASF - here that proposed op-ed for you and Dr. Birx penned by VP officeBirx.Fauci Op-Ed clean - with Fauci tracke d changes.docxNice job. I have made a few edits that are tracked into the attached document. Pleaseaccept the changes and submit back to them.Thanks,TonyFrom: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) (El -------- (b) ( >Sent: Monday, April 13, 2020 4:06 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El --------- (b)(6) Subject: ASF - here that proposed op-ed for you and Dr. Birx penned by VP officeASF- ------------ CbH5> Please review if/when u have a chance. CI ea n vers ion and tracked version.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b) ( >Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 7:20 PM ------~= To: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)( >Cc: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6J>;C onrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: RE: ASF / FW: proposed op-ed for you and Dr. Birx?From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Sent : Wednesday, April 8, 2020 5:13 PM ------= = To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El 4 CbH6?>iSubject: ASF / FW: proposed op-ed for you and Dr. Birx?From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6J>(b) (5)From: Miller , Darin B. EOP/OVP- ---------- (b)(6) Sent : Tuesday, April 7, 2020 3:07 PM -------~~ To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] <-i -------- (b)( ; Billet, Courtney (NIH/ NIAID) [E] (b )( 6)Subject: Courtney, Patric ia - op-ed by Fauci/Birx?Hi Courtney and Patricia,Thanks!Darin Mi llerDeputy Press SecretaryDirector of Strategic CommunicationsOffice of the Vice President(b)(6)(b) (5)(b) (6). (b) (5)From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Wed, 15 Apr 2020 01:44:02 +0000To: Johnson, CarolynCc: Collins, Francis (NIH/OD) [El --------------- (b)(6JBillet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El;Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: RE: Washington PostAttachments: NIAID COVI0-19 Strategic Plan Final lOApril 2020.docxCarolyn:Thanks for the note. I understand that you will be hearing from Francis Collins on the PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP) that we have put together to comb ine the resources and assets ofind ust ry and the academic commu nity that is largely supported by NIH, particu larly NIAID in thecontext of COBID-19. It is the functional equiva lent of a National Strategy. We at NIAID and tosome extent othe r institutes are leveraging our vast clinical trials networks that we built forother infectious diseases, particularly, but not exclusive ly HIV/ AIDS, to provide the capacity toconduct clinic al tr ials (NIH-sponsored as well as industry -sponsored) for both vaccines andthe rapeutics fo r COVID-19. For your interest, I am attaching a copy (not yet released) of theNIAID Strategic Plan for COVID-19 Research. It is an outline that will be supplemented w ith animplementation plan.Best regards,TonyFrom: Johnson, Carolyn <Carolyn.Johnson@washpost.com>Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 10:23 ArvlTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El------- (=b)-.=.(.=6, )>Subject: Washington PostDear Tony,Is there a national strategy at the task force level to coordinate clinical research efforts nationally? Wehave heard lots of complaints that there isn't a national strategy. I talked to Cliff Lane about this, but wewant to give you the chance to respond.CarolynCarolyn JohnsonWashington Post202-334-6248 (desk)-----(b)(6) (cell)From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Wed, 15 Apr 2020 01:35:53 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: RE: Call with VP and Senators on Thursday 4/15I guess in person since I will have to be down there anywayFrom: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)( >Sent: Tuesday, Apr il 14, 2020 6:13 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/ NIAID) (E] (b)(6)Subject: FW: Call with VP and Senators on Thu rsday 4/15From: Edwards , Sara L. EOP/OVP ---------- (b) (6)>Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 4:43 PM ----------~~ To: McGuffee, Tyler Ann A. EOP/OVP (b)( ; Good-Cohn, Mered ith(CMS/OA) (b)(6)>; Shirley.Gathers (b)(6)(b) (5).,;_~~...:..!:======~;:----~- -"'."""':=========~ (b)(6); Amerau, Colin C LT USN JS J4 (USA) (b)(6) ,;Conrad, Pat ricia {NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6)>; Conrad, Patricia (NIH/ NIAID) [E)--------- (b)(6)>; Rom, Colin (FDA/OC) (b)(6)> Cc: Lankfo rd, Hannah A. EOP/OVP (b)( >Subject: Call with VP and Senators on Thursday 4/15Good afternoon,Vice President will be joining a call with Senate Democrats on Thursday April 16 at 1:00pm. The call willbe routed through the (b)(5) similar to last week 's call. Please have your principaldial into the (b) (5) at (b) (5) at 5 minutes prior to the start . They will be patched into the VicePresident and then together into the Senate calls.1PM-2PM Senate Demo cratic Caucus(b) (5lPlease confirm your principal Thursday 4/16phoneSecretary Steven Mnuchin, Department of the Treasury -by phoneAdministrator Seema Verm a, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services {CMS) - byDr. Anthony Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - by phoneDr. Stephen Hahn, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Food and Drug Administration -by phoneRear Admiral John Polowczyk, Vice Director for Logistics, J4 - by phoneAmbassador Debbie Birx, M.D., White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator - in-personThank you,Sara EdwardsOffice of the Vice PresidentFrom: (b)(6)Sent :To:Subject:Tue, 14 Apr 2020 13:55:46 -0400Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [E)Fwd: Dr. Fauci- FROM NBC4Attachments : image001.png , ATTOOOOl.htm, manuscript final draft revised.pdf,ATT00002.htmPlease check this out and respond as appropriate.Begin forwarded message:From: Melissa Moll et (b) < >Date: April 14, 2020 at 10:22:13 AM EDTTo: _____ (b)(6) , "Fauci, Anthony(NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6) , "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]"(bH6) >, "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]"'---~~-------- (b) (6) , Melissa Mollet (b) (6) "Mollet, Melissa (NBCUnive rsal, WRC)" <Melissa .Mollet @nbcuni.com> , Jeremy Schu lman<jschulman @schulmanbh.com >Subject: Dr. Fauci - FROM NBC4Hello Dr. Fauci,This is Melissa Mollet, reporter with NBC4 in Washington. I hope you are well -and safe - and are hanging in there during this unprecedented time. You have beendoing an incredible job.I know you 're ge tting a million emails, so my apo logies in advance. I really th inkthis information (attached and below) could help and I feel a re spon sibility to pass italong .There is an extremely promising COVID-19 therapy being used right now in Italy.The creator is a client o (b) (6) Bethesda law firm. The managing memberof that firm, Jeremy Schulman, is CC'd on this e-mail. The creator is willing to workwith the NIH to quickly bring his therapy to the U.S.Please reach out with any questions at all.Best-Melissa Molle tNBC Washington4001 Nebraska Avenue NWWashington, D.C. 20016-----(b)(6) (Cellular) Get Outlook for iOSFrom: Jake Schaller <jschaller@schulmanbh.com>Sent: Monday, April 13, 2020 5:36 PMTo: Mollet, Melissa {NBCUniversal, WRC)Subject : [EXTERNAL] Therapy for COVID-19; Results of Trial in ItalyMelissa,I wanted to expand a bit on the COVID-19 therapy I mentioned and provide someinformation about the man who is developing it . Hoping that you can get this into the righthands, as it seems like a very promising lead in this fight .The therapy, invented by Professor Claudio De Simone, has shown extremely encouragingresults in a preliminary trial at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University "La Sapienza"in Rome, Italy . Professor De Simone convinced the doctors there to start a trial on patientsaffected by COVID-19. Considering the excellent results obtained, the number of patientsenrolled is increasing day after day. Our firm became aware of these results directly fromProfessor De Simone, who has been a client of our managing partner, Jeremy Schulman,since 2015.The formulation employed in these patients at the La Sapienza Infectious Diseases Clinic ismanufactured in France and known as "SIVOMIXX." The product is a specialized blend ofeight different freeze-dried bacteria with considerable ant iviral and anti-inflammatoryactivity. Patients admitted to the clinic at La Sapienza, presenting as positive for COVID-19and with the typical symptoms of the disease, are being treated by oral bacteriotherapyutilizing SIVOMIXX. In each case, SIVOMIXX administration was followed by a dramaticimprovement in their conditions. The key takeaways are that use of SIVOMIXX correlatedwith fewer deaths (zero in the treated group), fewer patients transferred to the ICU, and adramatically reduced risk of patient intubations . The sponsors of the trial using SIVOMIXXare now beginning to enroll patients with severe cases who have been admitted to the ICU.Attached to this email is a confidential dossier about the SIVOMIXX product and asummary of the ongoing study. Upon request, I am also able to send you an Excel filecontaining the raw data from the study, so NIH can review them, with the understandingthat this should be treated as "highly confidential." Since the clinical tria l is continuing inItaly, we expect to have results covering additional patients on a rolling basis. Theresearchers conducting the study intend to publish their results in the coming weeks.However, considering the pandemic and the lack of effective treatment options, we wantto make NIH aware of Professor De Simone's therapy without any delay.SIVOMIXX is a relatively new formulation developed by Professor De Simone, currently inlimited commercial production at a manufacturing facility in France. Professor De Simonehas sufficient supply available to utilize with 100-150 COVID-19 patients immediately.Professor De Simone could, on his own, arrange a small-scale supply to use with hundredsof additional patients in the United States. He is willing to provide his current inventory ofthe product to the United States government. He expects that the Trump administrationcould quickly confirm the efficacy of SIVOMIXX to significantly improve symptoms ofCOVID-19 and reduce the duration of patient hospital stays. After that , Professor DeSimone is willing to collaborate with the administration to bring a large-scale production ofSIVOMIXX for use throughout the United States, Italy (where he was born), andSwitzerland (where he lives). Professor De Simone already has ongoing partnerships with anumber of manufacturing companies, including one in the United States, for theproduction of another one of his produc ts (Visbiome, referenced below). With appropr iateguidance and instruction from the Trump administration, we believe the U.S.manufacturing companies could re-tool to produce SIVOMIXX on a large scale withinseveral weeks .Professor De Simone (more information about him below) and Jeremy will do whatever ittakes to bring this critical therapy to as many Americans as possible on an urgent basis.Jeremy can be reached at anytime on his cell phone - (b)(6)Thanks so much for passing this on.Best,JakeAbout Professor De Simone. Professor De Simone is a world-renowned expert ingastroenterology and the inventor of several highly successful probiotic medical foods.Until 2010, he was an Associate Professor for the Infectious Diseases Group at theDepartment of Medicine and Surgery of the University of L'Aquila, Italy. Subsequently, hewas appointed Head of the Infectious Disease Department and Director of the AIDSCoordinat ion Group of the Abruzzi region, Italy. He is currently a retired Professor ofInternal Medicine, still collaborating with the University, and a Fellow of the AmericanGastroenterology Association. Professor De Simone's research specialt ies have been in thefields of immuno -pathogenesis of infectious diseases. He has published the results of hisresearch activities in over 200 scientific articles, reviews, case reports, and book chapt ers.Professor De Simone is both a researcher and a medical practitioner. He tests hislaboratory hypotheses in the university hospital clinic on patients with serious diseases. Hewas responsible for controlling the AIDS pandemic in Italy's Abruzzi region in the 1990's.Products developed according to Professor De Simone's know-how have shown positiveresults in patients with serious diseases. One of his signature formulations , known as the"De Simone Formulation," is now sold in the United States as "Vi sbiome ." The De SimoneFormulation has been the subject of more than 70 published human clinical trialsdemonstrating its efficacy in managing severe gastrointestinal symptoms from suchdiseases as ulcerative colit is, pouchitis, and liver diseases. Concerning pouchitis, the DeSimone Formulation is recognized by the world's professional gastroenterology societies asa "standard of care," an achievement that no other probiotic substance previously hasattained. The De Simone Formulation became the "gold standard" in its therapeu tic class.Its role in patient care has been endorsed in the guidelines published by the AmericanGastroenterology Association ("AGA"), the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization("ECCO"), and the British Society of Gastroenterology, as well as in the New EnglandJournal of Medicine .SCHULBMHANTTACHARYA
James "Jake" SchallerAttorneyj schaller@schulmanbh.comwww.SchulmanBH.comDirect: (240) 356-9508Cell: Cb(>6)Main Office:The Clark Building7500 Old Georgetown Road, Suite 901Bethesda, Maryland 20814Receptioni st: (240) 356-8550Fax: (240) 356-8558Bio-Tech Corridor Office:The GSK Building14200 Shady Grove Road, Suite 600Rockville, Maryland 20850The informa tion contained in this electronic message and any attached documentsmay be privileged, confident ial, and protected from disclosure . If you are not theintended recipient, please note that any review, disclosure, copying, distribution, oruse of the contents of this electronic message or any attached documents isprohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please destroy it andnotify us immediately by telephone (240-356-8550 ) or by electronic mail to thesender of this email. Thank you.Internal Revenue Service Circular 230 Disclosure: Schulman Bhattacharya , LLCdoes not provide tax advic e. In comp liance with IRS requir ements, you are onnotice that any advice contained in th is communication (including any attachments)is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i)avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing orrecommending to another party, for tax purposes, any transaction or matteraddressed herein.From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:All the best, MikeFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Tue, 14 Apr 202016:15:32 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C]FW: Mike Milken new Podcast Series: COVID-19 - will you join me as my guest?What do you think? Let us discuss.From: Michael Milken (mmilken@knowledgeu.com) <mmilken@knowledgeu.com>Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2020 5:16 AM ------ ~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)>Cc: Billie Griffin (bgriffin@knowledgeu.com) <bgriffin@knowledgeu.com>; Katie Dinsmore(kdinsmore@knowledgeu.com) <kdinsmore@knowledgeu.com>Subject: Mike Milken new Podcast Series: COVID-19 - will you join me as my guest? All the best, MikeDear Tony , I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to see if you had a few minutes to talkover the next few weeks. I recently began hosting a daily podcast that focuses on the COVID-19pandemic and responses from thought leaders across industries - I would like for you to joinme as my guest. I have also reached out to Hugh Auchincloss as well but still waiting to hear.Our guests so far include Francis Collins, Alex Gorsky, David Baltimore(Nobe/ Laureate}, JimAllison(Nobe/ Laureate)/Pam Sharma, Jo Ann Jenkins, Eric Schmidt, Rod Hochman, Carmine DiSibio, Arie Belldegrun, Peggy Hamburg, Rodney McMullen, Bruce Broussard, Vas Narasimhan ,Joe Tsai, Steve Ballmer, Jeff Skoll, Sue Desmond-Hellmann, Rob Manfred, Judy Faulkner, BobBradway, Tai Zaks, Ray Dalio, David Solomon, Barbara Humpton, Dr. Steven Rosenberg, Dr.Richard Stone, Dr. Kurt Newman, Vivek Ramaswamy, Francis deSouzaI record the interviews on Mondays, Wednesdays-Fridays start ing at 7:30 a.m. Pacific/10 :30a.m. Eastern. Each episode will last 10-20 minutes . Our team would get you set-up to joinremotely by phone.The inte rviews are available on the Milken Inst itute website as well as on Spotify and ApplePod casts .. I opened up the series with Francis Collins a few weeks ago, click here to have alisten.If you're interested in joining me, my team (copied) will circle back to you with another emaildetailing the subject matter and technical informat ion.Please stay safe & healthy.All the best,MikeFrom:Sent:To:(b)(6)Tue, 14 Apr 202010 :32:21-0 400Tengiz TsertsvadzeSubject: Re: US-Georgia biomedical collaborationTengiz:Thank you for your kind note. I am pleased to see that Georgia has controlled the outbreakvery well. Stay well.Best regards,TonyOn Apr 14, 2020 , at 10:24 AM, Tengiz Tsertsvadze -------- (b)(6,)>wrote:Dear Dr. Fauci,I am writing this letter on behalf of the community of infectious diseases specialistsof Georgia to express our deepest respect to you. I recall with great pleasure all ourprevious meetings, espec ially the last one in 2017 , when 1, together with my teammembers , had an opportunity to visit you at NIH.We are grateful to you and your team for the most important contribution toestablishing US-Georgia biomedical collaboration that significantly increased ourcountry's research and practical capacities. Your personal role in combat ing HIVand other emerging epidemics such as SARS, MERS, Zika, Ebola, canno t beoverestimated. I am confident that your leading role in this fight against COVID-19will be crucial for defeating the pandemic not only in the United States, but aroundthe globe.We close ly follow your briefings and interviews on COVID-19 (including recentvery interesting convers ation with Dr. Howard Bauchner at JAMA) and as alwaysyour views are very apt and to the point. We fully agree that the approaches yousuggest are the most effective way to defeat the pandemic. Most importantly yourrecomme ndations are applicable not only to the United States, but to other countriesas well and we eagerly take them into consideration while planning our strategieshere in my country of Georgia .I would like to use this opportunity to update you on COVID-19 situation in myhome countty of Georgia : The country quickly responded to this threat fu st bystopping flights with China in January, followed by more strict measures after thefirst case was diagnosed on February 26. These measures included nationallockdown , active contact tracing, isolation and quarantine . The Government ofGeorgia appointed me to lead the Nat ional Committee on the clin ical managementof COVID-19. Our effort to contain the spread of the virus had been effective so farwith 296 cases of COVID-19 and 3 lethal cases reported up to now.We are impatiently awaiting results of vaccine and therapeutic trials supported byNIAJD, which I am confident will help to defeat this pandemic disease . On our side,Georgia is committed to make its modest but important contrib ution to the globalefforts.Sincerely,Tengiz Tsertsvadze , MD, PhDDirector General , Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clin ical Immunology ResearchCenterProfessor of Medicine , I vane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University<photo.jpg>From:Sent :To:Subject:responseAttachments:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Tue, 14 Apr 2020 03:29:04 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/NIAID) [E]FW: Covid-19 logical treatment strategy based on patient's immunologicalMEDRXIV-2020-058420v1-Gali Filho.pdfFrom: Julio Gali (b)(6)Sent: Monday, April 13, 2020 12:34 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]-------= (b-):(=-6)Subject: Covid-19 logical treatment strategy based on patient's immunological responseGood afternoon Dr. Anthony Fauci.After reading a lot of papers and studying basic science we have elaborated a treatmentapproach to the disease.(b)(4)Julio C. Gali Filho, MDResearch and Development, JJMED, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil(b)(6)(b)(6)Julio C. Gali , MD, PhDDepartment of OrthopaedicsFaculty of Medical Science and HealthCatholic University of Sao PauloSorocaba/SP- Brazil(b)(6)(b)(6)(b) (4)From:Sent :To:Subject:Fred:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Tue, 14 Apr 2020 02:13:45 +0000Hiatt, FredRE: fred checking inThank you for you kind note. Am glad to hear that Joe is working on COVID-19. We need allthe brightest minds we can get on th is problem. Stay safe and well.Best regardsTonyFrom: Hiatt, Fred <fred .hiatt@washpost .com>TSoen: tF:a Mucoin, Adanyth, oAnpyr il( N1I3H, /N20IA2I0D )2 :3[E0] --PM-- -------------=-(-b):(6-) = Subject: fred checking inTony,I haven't wanted to bother you, but wanted to say thanks for all you are doing, and hope you are at leastto a small extent finding a way to take care of yourself .H is hard at work at (b)(6)on a couple of coronavirus projects, so we're counting on him.Of course any time you want to write something, our page is available.Warmly,FredFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElTue, 14 Apr 2020 02:03:49 +0000Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [ElCc: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E];Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD);Birx, Deborah L.EOP/NSCSubject: RE: Support for a "U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps"Great idea!!From: Glass, Roger (NIH/Fie) (E] ------- (b) (6)>Sent : Monday, April 13, 2020 12:50 PM ------ --~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6),_;_:....;;.=:::===,~~"""."".".'~ Cc: Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [El_ _____ C_~b< >; Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/Fl() [E](b) (6) >Subject: Support for a "U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps"Hi Tony,Greet ings from --------------------- (b)(6)It's been good to see all the calls for ramping up a public health workforce to manage contact tracingand other aspects of the second phase of the response. I wanted to let you know that Peter Kilmarx hasbeen calling for the formation of a "U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps" since March 21 (unrelated to NIHwork). FEMA could hire thousands of tempo rary workers quickly with existing authorities and funding.CDC could provide training and technical assistance. The workforce would be deployed to and managedby state and local health departments at their request. There's a lot of enthusiasm for this from JeffDuchin in Seattle, to Tom Frieden, CSIS, ASTHO, and 40 members of Congress (bicameral, bipartisan)who sent a letter to FEMA asking them to do this. The 7,000+ recently evacuated Peace Corpsvolunteers could be one recruiting source. Anoth er approach is for CDC to fund state and localauthorities for those who are able to hire at this speed and scale. There's more information in the stringbelow.This workforce issue is now such a critical part of the response, I wanted to share with you whatwe've learned and offer to help in any way.Tony, all of NIH is so proud of your leadership and rooting for you to get this outbreak under control.Please keep up fight and let us know if and how we can help.Warm wishes,RogerFrom: Kilmarx, Peter {NIH/FIC) [E]Sent: Monday, April 13, 2020 8:45 AMTo: 'Conover, Craig' (b)(6) 'Angela Dunn' (b)(6) 'CindyBurnett' -------(b)(6J>; 'Duchin, Jeff' ---------- (b)(6Ji>;'S tephen Morrison'(b)(6)l>; 'John Monahan '!(b)(~>; 'Jeremy Konyndyk I(b)(<> ~>; 'Rebecca Katz'((b)(6)]>; 'Glenn Blumhorst' I(b)(6)j>; 'Charles Holm es'(b)(~'(b)(6)j; 'Tom Ingles by'(b) <6>t>G; lass, Roger ( NIH/FIC) [El(b)(6)j>; 'Marcus Plescia' I (b)(6>;>; 'Vanessa Kerry'(b)(6)Jg>; 'Kenyon, Thomas'(b)(6)l>; 'Scott Dowell' !(b) (6)); 'suzannemarks@me.com '(b)(6)j>; 'Anna Carro 11'(b)(6l>; 'Jonathan Pearso n'(b)(6)jEileen'! (b)(6)]>; 'Myers, Michael' ! (b)(6)]>; 'Robyn>; 'O'Connor,n Leidig'(b)(6)j>; 'Ariel Pablos'I (b)(~; 'Gavin Varney'(b) (6)J>; 'Jody Olsen' I (b) <6~>; Bialy, Kevin ( NI H/FIC) [E] r (bH6)j>; 'John Auerbach' .r- (bT(lih; Brooks, John T.(CDC/00I0/NCHHSTP/DHPSE)I (bH6>i>';D ara Lieberman ' ! (b)( 6)>; DavidGittelman I (b)(li);>Subject: RE: COVID-19 Response CorpsHi all,Updates:1. Johns Hopkins and ASTHO released "A National Plan to Enable Comprehensive COVID-19 CaseFinding and Contact Tracing in the U.S." calling for 100,000 contact tracers . (Kudos!) "Potentialworkforce recruits may include ... Peace Corps members. 11http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs archive/pubs-pdfs/2020/a-nationalplan-to-enable-comprehens ive-COVI 0-19-case-fi nd ing-a nd-contact-tracing-i n-the-US. pdf2. WaPo article : "A plan to defeat coronavirus finally emerges, but it's not from the White House"covers the JHU/ASTHO plan and notes: "Experts [CSIS] have proposed transforming the PeaceCorps into a nat ional response corps that could perform many tasks, including contact t racing."(Not quite accurate. Peace Corps would be unchanged, but the evacuated volunteers would behired into COVI0-19 response.j3. NY Times editorial from Tom Frieden calls for a "giant public health effort ." "Recruits couldinclude Peace Corps volunteers who were brought home when the pandemic spread."https:l/www.nytimes.com/2020/04/12/opinion/cdc-coronavirus.html4. Bill introduced by Sens. Susan Collins (R-ME), Chris Murphy (D-CT) and Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)would require federal agencies and departments facing special hiring needs during thepandemic to establish a process to expedite hiring of returned Peace Corps volunteershttps ://riponadva n ce. com/stories/ col I ins-bi pa rtisa n-bill-wou ld-e nsu re-benefi ts-for-evacuatedpeace-corps-vol unteers/5. From March 29: Policy report from former FDA Commissioners Scott Gottlieb and MarkMcClellan calls for "massively" scaling contact tracing. "Surge the existing public-healthworkforce to conduct case finding and contact tracing." https;//www.aei.org/researchproducts/report/na t ional-coronavirus-response-a-road -map-to-reopening/6. Mark McClellan responded to my email yesterday: "I'd suggest adding outreach to mayors andcounty execs if that hasn't happened yet. They are really on the front lines for this next phase."7. I understand legislation is in the works, but don't have details.8. No news from FEMA or indicat ion to my knowledge that they are planning a substantial rampingup of staffing.9. A key limitation on the impact of contact tracing will be the relative importance ofasymptomatic spread.10. A note on serology: The current U.S. cumulative incidence is 0.169%. The specificity of FDA EUACellex test is 95.6%. Not accounting for undiagnosed cases, Positive Predictive Value is only3.5%. If underdiagnosis is 10:1, the PPV is sti ll only 26.8%. Will be higher in higher-riskindividuals, of course.Any other updates please send to me.Advocacy needed for scaling up public hea lth work force especially with governors and mayors.PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E)Sent : Friday, April 10, 2020 1:53 PMTo: 'Conover, Craig'( (b)(6J;>; 'Angela Dunn' !Burnett' ( (b) C6J i>; 'Duch in, Jeff(b)(6);>; 'John Monahan '(Cb) (6)}; 'Jeremy Konyndyk rCbH6)j>';R ebecca Katz'I(b)(6)1>; 'Glenn Blumhorst' I(b) (6)\; 'Cindyrison'es'(b)(6),>; 'Stephen Mor(b)(6)]>; 'Charles Holm(b)(6)j)'CbH6)}'T; om Ingles by'(b)(6):>; Glass, Roger (N IH/FIC) [E](b)(6Ji; 'Marcus Plescia' I (b)(6)t>; 'Vanessa Kerry'(b)(6)1>; 'Kenyon, Thomas'!(b)(6)J>; 'Scott Dowell'r(b) (6)1>; 'suzannemarks@me.com '(b)(6)}>; 'Myers, Michael' r(b)(6)h; 'Ariel Pablos'f(b)(6)}; 'Anna Carrol I'(b)(6)j; 'Jonathan Pears on'(b) (6)>] ; 'O'Connor,(b)(6) Leidig' 1>; 'Robynn(b)(6)}; 'Gavin Varney'(b)(6)j>; 'Jody Olsen' I (b)(6)1>; Bialy, Kevin (NIH/FIC) [E]CbH6)}'J; ohn Auerbach' I (b) (6Jf;B rooks, John T.(CDC/OO1O/NCHHSTP/DHPS)IE (b)(~; 'Dara Lieberman ' (Subject: RE: COVID-19 Response Corps+ John Auerbach, president and CEO ofTrust for America's HealthThanks all for the robust discussion. Some updates:(b) (6)j >1. ASTHO sent the attached memo to Congress today RE: Contact Tracing Workforce calling for"flexible long term and emergency supplemental funding to expand the .. . contact t racingworkforce" at state, local, and related levels. It recommends against using FEMA for hiring.ASTHO notes tha t currently there are only 2,200 DIS nationw ide while JHU estimates that100,000 contact tracing employees are needed to address COVID-19 in the immediate future.The memo mainly calls for 1) $3.6 B emergency funding through the CDC Crisis CooperativeAgreement to eligible jurisdictions, plus 2) a $4.5 B annual Public Health Infrastructure Fund.2. Resolve to Save Lives (Tom Frieden) is advocating for CDC to have the needed authority andpolitical support to provide tra ining, systems, and technical expertise, while the CDC Foundationand ASTHO provide staffing through direct assistance to health departments .3. CDC could support curriculum development and training through the National Network of STDClinical Prevention Training Centers https://nnptc .org/ and/or TB Centers of Excellencehttps://www.cdc.gov/tb/ education/tb coe/defau lt .htmMy take: We share the goal of rapid ly and substantially ramping up the public health workforce andshould emphasize that message. It would be very challenging for any of these potential approaches toreach 100,000 in the short term. I don't have any special allegiance to FEMA, but their traditional role inemergency response is quickly hiring many thousands of workers. They are hiring now, but not at thisspeed and scale. CDC and FEMA should have an MOU through which FEMA can hire staff and detail toCDC, but they don't seem to be pursuing. One model could be FEMA detailing staff to state and localauthorities to manage the hiring process. FEMA is proud of their ability to get people from "door todesk" in one week. This would not be "federalizing" contact tracing or other public health activities. Inall cases, the invitations and the oversight wou ld come from the state and local authorities, who arebest able to decide what mechan ism(s) work for them. Lastly, this concept includes more than contacttr acing. Congresswoman Susan Brooks (R-IN) in her podcast Wednesday noted that the state 211 callline has gone from 2,000 to 25,000-35,000 calls per day. So this concept would still have a role even ifnot direct public health functions .Thanks,PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]Sent: Friday, April 10, 2020 8:05 AMTo: Conover, Craig <f (b)(6J,>; Angela Dunn <f (b) (6)); Cindy BurnettCbH6)]>;D uchin, Jeff Cb)( 6))>;S tephen MorrisonCbH6))>J;o hn Monahan ( (b)(6)j_>C; harles Holm es(b) (6)}>; Jeremy Konyndyk I (b) (6)))(b) (6)]; Rebecca Katz I (b)(6)1>; Tom Ingles byCbH6))>G; lenn Blumhors t l CbH6>>i; Glass, Roger (N IH/FIC) [E)CbH(i)J>M; arcus Plescia CbH6)j>;V anessa KerryCbH6))>; Kenyon, Thomas [(b)(<>Jt>S;c ott Dowell !(b)(6)j;[Cb)( 6)]>; Myers, MichaelCbH6))>; Ariel Pablosr(b)(6)]>; Jody Olsen!(b) (6)]>CbH6))A; nna Carr ollCbH6l>;J onathan Pear sonCb()6 ));O 'Connor, Eileen(b)(~>; Robynn Leidi gCbH6))>G; avin YameyCbH6))>; Bialy, Kevin (NIH/FIC) [ESubject: COVID-19 Response Corps - CDC calling for public health armyThanks Craig. This NEJM article is main ly about heath care workers, but does mention ot her roles insocial support.Important development : CDC's Bob Redfield is calling for a publ ic health army for contact tracing afterthis acute phase:https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/10/831200054/cdc-director-very-aggressivecontact-tracing -needed-for -u-s-to-return-to -normalIt turns out that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been working on a plan to allow theU.S. to safely begin to scale back those policies . CDC Director Robert Redfield spoke with NPR onThursday, saying that the plan relies on not only ramped -up testing but "very aggressive" contact tracingof those who do test positive for the corona virus, and a maj or scale-up of personnel to do the necessarywork.I'm not sure CDC has the authority, capacity, or politica l support to hire an army at this t ime. This is at radit ional FEMA role. CDC can prov ide train ing and technical assistance.PKFrom: Conover, Craig ________ Cb _H_6)Se nt: Friday, April 10, 2020 7:27 AMTo: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]1 (b)(6),>; Angela Dunn1 (b)(ij >; CindyBurnett ( CbH6)]>; Duch in, Jeff I Cb)<~ >; Stephen MorrisonCbH61>) ; John Monaha n <Jr Cb()6 );] Charles Holmes(b)(6)J; Jeremy Konyndyk I (b)(6>: )(b) (6)]; Rebecca Katz I (b)(6)1>; Tom lnglesby(b)(6)]; Glenn Blumhors tl (b)(6)]>; Glass, Roger {NIH/Fl C) [ElCbH6)]; Marcus Plescia( (b)(6)j>; Vanessa KerryCb)( 6)>] ; Kenyon, Thoma s! CbH6)>] ; Anna CarrollCb()6 );] Scott Dowell (b)(6)]>; Jonathan PearsonCbH6)] O'Connor, Eileen(b)(6)J>; Myers, Michae l I CbH6l>; Robynn LeidigCb()6 )1>; Ariel Pablos r CbH6)]>; Gavin Yamey(b) (6)]Subject: NEJM- ensuring and sustai ning a pandemic workforceattachedFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E] _______ CbH_6)>Sent: Wed nesday, April 8, 2020 5:53 PMTo: Conover, Craig( (b)(6), ; Angela Dunn I Cb)C6)]; Ci ndy BurnettCbH6)]>; Duchin, Jeff ( (b)(6)>; Stephen Morrison(b)(6)]>; John Monaha n( (b)(6))>; Charles HolmesCb)( 6)1>; Jeremy Konyndyk r (b) (6)])(b) (~ >; Rebecca Katz I (b)( 6)1>; Tom lnglesby(b)(6)1>; Glenn Blumhors tl (b)(~ >; Glass, Roger (NI H/FIC) [El(b)(6)]>; Marcus Plescia! (b) (6)]>; Vanessa KerryCbH6)]>; Kenyon, Thomas !(b) (6h ; Scott DowellEileen( Cb)(6 )]; Mye rs, Michael ICbH6)]>; Ariel Pablosl(b) (6)1>Subject : [Extern al] RE: UPDATE: COVI0-19 Response CorpsWelcome Marcus Plescia, chief medical officer of ASTHO!Updates:CbH6)]>; Anna CarrollCbH6>>:; Jonathan Pearson(b) (6)j O'Connor,CbH6)]>; Robynn Le idigCbH6)]>; Gavin Yamey1. CSIS podcast "Coronavirus Crisis Update" with Congresswoman Susan Brooks (R-IN). Shecosigned the CSIS OpEd with Ami Bera on the CRC and opens the episode with a discussion ofengaging the returned Peace Corps volunteers httos://www.csis.org/oodcasts/takedirected/coronavirus-crisis-update-hunker-down-hoosiers -congresswoman-susan-brooks (This isa great series by the way.)2. On Mar 27, 2020, Congressman Mike Quigley (D-IL-05) introduced the Mobilizing America toHelp Act, "which would direct President Trump to invoke his existing authority to detail PeaceCorps volunteers who have returned to the US from their posts, to the Federal EmergencyManagement Agency (FEMA) to support emergency relief in the wake of COVID-19."https:l/guigley.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/guigley-urges-trump-assign-peacecorps-volunteers-covid-19-emergency3. Baltimore Sun column DAN RODRICKSA, PR 03, 2020, "Put Peace Corps volunteers to work onU.S. soil to fight COVID-19": https://www.baltimoresun.com/op inion/co lumnists/danrodricks/bs-md-rodricks-0405-20200403-viqbgjhwsnhe3fuqzy72nfcsoe-story.html4. Good conversations with Marcus @ASTHO and others today. Important to emphasize that stateand local authorities have the lead. This would not be "federaliz ing" the response. It would bemaking federal employees available by request to integ rate in state- and local-led activities.Some will welcome the extra hands. Some will prefer to have funding to do their own hiring.Paying salaries of state employees at risk for furlough to work on COVID-19 will make a lot ofsense, but won't be enough. Need a menu of options .5. Many concepts and plans for public health and social response are being circulated. All of themwill need an expanded workforce.Outreach:6. I'm in touch with someone in Adam Boehler's office . Other outreach welcome.7. I emailed Peggy Hamburg. No reply yet. Other outreach welcome.8. Anyone who can contact Scott Gottlieb?9. Here again is Monday's list: NGA and individual governors. Republicans who will be mostinterested and helpful are Baker {MA), DeWine (OH) and Hogan (MD). Democrats: Cuomo,Pritzker, Newsom, Whitmer, lnslee. AMA, ASTHO (done), APHA all good potential championsPlease amplify these links on social media.Other updates and suggestions welcome as always. Send to me and I can send to others in a digest toreduce email traffic.Thanks,PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E)Sent: Tuesday, April 7, 2020 8:19 AMTo: 'Conover, Craig'< (b)(6)>; 'Angela Dunn' (b)(6) 'Cindy-B-u-rn-e=tt' =~~;--:-:--(b-):(6-)>-; -'-Duchin-,- J-e-ff= =======~~:-("b) ( >; Stephen Morrison (b)(6J_>; 'John Monahan' (b)(6J t>; 'Charles Holmes'(b)(6b; 'Jeremy Konyndyk (b)(6)' =======~~-:--~- (b )( 6), ; 'Rebecca Katz' (b)(6); 'Tom lnglesby' ---======~~----:- _.!:=========~~- ' -------(b)(6)>; 'Glenn Blumhorst' (b)(6J>; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) (E]...:======(b)(=6)=1>; ='Va-n.e;s.s.a. .K,e:r-ry:' -"-":---=- :-:-:--.:===(b)=(6)=· 'K=en=yo:n~, T;-ho'.m"a:s''" ""' (b)(6); 'Anna Carroll' (b)( >; 'Scott Dowell'CbH6)>; 'Jonathan Pearson' ---~:-:":""-:.=====Cb=H6=)>;= -.=..-;,-= ----~~-===:!.=====:=~~""C"bH.6"); "'O-'Con_no.r,. .E:i_le_e n '. .!:::=====:=.~(b)(~6) -- (b)(6)'Myers, Michael' (b)(6)>; 'R_oby:n.n. L_eid_ig.' ....:::..::=~~-(b-)( -->; -'A-rie-l Pa b Io s' (b)(6)>; 'Gavin Varney' (b)( >Subject: UPDATE: COVID-19 Response Corps - FEMA challengesHere's a report about a challenge I didn't see until this morning. I don't know if grants to state and localauthorities would be quicker than federal hiring by FEMA. Either way, the workforce is needed, but willtake longer than one would like.https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/03/climate/fema-staff-s hortage -coronavirus.htmlFEMA, Racing to Provide Virus Reliet Is Running Short on Front-Line StaffWASHINGTON - The Federal Emergency Management Agency, the office leading the federalgovernment's coronavirus response nationwide, is running short of employees who are trained in someof its most important front -line jobs, according to interviews with current and former officials.At the same time, the agency has been forced to halt a major hiring initiative, and has closed trainingfacilities to avoid spreading the infection.The number of available personnel who are qualified to lead field operations has fallen to 19 from 44 inless than six weeks, and staff members have been pulled from responding to other disasters, but trainingcenters in Maryland and Alabama have been shuttered until mid-May. In addition, an effort to recruitnew employees called "Harness" is on hold, according to a senior administration official with directknowledge of FEMA's operations . ...Craig Fugate, who ran the agency during the Obama administration, said FEMA's ability to deployenough people was a significant challenge. "Can it be done? Yeah," Mr. Fugate said. "Will it be pretty?No."From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E)Sent : Monday, April 6, 2020 5:22 PM_T_o_: C_o nover,; _C_r_a;ig~ ~~-:--""".""'"'::-:-=(=b)=(6=) ,>~; .A..n.g.:e:l:a.. .D ..u.n._ n, ~~--:--""""'.""~"("b):("6)'>";" -Cindy Burnett(b)(6); Duchin, Jeff (b)(6); Stephen Morrison =====~~:;--" --:;:::::::=========~=~ (b)(6)>; John Monahan (b)(6); Charles Holmes(b)(6) >; Jeremy Konyndyk (b)(6) ...:========-~~-=--:--- (b)( >; Rebecca Katz (b)(6) Tom lnglesby =====~~-':""".""' --!============:~~ ===== (b=)~(6~) >,;;, Glenn Blumhors t Cb)( ; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E)(b)(6); Vanessa Kerry (b)(6)>; Kenyon, Thomas :'.i========~~ ----:-:.:::::=======:~;--- (b )( 6) >; Anna Carroll (b)( >; Scott Dowell...:::======~~;-:-:C-b:)( 6-)>-;- Jonathan Pearson ========~(b)( 6) O'Connor, Eileen: =========(b=)(6:)>:; ,~My; e,r.s, Michael (b)( >; Robynn Leidig (b)(6) Ariel Pablos =====~~ ........ (b)(6)>; Gavin Varney (b)( _______ _,Subject: NEWS: Bera-Brooks OpEd published in support of COVID-19 Response Corps(b)(6)Welcome Vanessa Kerry!Welcome Ariel Pablos-Mendez!Welcome Gavin Yamey!Hi all,1. The OpEd is out on the CSIS website: https://www.csis.org/analysis/covid-19-response-corpscan-help -stop-pandemic It is co-authored by Congresswoman Susan Brooks (R-IN) andCongressman Ami Bera (D-CA), members of the CSIS Commission on Strengthening America'sHealth Security. Thanks very much to Steve Morrison for making this happen.2. Here's the link to the press release on the 40-member letter to FEMA, Peace Corps, and CNCSfrom Senator Van Hollen:a. https ://www. vanhol len .senate.gov /news/press-releases/ sen-van-hol len-rep-ph ill ips-1e ad -bi pa rti san -bicam era 1-e1t ters- in -su pp ort-of-pea ce-co rps-am e ri co rps-volunteersb. Includes link to letter:vanhollen.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Peace%20Corps%20covid19%20service%20opportunties%201etter%2004.02.20.pdfWith this new, bipart isan OpEd, it's time to reach out to national, state and local author ities andopinion leaders to encourage implem entati on and create demand. Suggestions from one of us: NGAand individual governors. Republicans who will be most interested and helpful are Baker (MA), DeWine(OH) and Hogan (MD). Democrats: Cuomo, Pritzker, Newsom, Whitmer , lnslee . AMA, ASTHO, APHA allgood potential champions .Please also amplify on socia l media.Updates and suggestions welcome as always.PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]Sent: Sunday, April 5, 2020 8:45 AMTo: Conover, Craig( CbH6)]A; ngela Dunn I (b)(6)]; Cindy Burnett(b)(6); Duch in, Jeff <f (b)(6);>; Stephen MorrisonCb)( 6}]J;o hn Monahan I (b)(6)J>; Charles Holm es(b)(6)J>; Jeremy Konyndyk ~ (b) (6),)(b) (~>; Rebecca Katz I (b)(~>; Tom Ingle sby(b) (6}]_>G; lenn Blumhors t q (b)(6) 1>; Glass, Roger (N IH/Fie) [E)Cb)< 6>Ki;e nyon, Thomas I (b)(~ Anna CarrollCb)( 6);>; Scott Dowell CbH6):>J; onathan Pear sonCbH6l;) O'Connor, Eileen(b)(6)l>; Myers, Michael I Cb)( 6)1;R obynn Leidi g(b)(~ >Subject: UPDATES: Next steps on COVID-19 Response CorpsThanks all for our call Friday. {Glenn, Jonathan, Craig, Jeremy, Roger, Anna, Suzanne, Eileen, Michi2iel.)A few items from the call:• Jonathan reported Sen Markey's office working on legislation for 10,000+ (?) responseworkforce• Michael reported positive response from National Governors Association• Eileen reaching out to Tom Bossert. Adam Boehler not yet . Shared Op Ed in WSJ emphasizingtest ing - https://www.wsi.com/articles/testing-is-ou r-way-out-11585869705• Jeremy has an OpEd in Daily Beast with Beth Cameron -https://www.thedailybeast.com/coronavirus-shows-we-need -an-apollo-project-for-publichealth• Craig in touch with Durbin's office. IL has ongoing need for large workforce. Much easier to getstaff from feds. Slower to hire at state level. MA implementing 1,000-person contact tracingeffort.• John in touch with Pelosi's office, Delaura, Conf of Mayors, League of Cities.• Other potential champions -AST HO, APHA, Josh Scharfstein @JHSPH• General agreement that for bipartisan emergency approval should emphasize near-term (e.g., 2year) impe ratives of COVID-19 and economic emergencies, not a new permanent wor k force.• General agreement that Peace Corps is the low-hanging frui t, but not all 7,000 RPCVs would dothis and the need is much greate r.• CSIS OpEd with Ami Bera (D-CA) and Susan Brooks (R-IN) coming out in Politico or CSIS websiteby MondayOther updates:• Telcon Friday with Brooks staffer. They are putting together legislation, ideally bipartisan withBera. Now fully briefed on CRC concept and potential implementation model. Clarified notduplicative of USPHS Ready Reserve Corps which is now authorized but not being implemented(to my knowledge) and would be different profile, i.e., USPHS has physicians, nurses, engineers,etc.• Telcon Saturday with CDC COVID-19 Chief Medical Officer . Confirms many are thinking aboutthe workforce issue. Notes that CDC unlikely to "own," but great suggestion to engage CDCfundedNational Network of STD Clinical Prevention Training Centers for training.https://nnptc.org/ with eight centers around the country. CRC concept may be brought tonational response discussions with FEMA in Washington DC.• FEMA contacts report they are hiring RPCVs, but do not report majo r speed up or scale up.FEMA recruiting email attached.• Charles shared Vanessa Kerry OpEd emphasizing same themes : response workforce and jobs:https ://www. boston hera Id. com/2020/04/01/ massach u setts-genera I-hos pita 1-i nfectio usdisease-tea m-ca I ls-on-state-to-harness-people-power/Next steps:• Executive - support/impetus to FEMA to increase speed and scale• Legislation - new appropriations for FEMA or CDC if needed• National advocacy- media, opinion leaders• Demand signal - state and local authorities requests• Implementation and management details working outOver all goal: Greatly increase COVID-19 response workforce to control disease and provide jobs. ACOVID-19 Response Corps would be a (big) part of solution. RPCV ideal first cadre for CRC.Please share any corrections, updates, suggestions.Thanks,PK-----Original Appointment-----From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]Sent : Thursday, April 2, 2020 5:34 PMTo: Conover, Craig; Angela Dunn; Cindy Burnett; Duchin, Jeff; Stephen Morr ison; John Monahan; CharlesHolmes; Jeremy Konyndyk (b)(6); Rebecca Katz; Tom lnglesby; Glenn Blumhorst;Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E]; Kenyon, Thomas; Anna Carroll; Scott Dowell; Jonathan Pearson;--------- (b)(6); O'Connor, Eileen; Myers, Michael; Robynn Leidig Subject:* ** Time correction - 8 am**~ Next steps on COVID-19 Response CorpsWhen: Friday, Apr il 3, 2020 8:00 AM-9:00 AM (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada).Wher e: Zoom meetingPeter Kilmarx (Fie Zoom2) is inviting you to a scheduled Zoom meeting. Zoom link below.Agenda:1. Welcome and introdu ctions2. Current status of advocacy3. Implementation issues4. Next steps:a. Advocacyb. Implement ation5. AOBTopic: Next steps on COVID-19 Response CorpsTime: Apr 3, 2020 08:00 AM Eastern Time (US and Canada)Join Zoom Meeting(b)(4)Meet ing ID: ___ CbC>4)One tap mobile+16465588656, }--- ~ (b~H=4>us(N ew York)+13126266799 ,J US (Chicago)Dial by vou r location- CbH4J (New York)Meeting ID:(Chicago)(Houston)(San Jose)-----(b) (4)Find your local numbe r: https://zoom.us/u/adl j8UhXNSFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [ElSent: Thursday, April 2, 2020 1:29 PMTo: 'Conover, Craig' (b)(6) >; 'Angela Dunn' (b)( 6)>; 'Cindy-B-ur-ne-tt-' !==~~~~(b)~ (6);· ' Duch i,n,, J.e:ff. ...---=======>=; St-ep~he;n- M' orrison (b) (6) ; 'John Mon ahan' (b) (6J>; 'Charles Holmes'=======~~--:~ (b:-) -(6J>; 'Jeremy Konyndyk (b)(6)'CbH >; 'Rebecca Katz' (b)(6J>; 'Tom lnglesby' =====~~----:~ --=========~~- . ====-~(b)(6~)>;- 'Glenn Blumhorst' CbH6J>;G lass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E] (b)(6)1>; 'Kenyon, Thomas' (b)( >; 'Anna Carroll'(b)(6) 'Scott Dowell ' (b)( 6);(b)(6); 'O'Connor, Eileen' ---------- (b)(6J>; 'Myers, Michael ' (b )( 6) >Subject: NEWS: Congressional letter to Peace Corps, CNCS, and FEMA on COVID-19 Response CorpsHi all,Big news. Herew ith is a letter signed by 40 members of Congress asking FEMA, Peace Corps, andAmeriCorps to form a "COVID-19 Response Corps." This is now in the publ ic domain. Press releaseforthcoming .Please save the t ime for Zoom call 8 am tomorrow on next steps.Also: Check out: http s://www.npr.or g/ sect ions/goat sandsoda/202 0/04/0 1/8252 31838/co ronavirussent-p eace-corp s-vo lunteers -home -it-could-also-give-them-a-new-missiThe National Peace Corps Association is hoping to create and fund a group that draws on the evacuatedvolunteers and their skills to respond to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States. Workers would take onwork like tracing the contacts of diagnosed individuals, monitoring the health of those in quarant ine andstaffing call centers . An agency such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Centers forDisease Control and Prevention or AmeriCorps could potentially manage the group, says Blumhorst, whohas been advocating for the project. Salaries could come from funding that's already been allotted to theCOV/0-19 response but hasn't yet been spent. The NPCA has discussed the idea with the offices of severalmembers of Congress that are receptive and support ive, Blumhorst says, and they're planning to speakwith more congresspeople and federal agencies and also hope to draw public atten tion to this potent ialproject.From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/ FIC) [E)Sent: Sunday, Marc h 29, 2020 4:47 PMTo: Conover, Craigl (b) (6J,>; Angela Dunn I (b) (~ >; Cindy Burnett=====~~:C:b"H6")}>"; Duchin, Jeff "':::========C=bH=6>>~;; S~te phen Morrison CbH6)/>; John Monahan! (b)(6)1>; Charles HolmesCb()6 ));J eremy Konyndyk I Cb)(6 )) =======~~:::---"'.""""- =====.~;-(b) -( 6~))> ; Rebecca Katz- -========~(b~)( ~~>; Tom lnglesby CbH~ >; Glenn Blumhors t CHb6>;i Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E) ======~ =· -------- (b)(6) ,>; Kenyon, Thomas ( (b)(6)1>; Anna Carroll(b) (6); Scott Dowell (b)(Jonathan Pearson (b)(6) ----------------------- Subject: INFO: Update on COVID-19 Response CorpsHi all and thanks for your support for a U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps engaging returned Peace Corpsvolunteers (RPCV). The latest (March 26) 2-page concept note attached.Updates:l. Steve is working on getting the Op Ed out in press and/or on CSIS website by Tuesday. We'll letyou know.2. Glenn and Charles have found very good recept ivity on the Hill.3. I've had a couple very good calls with FEMA folks at senior levels (extensive RPCV network) .They are already reaching out to RPCV and are well funded. They can get an RPCV on board in aweek. They have a few different hiring mechanisms that would be appropr iate. The scale andspeed need to be ramped up substant ially.4. I've reached out to contacts at nationa l mayors and governors associations with no reply. Alsono reply from CDC (Jernigan and Schuchat).Next steps - when OpEd comes out, amplify multiple levels to publicize and create demand .The need for this is great. The feasibility looks very good .Please share your suggestions .Thanks to all,PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/Fie) [ElSent: Tuesday, March 24, 2020 6:02 PMTo: Charles Holmes (b)(6) ; Angela DunnBurnett (b)(6)> ; Conover, Craig (b)(6) Duchin, Jeff(b) (6J_>; Cindy--....!:=====~~ (b)(6)> ; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [El (b)(6J_>; Glenn Blumhorst"".""."'--:---:::===========-~--- (b_H_6); Stephen Morrison (b)(6) JohnMonahan (b) <Subject: RE: Call - follow -up: COVID-19 Response CorpsHi again,A draft Op Ed attached . It is largely drawn from the concept note .Is there an appropriat e champion among us who can take this forward?Please share your suggestions and comments by noon tom orrow if possible.Thanks,PKFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E)Sent : Tuesday, March 24, 2020 2:17 PMTo: Charles Holmes (b)(6)> .....;======~~--:-:---:--:-- Cc: Angela Dunn (b)(6h ; Cindy Burnett (b)(6); Conover, Craig__ .:::____ --===::; (b:);(:~6-)::D--u-c-h:--in-, Je,ff ,.--___:___ _,,!::===::a (b~) ~< ">-; :G:::l-a-ss, Roger (NIH/FI C) [E ] =====~=----::-:--- -===========-;___;__~;...,.:..;.,_ __:-- (b)(6J>; Glenn Blumhorst (b)(6) --------==- ':'"'":----:----"..:==========~;:;:;--:;;--- Stephen Morr ison (b)(6); John Monahan (b)(6)Subject: RE: Call - follow-up: COVID-19 Response CorpsThanks Charles. This is very helpful.I've updated the concept note - att ached. Now a two-pager. Added t raining and prevention bullet .Decreased the numbers and budget based on feed back to date . Draft OpEd fort hcoming .Grateful if others can advocate as they are able (and others of us are not ).Glenn - please add anything on your meetings on the hill yesterday, the FEMA call, or advocacy plans.My takeaway is that a FEMA disaster corps or FEMA-Americorps Corps is feasible.More input:• Call yesterday with Glenn and former FEMA staff : George Haddow and Miche al Coeno FEMA Corps is a partnership of FEMA and Americorps with about 1,200-1,800members . Part of Americorps. FEMA pays 100%. Mainly younger, lower-skilledsupervised work.o FEMA reservist disaster corps has 3,000-4,000 members . Mostly shorter-termdeployments as temp employees. Many retired military. Can be activated withState of Emergency declarat ions.o FEMA currently has sent 3-4 liaisons to each state. Disaster corps not activated.o Onboarding 5,000 would be a big lift. Peace Corps has seconded staff to otheragencies in past, so t his could be an option .o Only private sector partner for FEMA is Red Cross. Not recommended for this.• Jen Kates (KFF) and her colleague Josh Michaud - "th ink it is a great idea"• Tom Frieden -"It's a good idea."o Robynn Leidig, Manager, Strateg ic Init iat ives, Resolve To Save Lives - "Compellingidea and worth exploring"• Concern about risk to RPCVs, training and oversight needed• Lack of PPE, best to focus on tasks that don't need PPE• Resentment of current staff worried about threat to their jobs• Fairness: should open to others - Amer icorps, VISTA, CDC PHAP, CSTEfellows, USAID Global Health Fellows• Manageme nt absorptive capacity limited at CDC. Consider ASTHO/NACCHO or PHI.From: Charles Holmes (b)( 6) ------------- Sent: Tuesday, Mar ch 24, 2020 7:36 AMTo: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [El -------,; (b..),(.=.6. )>_Cc_: A n.g.e;_l;a; _D..u n_n ::==~~---::(-b):(-6):>-; -Cindy Burnett (b)( >; Conover, Craig======~~---(bH >; Duch in, Je-ff !:::=========~>-; -G:la_ss_, R.o.g:e:r. (.N.I_H/_FIC_} :.[E.;_l, _.:__~ (b)( 6) ; Glenn Blumhorst -------------------- (b)( 6) Stephen Morr ison (b)(6)Subject: Re: Call - follow -up: COVID-19 Response CorpsSen Van Hollen's office is interested and I'm slated to ta lk w them later today or tomorrow. Interested toknow how the idea was received by others on the Hill. BestOn Mon, Mar 23, 2020 at 7:44 AM Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [El --------- (b)(6) wrote :Thanks Charles.Draft OpEd forthcom ing today. Everyone please think about autho rs.Bill Frist and Tom Daschle? https://w ww.rollca ll.com/2018/07 /09/op inion-an-open-health-diplomacyhand-works-bette r-than-a-fist/ By Tom Dasch le and Bill Frist, July 9, 2018.From: Char les Holmes (b)(6)> ------------ Sent: Monday , March 23, 2020 7:37 AM ------~~ To: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [El (b)(6) ....,;._.;._......;...;....;.==~~-::---:--:--Cc:A ngela Dunn (b)(6); _C in_d.y. B:_ ur ne.t;t ._~==~~-~(b)( 6) >; Conover, Craig...:======-~(~b)(-6):>:; -D:u-ch-in, Jeff (b)( >; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [El (b)(6)>; Glenn Blumhorst (b)(6J ;Stephen Morr ison (b) (6)>Subject: Re: Call - fo llow -up: COVID-19 Response CorpsGreat feedback, Peter. More from Vanessa Kerry:"Initial reaction is that this is fantastic and I would be happy to help in any capacity to support it.Please let me know how. Devil is in the details and t he training of course. Truly a smart idea though"CharlesOn Mon, Mar 23, 2020 at 7:11 AM Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E] -------- (b)( 6J> wrote:Thanks Craig. This looks very comprehensive and someth ing a trained RPCV (return ed Peace CorpsVolunteer) could help implement.Glenn - good luck on the Hill tod ay. Wil l be eager to hear about the reception.Some feedbac k from others:• John Monahan (Georgetow n) - "Very creativ e, kudos!"o Try to get authority on one of these COVI0-19 response bills for returning PeaceCorps folks to be redeployed notwithstanding other provisions of law.o Explore whether CRC could be incorporated into the programs FEMA already hasto bring in short-term employees to help with emergency responses.o Some functions (home-delivered meals, staffing call centers, homeless populationsand shelters) would more sense to supplement programs run by Americorps.o Cost seems high.• Scott Dowell (Gates Foundation) - "A good and important idea"o Need a massive surge in the public health and communi ty testing workforce overthe coming mont hs.o They are considering engaging the 30,000 medical students through AMSA(American Medical Student Association) .• Tom lnglesby (Johns Hopkins) - "A fantastic idea and am very supportive"o Important issue to be worked through : How to address risk to individuals invo lved?(My response: training, equipping, and monitor ing. Will add to next iteration ofconcept note. Note that Singapore has had no infections in HCW and in China afterJanuary/Wuhan, most HCW infections were from home, not from work.)o Tom's work ing on concept to engage presumably immune COVID-19 survivors (aswas done with Ebola).• Jeremy Konyndyk {CGD) - "Great idea."o Need to think creatively about how to expand the public health workforce for thecoming 18 months, especially for tasks like contact tracing . We'll need to view CDCand local health dept folks not as boots on the ground but rather as forcemultipliers - sharing their skills with others and mentoring/managing larger teamsto extend their reach.From: Conover, Craig_ ________ C>b<_ >sent: Sunday, March 22, 2020 5:01 PM -------~~ To: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC:).[.~:E:).l!=: ===-=-----::-:-- (-b)-:<-_6.;> Si tephen Morrison I __ _Glass, Roger (NIH/Fie) [E]I CbH6r>J; Charles Holmes(b)(6)------------,,-:-= CbH6l; Glenn Blumhorst l (b)(6)j(b)(6)l; Duchin, Jeff CbH6)J>; Angela Dunn=======- (b)~(~6)1>; Cindy Burn"e"-u•1======' (~b~::(:~6; ):]>__.. --------- -------- Subject : Re: Call - follow-up: COVID-19 Response CorpsThanks for all your work on this, Peter !Re LTCs--attached is a draft document listing all the capabilities that need to be in place forLTCFs to respond to Covid-19.Develop ing and disseminating guidance aimed at LTCFs is relatively easy--the failures aregoing to be around implementation .This is one area where assistance wou ld be valuable.ccFrom: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E] (b)( >Sent : Sunday, March 22, 2020 3:16 PMTo: Stephen Morrison CbH6>;G>l;a ss, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E] I- ---- (b)(6);Charles Holmes I (b) (6)]>; Glenn Blumhorst(b)(6)J ouch in, Jeff :.===========------==========,::;;--- (b) ( 6)>] ; Conover, Craig I CbH6)A];n gela Dunn:.========-~c,"'.:'.-:-" ;,.._...;:.:====-~~----- ---------(b)(6)j; Cindy Burnett ! (b)(6)j Subject : [External] RE: Call - follow-up: COVID-19 Response CorpsThanks all for our call and support for t his concept. Please let me know any critical additions orcorrections to these notes.• Jeff Duchin (Seattle) noted multiple possible roles in contact tracing, mitigation withhomeless and incarcerated, adverse consequences of social distancing, infection controlsupport, alternat ive care site coordinat ion, lab specimen collection and transport . Heshared concerns about infection prevention and thei r PPE shortage. CDC had 40 peopledeployed, but they departed . Longer deployments (e.g., >90 days) needed to validateonboarding and training effort . He will follow up with more detail on potential roles andnumbers.• Angela Dunn (Utah) agreed wit h roles in contact tracing , also st affing a call center, ruralout reach and specimen collection. She said Utah was not a current priority for FEMA andCDC was conducting a transmission study. She shared Jeff's concern about the onboardingeffort .• Cindy Burnett (Utah) mentioned the need for social support in rural settings.• Craig Conover (Illinois) added that for them the long -term care centers and homelesspopulations were priority concerns. It would be feasible and helpful to have staff able tocollect specimen swabs.• Charles Holmes (Georgetown) made an analogy to community health workers in Zambiaand how much can be accomplished and enhanced with tablet-based approaches, workflowapps, and video instructions.• Steve Morrison (CSIS) emphasized the importance of finding an organizationa l home,mentioning potential challenges for both CDC and FEMA. He noted timing of responsepackages being considered, the hunger for creative ideas, and urgency for this to bebrought forward. He noted potential champions, listed with others below. He thinks thePeace Corps connectio n is a compelling factor.• Glen Blumhorst (NPCA) expressed his support and insights on potential champions, e.g.,three RPCV in the house. He is going to Capitol Hill tomorrow .• Jody Olsen (Peace Corps) (prior to the call) expressed interest and noted that Peace Corpshas no authority to operate in the United States. (The possibility of an Executive Orderdeta iling returned volunteers from Peace Corps to state and local aut horities wasmentioned by others on the call.) She also noted that Barbara Stewart, Director of CNCS(AmeriCorps and VISTA) has been inviting RPCVs to jo in.Next steps:1. Revise document (done, attached) to be shared with subject matter experts and potentialchamp ions. (There was not an exact delineat ion of who would share with whom. I will aimto CC: or ask for help with some contacts.)2. Will draft Op-Ed in next 2 days.Action: Share concept sheet with SM Es and champions avoiding any obvious minefields andduplication. Report back useful feedback.SM Es/champions:• Tom lngelsby• Beth Cameron• Jeremy Konyndyk• Rebecca Katz• Scott Gottl ieb• Tom Frieden• Scott Dowell• John MonahanChampions:• Paul Allen Foundation• Dick Durbin• Biden campaign• Chris Christie• Carrie Hessler-Radelet• Aaron Williams• Pat rick Leahy• Chris Van Hollen• Dick Durbin• Debbi Birx• Donna Shalala (RPCV - Iran 1962-64)• Joseph P. Kennedy Ill (RPCV Dominican Republic 2004-06)• John Garamendi (Ethiopia 1966-68)• Aumua Amata (PC staff Northern Mariana Islands 1967-68)Note - GS-7, Step 1 salary is $37,301, Step 5 is $42,273. I've re-set the budget at $100,000 perperson to account for benefits, train ing, travel, per diem, management, evaluation, PPE, phones,laptops, etc.From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/FIC) [E]Sent: Sunday, March 22, 2020 12:35 PMTo: Stephen Morrison (b)(6)>; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [El (b)(6J;Charles Holmes (b)(6J; Blumhorst, Cathy (NIH/NINR) [ElCbH6)G];l enn Blumhorst (b)(6)>;:;::::::=======c::,::;,:c;-:'."'.""""'(b)(~ Olsen, Jody -----:=====(b!)(6.).>.; .:D_,u.c.h in.,. .J:ef_f ~~ (b)(6) J; Conover, Craig (b)( Angela Dunn:.=======; (b::);~:(6~)1]>-- ----------Subject: RE: Call: COVID-19 Response CorpsHi all,I'm looking forward to our WebEx meeting in 90 minutes. The concept note (unchanged) isattached. The Web Ex info is below.Here's an updated agenda:1. Welcome and introductions2. Background and proposal3. Round robin perspectivesa. Public health - WA, IL, UTb. Peace Corps - Jodyc. Strengthening the concept - alld. Advocacy - alle. Implementat ion - all4. Next steps and way forwa rd-----Origi nal Appointment -----From: Kilmarx, Peter (NIH/F ie) [ElSent: Saturday, March 21, 2020 9:29 PMTo: Stephen Morrison; Glass, Roger (NIH/FIC) [E]; Charles Holmes; Blumhorst, Cathy (NIH/N INR)(E]; Glenn Blumhorst; (b)(6) Olsen, Jody; Duchin, Jeff; Conover, Craig; AngelaDunnSubject: Call: COVID-19 Response CorpsWhen : Sunday, March 22, 2020 2:00 PM-3:00 PM (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada).Where: WebExPlease join tomorrow for WebEx discussion of developing a U.S. COVID-19 Response Corps.Concept sheet attached.Agenda :1. Welcome and introductions2. Background and proposal3. Round robin perspectives4. Discussion5. Next steps and way forward-- Do not delete or change any of the following text. --Join Webex meetingMeeting number (access code): ----(b)(4) Meeting password: ------- (b) (4)Join from a video system or applicationDial ------,, (b) (4)You can also dial -----(b)( 4) and enter you r meeting numb er.Join by phoneTap to call in from a mobile device (attendees only)1-650-479-3208 Call-in toll number (US/Ca nada )Global call-in numbersJoin using Microsoft Lyne or Microsoft Skype for BusinessDial (b) (4) ------------- - Can't join the meeting ?If you are a host, go here to view host informat ion. lv1PORTAW NOTICE: Please note that this Webexservice ~llows audio and other information sent during the session to be recorded. which rnay be discoverable rn a legal matter ByJoining this session, you automat1cally consent to such recordings If you do not co11sent to being recorded, discuss your concerns withthe host or do not join the sessionState of Illinois - CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: The information contained in this commun ication isconfidential , may be attorney-client privileged or attorney work product, may constitute insideinformation or internal deliberative staff communication, and is intended only for the use of theaddressee. Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication or any part thereof isstrictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this communication in error, pleasenotify the sender immediately by return e-ma il and destroy this communication and all copiesthereof, including all attachments. Receipt by an unintended recipient does not waive attorney-c lientprivilege, attorney work product privilege, or any other exemption from disclosu re.Charles B. Holmes, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineFaculty Co-Director, Center for Global Health Practice and ImpactGeorgetown University Medical CenterBuilding D, Suite 1204000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC 20057Phone (b) (6)Charles B. Holmes, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineFaculty Co-Director , Center for Global Health Practice and ImpactGeorgetown University Medical CenterBuilding D, Suite 1204000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC 20057Phone (b) (6)From:Sent:To:Subject:Attachments:Larry:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 13 Apr 2020 15:25:44 +0000Corey, LarryFW: perhaps useful in the physical mitigation battle to buy 6 weeks(b)(4 lI will call you about t his to day. This is really import ant.Thanks,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)(b) (4)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformatio n. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [E) ---------- (b)(6)> On Behalf Of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sent: Monday , April 13, 2020 7:10 -AM- ---- ::;..,..-,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6)> Subject: FW: perhaps useful in the physical mitigation battle to buy 6 weeksAn email below from Larry Corey.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmed iate Office of t he DirectorNational Inst itute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(From: Corey MD, Larry CbH >Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 11:31 PM- ------, ,a-s-r;= To: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] < (b)(6)>; Marston, Hilary (NIH/NIAID) [E](b) (6)>Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: perhaps useful in the physical mitigation batt le to buy 6 weeksHere is data from Seattle up to this weekendFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks!Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElMon, 13 Apr 2020 14:37:16 +0000Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/N IAID) [ElRE: Wayne and Catherine Reynolds and Bob Langer/MIT innovationsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Sent: Monday, Apri l 13, 2020 8:12 -AM- ------, .....,..,= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: RE: Wayne and Catherine Reynolds and Bob Langer/MIT innovationsPossible response below :Dear Wayne,Please give my best to Catherine and take care during these difficult times.Best personal regards,TonyFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 9:27 PM(b) (5)To: Auchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: FW: Wayne and Catherine Reynolds and Bob Langer/MIT innovationsHugh:Please take a look at these 3 ideas. You may have heard of Bob Langer. He is somewhat ofan inventive genius with whom we have worked before . I need to get back to Wayne andCatherine and I would like your help in my fashioning a response.Thanks,TonyFrom: WAYNE REYNOLDS (b)(6) -------- Sent: Monday, April 6, 2020 2:08 PM -------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Grady, Christine {NIH/CC/BEP) [~E:]: -;::::====== (~b)::(:6~;)Subject: Wayne and Catherine Reynolds and Bob Langer/MIT innovationsTony,Obviously, you have a few other issues on your daily agenda but, when you have a minute, we wou ldappreciate your thoughts and guidance on three new Bob Langer biotech developments. We haveattached three links to recent MIT News art icles. These three innovations at the Langer Lab wereoriginally funded by the Gates Foundation. We thought the last two breakthroughs, in particular, may beapplicable to your current work. Thank you again for your continued guidance .Best wishes,Wayne ReynoldsCell: (b)(6)Home: (b)(6) ------Heat stable micronutrients for better nutritionhttp://news.mit.edu/2019/micro part ides-fight-malnutrit ion-1113On-patient invisible vaccination recordhttp://news .mit .edu/2019/storing-vaccine-history-skin-1218Self-boosting vaccine platform for faster and stronger immune responsehttp://news.mit.edu/2017 /one-vaccine-injection-could-ca rry-many-doses-0914From:Sent:To:Cc:(b)(6)Subject:(b)( 6)Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorFauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Mon, 13 Apr 2020 13:03:45 +0000Jenny FauciRE: FW: Google Alert - Fauci AND Tony OR AnthonyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectiou s DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409(b)(6)E-mail,___,,. __ _, (b)(6)The in ormation in t ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformat ion. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From:t >Sent: k:,-o-n-da_y_, -A-p-ri-11- 3-,-2-0-2-0 7-:S_S_A_M__ -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Re: FW: Google Alert - Fauci AND Tony OR Anthony(b)(6)On Sat, Apr 11, 2020 at 1:27 PM Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)_ _____ C>b<_> wrote:If you have time, click to link on the bottom: "How Anthony Fauci BecameAmerica's Doctor". It is a long article in New York magazine written by MichaelSpector a former Washington Post and NY Times writer who has known me forover 30 years. It is the most comprehensive report on me and my career - veryinsightfu l.Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone : (b) (6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may containsensitive information . It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intendedrecipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it fromyour mailbox or any other storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and InfectiousDiseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for any statements made that are the sender's ownand not expressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Google Alerts <googlea lerts -norep ly@goog le.com>Sent: Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 11:51 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID ) [E] (b)( >Subject: Goog le Alert - Fauci AND Tony OR AnthonyGoogle AlertsFauci AND Tony OR AnthonyAs-it-happens update• April 11, 2320WEBFauci: Virus antibody tests expected next weekNorth Platte PostDr. Anthony Fauci answers questions during Thursday's Coronavirus Task Force briefing.WASHINGTON - The top U.S. infectious disease official ...11 CJ Flaa as irrelevantanthony fauciThe Bulwark Podcastanthony tauci, anti-anti-trumpism, china, coronavirus, covid-19 , donald trump, elections,hydroxychloroquine, masks, navy peter navarro, white house, ...11 CJ Flaa as irrelevantCBS Evening News with Norah O'DonnellFacebookDr. Anthony Fauci of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID): "This is notthe time to feel that, since we have made such ...11 CJ Flag as 1rreltwantHow Anthony Fauci Became America's Doctor by Michael SpecterLongformA profile of the doctor who has run the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for 36years .11 CJ Flao as irrelevantYou have received this email because you have subscribed to Google Alerts .UnsubscribeB!Receive this alert as RSS feedSend FeedbackFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Thank you, NicolaFauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 13 Apr 2020 10:16:00 +0000Nicola PizzoliRE: COVID 19: Possible main cause of fatalities, it could be not respiratoryFrom: Nicola Pizzoli (b)(6)Se nt: Monday, April 13, 2020 6:07 AM To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]-- ---------~-~-- (b)(6)> Subject: COVID 19: Possible main cause of fatalities , it could be not respiratoryGood morning Dr Fauci,Ive been follow ing you on COVID brief ings from the White House every night. I trust your experience ,professionality and above all your wisdom in these weeks.While I am a mechanical engineer and I run my food company fro living, I have been interested andpassionate to the global fight to the Coronavirus.SUGGESTION: Could it be possible that peop le die of pulmonary micro t hrombosis rather thanrespiratory issues? If this is the case, this is more a cardiovascular issue than a respiratory, andventilation or intubation do not count as much as, instead, to give patients some drugs to prevent thet hrombosis , such as ANTI-INFIAMMATORIES. If you ventilate a lung where blood doesn't get there, maybe it's useless! In fact 9 out of 10 die . If the problem were cardiovascula r and not respiratory, then itcould be a venous microthrombosis and not pneumonia that determines fata lity. And why are thrombiformed? Because there is an inflammation that induces th rombosis through a complex but well-knownpathophysiological mechanisms.I know this thesis is right the contrary of some recomm endations that several doctors all over the world(in China first) had made so far: no ibuprofene, no anthibiotics etc etc.But I believe that some researches on the cardiovascular problem induced by inflammation would beworth doing it.An apology for my English.Thank you for your attention,Stay healthy!Kindest regardsNicolaNicola PizzoliPresident & CEOPinollSp.A.\'b 1nulillo ~ ord I •..COOSA1 1.idrie • lloloi;u ----....~From:Sent:To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Mon, 13 Apr 2020 02:17:18 +0000----(-b)(6) (NIH/NHLBI) [E) Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)Subject: RE: Comparison of COVID-19 statistics in US vs. China(b)(6)Thank you for you note. This pandemic has been extremely challeng ing for many countriesaround the globe including China and the USA. I can only say that I (and I am sure that BobRedfield feels the same way) prefer to look forward and not to assign blame or fault. There areenough prob lems ahead that we must face together.Best regards,TonyFrom: (b)(6) (NIH/NHLBI) [E] -------- (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 9:51 PM ----~~ To: Redfield, Robert R. (CDC/OD)- ----- (b)(6) Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b) (6) >Cc: (b)(6) {NIH/NHLBI) [E] -------- (b)( >Subject: RE: Comparison of COVID-19 statist ics in US vs. ChinaDear Dr. Redfield and Dr. Fauci,Aft er some hesitation, I decided to write you this message anyway and hope you don't mind.I am concerned about the recent fight between the US and WHO because it may adversely impact thecurrent global efforts in controlling the spread of COVID-19. As we all know, US has been leading WHO'sefforts for decades and essentially WHO's role is mostly coordinating responses in low- and middle incomecountries with support from the US and other high income countries. Frankly I was looking forleadership from the US CDC rather than WHO when I was doing (b)(6). Until COVID-19 is controlled in all countries,the infection could come back to hit us in this country again. Therefore it is now the worst time toundermine WHO's global coordinating capabilities.What I learned from my former colleagues and friends in (b)(6) where I attended medical schooland obtained my MSc in epidemiology might offer some explanation for the differe nces in COVID-19statistics in US vs. China. Please find attached a couple of articles published by my former colleague,Cb~___ , of which the 1st attachment is a more updated version . (6)• First, the maximum lockdown in Wuhan that started on January 23 and also in the rest of theentire Hubei province of 59 million people during the subsequent 2-3 days, coupled withmaximum efforts in early identification, immediate isolation of identified infected individualsand close monitoring of contacts, did work and had to work according to epidemiologicalprinciples. China did it by invoking level 1 public health response that was historically reservedfor smallpox, plague or cholera, which essentially enabled the entire country to be completelylocked down for several weeks. Many vi llages and townships set up checkpoints to refuseanyone to come in or go out; a driver from Hubei had to stay on an inter-provincial highway for20 days surviving by begging instant noodles from people policing exits; all front doors ofresidents in a township in Hubei were sealed by local government officials and volunteers toprevent them from getting out of their houses.• Second, there must be under -reporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths because the publichealth and hospital systems in Wuhan and a few other hardest hit municipalities wereoverwhelmed for one to two weeks; conceivably many infected individuals were not getting achance for testing and some of them must have died without being identified as COVID-19. I'dsay that this kind of under-reporting is unavoidable, especially in the epicenter of a newpandemic. Actually I suspect that such under-reporting could have happened in this country aswell although perhaps to a lesser degree.• Third, there could be a third category of casualties, that is, patients who were suffering fromchronic diseases but couldn't get necessary treatments because hospitals were overwhelmed.I read a sad story in social media in which a patient who needed frequent dialysis comm ittedsuicide by jump ing out of his window. It is highly likely that many such patients died during thelockdown even though I couldn't confirm the specific case or find any statistics. There could bemany other collateral damages including socio-psychological effects .Combined, the effect of the maximum lockdown, the under-report ing of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19deaths as well as collateral deaths of other causes that were associated with the lockdown could beseveral times of the reported statistics from China. Here I'd not say that China purposely underreportedCOVID-19 cases or deaths but rather, China pursued an extreme approach and achieved anextreme result, including severe collateral damages. Of note, Dr. LI Wenliang (the whistleb lower) voicedconcern on 12/30/2019 and was criticized for having not followed the legally proper reporting processbut nevertheless the WHO China Office was informed on 12/31/2019 of a pneumonia of unknowncause, detected in the city of Wuhan in Hubei province, China(https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen ).We in the US and many other countries pursued different approaches, which are more humane but lesseffective in terms of blocking transmissions. This is the reality, which needs to be commun icated withand recognized by the public; to make the humane approaches work as effectively as possible, we needeveryone's support and cooperation, which cannot be achieved by blaming China or WHO. The publichas to understand that we are in a pandemic, which means that tens of millions are supposed to beinfected and millions are supposed to die from it, unless we take necessary actions to block thetransmission and to take good care of the infected.Finally, I'd like to say a few words for public health colleagues in China. In my personal view, to be fair,they have done their best to inform the global public health community of the COVID-19 outbreak inWuhan, China by briefing WHO and many count ries as soon as they identified COVID-19 (12/31/2019 -1/3/2020) ; they shared the genetic sequence of the virus on 1/ 12/2020; and the numbe r of scientificand medical publications in English shortly afterwards was unprecedented . I did a brief search andidentified the following:A Novel Coronavirus from Pat ients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 (1/24/2020)https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to -persontransmission : a study of a family cluster (1/24/2020)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/artic1e/pii/S0140673620301549?via%3DihubClinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (1/24/2020)https ://www.thelancet.com/journa ls/lancet/ article/Pl 1S0140-6736(20)30183-5 /f ulltextEarly Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-l nfected Pneumonia (1/29/2020)https ://www.nejm.org/ doi/fu 11/10.1056/N EJMoa 2001316Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implicat ions for virus origins andreceptor binding (1/30/2020)https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)30251-8/fulltextA new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2/3/2020)https://www.nature.com/artic1es/s41586-020-2008-3Early estimation of the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in main land China: a data-driven analysis(2/12/2020)http:ljatm.amegroups.com/article/view/36613/htmlCharacteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavi rus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak inChina (2/24/2020)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/ jama/fulla rticle/2 762130It is my hope that US and China could join fo rces to help low- and middle-income countries to controlthe pandemic so that it will not come back and hit us again after the current wave in this country iscontrolled.I am not sending th is message through the official channel because this is not part of my official dutyand is purely my personal opinion.Sincerely,(b)(6)Doing human subjects research? New policies will impact you! Learn more .Looking for NHLBI Clinical Trial Funding Opportunities? Learn more here.From:Sent :To:Subject:Attachme nts:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElMon, 13 Apr 2020 01:37:27 +0000Cassetti, Cristina (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: [COVID-19 Pneumon ia] Official Letter from lmmuneMed Inc.Official Letter from lmmuneMed-NIAID.pdfPlease take a look at this and respond.From: Sungpill Park <sppark@immunemed .co.kr>Sen t: Sunday, April 12, 2020 9:31 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) (E]------ -(-b=")"(-"=6" )Subject: (COVID-19 Pneumonia] Official Letter from lmmuneMed Inc.Dear Dr. Anthony S. Fauci,My name 1s Sungpill Park, and I'm a representative of lmmuneMed, Inc. located 1nKorea.We specialize in diagnos ing and t reating the infectious diseases.Our company's hzVSF(humanized Virus Suppressing Factor) v13 is under curableusage for COVID-19 pneumonia, utiliz ing Korea's compassionate use system forpatients who do not have an alternative treatment.I am writing with a strong conviction that t he partnership between the NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and lmmuneMed , Inc. wil l bring thedecrease of death rate for COVID-19 pneumon ia.I ask you humbly to please spend a minute of your busy time reading the attachedletter from our CEO, Dr. Yoon-Won Kim, to find out more about the hzVSFtreatment and how we can work together to cure COVID-19 pneumon ia pat ients.With Regards,Sungpill Park, MBAVice President, Global Business DevelopmentlmmuneMed, Inc.C: ------ (b)(6) I E: sppark@immunemed.co.krw: www.immunemed.eo.kr/en/Notice : The above message (and any attachment) is intended solely for the named address and may containinformation that is privileged, confidential or otherwise protected under applicable law. Any unauthorizeddissemination, distribution, copying or use of the information contained in this communication is strictlyprohibited If you have received this communication in error, please notify the sender by email and erase thiscommunication immediately.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 23:20:22 +0000Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: NAS Annual Meeting Session on COVID-19 -- Information regarding yourSaturday April 25 participationLet us discuss.From: Dzau, Victor J. <VDzau@nas.edu>Sent: Thursday, April 9, 2020 11:01 AMTo: Mun , Jenny <JMun@nas .edu>; Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6l;>; Hannon, Emma <EHannon@nas .edu>; Conrad, Patricia(b)(6)'ben.tinke r@cnn.com' <ben.tinker@cnn .com>; 'Amanda .Sealy@cnn.com'<Amanda .Sealy@cnn.com>; 'Neel.Khairzada@turner.com' <Neel .Khairzada@t urner.com>;'Tia.M iller@turner.com' <Tia.Miller@turner.com>; (b)(6)Subject: RE: NAS Annual Meeting Session on COVID-19 -- Information regarding your Saturday April 25pa rtici pat ionDear all,Thank you for agreeing to participate in a special late breaking session on the COVID-19pandemic at the NAS annual meeting. Knowing how busy you are, I am sending this email inlieu of a call to prepare for the session .As you know, this is a 90 minute session which aims to provide our audience with deeperinsights into the latest developments in the COVID-19 response. I plan to hold an engagingdiscu ssion that covers the whole experience on dealing with this pandemic - from US tointernational, to preparedness and response, the biology of the virus, the state of diagnostic,treatment and vaccine development, and the importance of communica6on.l will begin the session by providing brief ( ~3 min) opening remarks describing thecircumstances of the pandemic . Then, I will introduce the panelists and you will each have 7minutes to provide remarks. You may use a limited numbe r of slides for illustration. I hope thateach panelist will provide their own perspective and speak to the issues proposed below.• Jeremy Farrar will discuss the global response to the pandemic, drawing from hisexperience as a global leader, the chair of the Scientific Advisory Group for the WHO'sR&D Blueprint and as a member of the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board.• Tony Fauci will discuss the US pandemic and provide his perspective as a member of theWhite House Coronavirus Task Force addressing the 2019- 20 coronavirus pandemic.• George Gao will discuss China's response to the pandemic and lessons learned for therest of the globe .• Susan Weiss will discuss the viral characteristics of SARS COV2 , insights into itspatbobiology, immunity and development of a pan-Co V antiviral.• Richard Hatchett will discuss the development of new vaccines and treatments againstCOVID-19.• Sanjay Gupta will comment on the health system response to the pandemic andchallenges re lated to communication and pub lic engagement in responding to COVID -19.Following remarks from each panelist, we will have a moderated discussion amongst ourselves -l will ask you a set of questions (15 mins) and then we wil! take questions from the web (25mins). To prepare me to be your moderator, please send me any questions you would like me toask you. For those of you who would like to have a prep call, please let me know and I will set itup.Best,VictorFrom: Mun , Jenny <JMun@nas.edu>Sent: Wednesday, April 8, 2020 10:56 AM'ben .tinker@cnn .com' <ben.tinker@cnn.com>; 'Amanda.Sealy@cnn.com' <Amanda .Sealy@cnn.com>;'Neel.Khairzada@turner.com' <Neel. Khai rzada@tumer.com>; 'Tia.M iller@turner.com'<Tia.Miller@turner.com>Subject: NAS Annual Meeting Session on COVID-19 -- Information regarding you r Saturday April 25participationDear Speakers:I am the logistical contact for the COVID-19 session that will be held as part of the Annual Meeting(online) program on Saturday, April 25 at 2:00 pm EDT. Thank you for agreeing to participate in thissession. To help you with your planning, I have provided additional details below .Please note that the session will be live webcast and the general public will also be able to watch thesession. Video from the session will also be uploaded on the NAS YouTube channel(https://www.youtube.com/user/theNASciences ) after the meeting . We will need to obtain signedspeaker release forms for your participation in this session. I have attached the speaker release form foryour review and subm ission. Please return the signed speaker release form by Monday , April 13.Session speakers are asked to connect 30 minutes prior to the session start time (by Saturday, April 25at 1:30 pm EDT) to allow the technical staff to check connections and prepare for the session. Details onhow to connect will be sent before the meeting.We will list you in our promotional materials as noted below. If this is incorrect, please let me know .Anthony 5. Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesJeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome TrustGeorge F. Gao, Director-General, Chinese Center for Disease Control & PreventionSanjay Gupta, Chief Medical Correspondent, CNNRichard J. Hatchett, CEO, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness InnovationsSusan R. Weiss, Professor of Microb iology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaSince many of us have moved to remote work environments, you may already be proficient with Zoomand other online meeting/collaboration applications . I am attaching a 'speaker guidelines' file in caseyou have any questions on how best to prepare for and stage your remote talk. We have technical staffavailable to help you become familiar with Zoom and its settings - such as "sharing your screen" (if youhave slide presenta tions that need to be shown during your talk) . We can arrange for a training sessionthis week or next week. If you would like to schedule a session, please let me know as soon as possible.Dr. Dzau's office will be in touch regarding the agenda for this session. If you have any othe r questions,please let me know .Regards, Jenny********************************Jenny MunMembership DirectorNational Academy of Sciencesjmun@nas.edu(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 23:00:07 +0000Seth Berkley (Private)Subject: RE: Checking inThanks, Seth!From: Seth Berkley (Private) --------- Sent: Saturday, March 28, 2020 3:48 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( >Subject: Checking inHi Tony: You are doing an amazing job during these very diffic ult t imes!Doing everything we can here to support WHO to work on global acceleration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinedevelopment as well as support our 73 poorest countries for COVID-19 preparation and hopefullykeeping routine vaccine coverage as high as possible. We are prepared to ultimately roll out a vaccinewhen one is ready. No need to respond, but wanted to give you a friendly shout-out. We are allthinking of you!Best,SethThe private email account ofDr Seth BerkleyChief Exec utive OfficerGavi, the Vaccine AllianceTel: (b)(6)Skype -------- Twitter @GaviSeth(b)( ,The Global Health Campus, Chemin du Pommier 40,1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Swi tzerlandTel: CbH6)Web: http: //www .gavi.orgWith the suppo rt of donors and pa1tners, Gavi, the Vacc ine Alliance is working to immunise anadditional 300 million children betwe en 2016 and 2020, preventing a further 5-6 million deat hs.Join us and help to reach every child. Visit www. gavi.org . sign up for the Gavi newsletter andfollow us on Facebook and Twitter.NOTIC E: This emai l, includin g any attachments to it, may be confide nt ial and does not createany binding contract on behalf of Gavi or its partn ers . If this email was sent to you in error,please notify the sender immediately by rep ly e-mail, and please do not use, distribute , retain,print or copy the e-mai l or any attachment.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 22:58:02 +0000Herbert MathewsonSubject: RE: PERSONAL: My April 1 blog on Tony Fauci, CUMCHub:Many thanks for your kind note.Warm regards,TonyFrom: Herbert Mathewson (b)(6)Sent : Saturday, March 28, 2020 1:57 PM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject : PERSONAL:M y April 1 blog on Tony Fauci, CUMC -----(b)(6)-----(b)(6)Tony, I have been writ ing an annual April 1 column for 30 years, first in my monthly newsletter at CapeCod Hospital and now as my biweek ly blog of medical fun facts at www. hubslist.org. This is a heads upbefore publication of this year's Apr il lblog about you and Biden.I suspect that most of our classmates are, like me, boasting a bit about having you as a classmate. Yourhonesty and "truthiness" is most appreciated and greatly valued by us amidst the leadership chaos. Yoursuccess at "walking the line" is extraordinary .Enjoy. Hub• Home• Hub's List of Medical Fun FactsVol. 230 April 1, 2020 Biden Picks His Running MatePress ConferenceFor mer Vice PresidentJoe BidenApril 1, 2020(Official Transc ript)BIDEN : Good morning everyone. I am glad to see all you reporters sitting 6 feet from each other . Iknow it is burdensome, but we must work together to defeat this awful Zika . . . Rebola ... the flu . . .er, what?, ... I mean, you know, the Coroner virus .Speaking of the current virus crisis . . . boy that has a nice ring to it, doesn't it? ... it almost rhymes. .. I would like to announce my pick of a running mate; Dr . Anthony Fauci, Director of the NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Disease of NIH since 1984 .. . almost twenty .. . er . . . many yearsago .Now before I start to answer your quest ions, let me give you some reasons for my choice .Number 1: Dr . Fauci is smarter than I am, but I am ta ller and younger than he is.Number 2: He is very experienced. He has worked with many President ial administrat ions since hecame to Washington ... in the 1980's as I remember . He told Ronald Reagan about the AIDSepidemic, advised two Bushs . . . one of them gave him the Presidential Medal of Freedom ... by theway, Ben Carson got his medal during that same ceremony, . . . where was I? Oh, yeh . . .twoClintons .. . yes two, remember Hilary's Health Care Plan? . .. and, of course, Obama or two.Number 3: He gives very good TV interviews , even on Fox News with Sean Hannity trying to misleadthe viewers.Number 4: His medical training has given him that special skill that all physicians must have tosucceed - "Always sound right, and if you don't know an answer, make one up." But he is like oneof my famous namesakes on Dragnet . . . Sergeant Joe Friday . .. "Just the facts, Ma'am."Now I'll take your questions.[Sounds of shouting , general loud babbling , a baby crying , a chair falls over]REPORTER : " Mr. Biden have you moved away from your promise to pick a female running mate?"BIDEN : Did I say that? When was that? ... Oh, it was during one of those debates? ... I wouldn'tcall it a promise. It was a statement from which I am now socially distancing myself, and that makesit a very timely question. . .. This social distancing is for the pits. I haven't smelled a good head ofhair in weeks ... for the record, my test was negative ... and I will ensure that women's voices willbe heard in my administration by appointing several to my cabinet. Elizabeth Warren naturally will beSecretary of the Treasury. Kamala Harris as an experienced prosecutor would be an excellent head ofthe Department of Justice . .. I think she is Latino too, isn't she? ... I am not sure about SenatorAmy Kolbuchuck from Minnesota and she has great hair, but Marianne Williamson, ... remember,the physic healer ... could serve as Chief of the Alternate Universe . . . excuse me, AlternateTherapies within HHS. Adding Senator Gillibrand to the cabinet would weigh the group too heavilytowards New York, since Dr. Fauci is from Brooklyn. I will, of course, appoint Tulsi Gabbard asAmbassador to America Samoa.REPORTER : "Do you have any concerns about any regrettable incidents in Dr. Fauci's past?"BIDEN : Not really. My staff has vetted him very thoroughly. The only whiff of scandal we found washis medical school yearbook picture where he was being lifted by two of his taller classmates so as toappear as even taller than they. None of them were in black face.Also some people may have difficulty knowing howto pronounce his name correctly. It is pronounced as "Fow-ch i" with the soft "c" sound common tomany Italian names, . . . and as the Senator from Nevada I wish to say that I have many ItalianAmericanfriends who are hard-work ing, decent citizens, but I must excuse myself from this Corleonehearing for another important committee meeting ... oh, sorry ... was I channeling the Godfatheragain? ... a great movie.There is another small concern, since he is from New York City and his name ends in a vowel peoplemay think he is associated with Rudy Giuliani .... but we know that he is taller than Mike.We have completely debunked the New Yorker Magazine stories that Dr. Fauci has recommendedinternal alcohol to kill the coronavirus since external alcohol really doesn't work. In fact, he onlyrecommended it as an antidote to the daily briefings of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Dr.Fauci also noted that internal alcohol effects may be briefer than the briefings, so viewers may repeata dose PRN (as necessary).REPORTER : " Is it true that as noted in your background Press Release just handed out that Dr. Fauciwas born on Christmas Eve, and are you concerned about any back lash from Trump supporters whoregard Trump as the Second Coming."BIDEN: Dr. Fauci is an American . Even though he was born in Brooklyn, there is no question about hiscitizenship eligibility for this office. I think that a resurgence of the Birther Movement which was soviscously directed at my close friend and mentor, Barrack Obama, . . . there I final ly got his name outthere ... would be very unfortunate. Next question.REPORTER : "Has Dr. Fauci made any significant contributions in fields other than virology andinfectious diseases."BIDEN : Well let me tell you a down-to-earth, fascinating story of one of his most significantcontributions. It will be a short one, I promise. Since the Coroner virus pandemic has taken over allthe headlines, editorial pages, social media memes, political cartoons, TV shows, graphic artist shops,and a lot of other things swamping articles about the Opioid Deaths epidemic, Dr. Fauci has developeda new attention -getting graphic to replace the familiar 1-10 faces of pain levels; the 1-4 faces ofPandemic Panic levels.1 2 4REPORTER: "But face 4 is the same as face 2. Isn't that a confusing message ."BIDEN : Exactly"Thank you Mr. Biden, and Happy April Fools Day."PS: (b)(6) yearbook picture that won't be in the blog.(b)(6)This entry was posted on Saturday, March 28th, 2020 at10:01 AM and is filed under coronavirus, current events, humor, Infectious Disease. politics. You can follow anyresponses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. Editthis entry.Post navigati•RECENTIS SUESo Vol. 229 March15 2020Beware theIdes of March•Blog at WordPress.com.o Vol. 228 March1. 2020PhvsicianSpeeders,Roundup OffOne Hook, andDon't Shootthe Cowso Vol . 227February 15.2020 Milk isNOT GoodFor You?!o Vol . 226February 1,2020 CurrentControversies. .. otherthan Impeachment .• YOUARE FOLLOWINGTHIS BLOGYou are fol lowi ngthis blog, alongwith 216 otheramazing people(mana ge).From:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks, John.From: Holdren, John P.Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 22:38:10 +0000Holdren, John P.RE: Antiviral SNA white paper(b)(6) ------------ Sent: Wednesday, March 25, 2020 4:27 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] ======= (~b~~(6~)Subject: FW: Antiviral SNA white paperDear Tony-I know you are overwhelmed, but the attached whitepaper on a vaccine-development idea might beworth a look . You may member Chad lv1irkin as a member of the Obama PCAST whose extraordinarycontributions across a range of science and engineer ing issues have landed him in the NAS, NAE, andNAM, among other distinctions - a verr smart guy.Aside from that, thank you for your courageous truth-telling in the incredibly demanding situation inwhich we find ourselves.My best,JohnJohn P. HoldrenTeresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental PolicyJohn F. Kennedy School of GovernmentProfessor of Environmental Science and PolicyDepartment of Earth and Planetary SciencesAffiliated ProfessorJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied ScienceHARVARD UNIVERSITYAssistant: (b)(6) ---------------------------From: Chad A Mirkin (b)(6)Sent: Wednesday, March 25, 2020 3:57 PMTo: Holdren, John P. Cb)~ >Cc: Robert A Lamb CbH6)A; ndrew Lee -------------(b)(6)Subject: Antivira l SNA white paper(b) (4)Thanks and best regards, ChadVr. ~uci 5 Mqrc.~ 1'1c.J,1es.sJ 3r~<-/<c,tr,/°pj),· <:./<S N11' ftvt,1.:>A H £ ( rc:Jc ' I\ (I VC•""" RI}// wA NQc1kt 1.al Mo~k-)(s (Cf OIOVt N,S I 11flvt1W1HIIIJSARS W,stN1le.T MCl2.5 \Jest N,leMl/lS.. f<.ott'SC.o 01"1~ I \},) C:&ol«5 s ,..lfpo;(0(0(10.\11 (\J!,cf,olq0 5. ...1.1 0 fT~--An f:bol,u a, ,Jq...,f'O,< ,_ -- folioMe~lc:.$THt•ro g/) Hcf .. }i~,s BH M('o.$1<} zko.Mo le> z ;kc. (b)( 6)t07:w/J tjCheers,John T. Brooks, MDChief Medical Offi cer, CDC COVID-19 Respon seEmail (b)(6)Apologies for error s in my messages that may be due to my need todictat e.E:s-I'1l1)\JfsT
From:Sent :To:Subject:John:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 22:18:05 +0000John DirksRE: Great leadershipThanks for the note, Much appreciated.Best,TonyFrom: John Dirks (b)(6)Sent : Wednesday, March 18, 2020 5:24 PM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- CbH6)> Subject: Great leadershipTony, I admire the tremendous leadership and expertise you are provid ing during this COVID-19 crisis-Iknow it not easy-but your advice is so credible and listened to, Best John DirksFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Thanks, Lew-----Original Message -----Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 22:17:08 +0000Lewis M DrusinRE: CoronavirusFrom: Lewis M Dmsin _______ "("b'"")"..(.6,=.)>Sent : Wednesday, March 18, 2020 11:-24- -A-M- --~~ To: Fauci , Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)._ ______ (_b)_(6.)Subject: Coronavirn sTonyWhen people ask me about coronavi rus, f j ust tel I them to listen to you. Your calm, steadfast exp lanation of tbescience is a major factor in the public trusting government to resolve this incredible publ ic health cris is. Hope youare doing well.Best wishes as alwaysLewFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:Nadia:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 20:21:16 +0000EI-Gabalawy, Nadia (PHAC/ASPC)(b)(6)RE: Hello from Canada!Many thanks for your kind note.Best regards,TonyFrom: EI-Gabalawy, Nadia (PHAC/ASPC-) ----------- (b)(6) Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 2:48 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] --------------=---=-(b)-(6-) :-= Subject: Hello from Canada!Hi Dr. Fauci,I thought I would reach out to you amidst this crisis; I respect the work you're doing a great deal.- Hani EI-Gabalawy, did a research sabbatical at NIH _______________________ _Amazing work that you're doing. I've been following your discussions and scientific innovat ion regardingCOVID-19. I've been working for the federal government in Intelligence for about thirteen years andrecently moved to the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network Secretariat to support the EmergencyOperations Centre at the National Microbiology Lab. I've been with the NML for almost my wholecareer.Just a quick hello and deep respect for your work. My colleagues and Director have said that we' re onthe exact same page as you, in terms of your perspective and assessment of the pandemic. Althoughthere is a border between us, know that we are in agreement with your work and I'm thrilled to see youadvising the public. There is no better person to do the job.Kindest regards,Nadia EI-GabalawyTeam Lead, Support Services, Canadian Network for Public Health Int elligencePublic Health Agency of Canada/Government of Canada(b)(6)(b)(6)Chef d'equipe, Services de soutien, Reseau canadien de renseignements sur la sante publiqueAgence de la sante publique du Canada/ Gouvernement du Canada(b)(6)(b)(6)From:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 20:19:01 +0000Anderson, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E]Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E];Clifton, Dawn (NIH/N IAID) IE]Subject: RE: LIR Requests for DIR Supplemental Funding (non-COVID related) - PLEASEREVIEWLooks fine.From: Anderson, Jennifer (NIH/NIA ID) [E] ---------- (b)(Sent : Monday, March 30, 2020 9:38 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E]- -----~ (b)(6=)> ,..;...;:...;;.!:====~~~~ Cc: lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E) _____ Cb_H_ ; Clifton, Dawn (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>Subject: LIR Requests for DIR Supplemental Funding (non -COVID related) - PLEASE REVIEWHi Dr. Fauci,Please review the attached requests for DIR Supplemental Funding on behalf of LIR investigators. I havefurther summarized the requests in the table below . I took the liberty to provide a suggested rankingbased on funding need. Dr. Lane has reviewed the requests and agrees with the rankings as well.Sincerely,JenniferPriorityCost Order forPl Supplement Description LAB(b)(5)(b) (5)Jennifer M. Anderson , PhDDeputy Branch Chief1AM B/OAS/N IAI D9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10 Rm. 6A19ABethesda, Maryland 20892Office Phone : Cb()6 )NIH Cell: (b)(6)Personal Cell: (b)(6)FAX: 301-402-4122(b)(5)From:Sent :To :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 20:18:33 +0000Brian KelsallSubject: RE: What can be done?Thanks, Brian. That recommendation is in the works.From: Brian Kelsall (b)(6).TSoe n: tF:a Mucoin, dAanyth, oMnya rc{hN IH30/N, I2A0I2D0) 1[E0:]1 --7- --P-M-- ----~-~- --(b)(6) Subject: Fwd: What can be done?Dear Tony,I'm lucky to have thoughtful neighbors . Please see the email that I received from Sue Edwards. Becauseof the likelihood that there are so many asymptomatic cases, isn't it time to recommend everyonewhere a mask of some kind? Not N95 masks or even surgical masks that should be reserved for firstresponders and hospital staff, but some face covering?Best, BrianSent from my iPhoneBegin forwarded message:From: Sue Edwards (bH >Date : March 30, 2020 at 1:15:06 PM EDTTo : Brian Kelsall (b)(6)Subject: What can be don e?Why can't the CDC make a public service announcement that everyone should be wear ingsome kind of mask@ in public? It doesn't have to be N95 or even surgical though thatwou ld be ideal (as is done in every Asian country) given that the virus is actuallyaerosolized (several studies confirm this ) and that it can be spread by asymptomaticcarriers (which account for possibly more than half of the positive cases - we will neverknow) it seems obvious that food markets are no different from hospitals and in manycases worse since at least in hospitals people are wearing some protective equipment ...just say wear a cotton mask, a scarf, a bandanna , a DIV paper towel mask .. whatever- butno one should be going to a market without one and absolutely no one working in a storeor stocking supplies or delivering food, packages, mail etc should be allowed to workwithout something covering the face- th is includes pharmacists as well, obviously D wtf lswrong with this country?What use are gloves? When the offending particles are escaping our faces and floatingaround for several hours, landing on everything around us ... the only place it shouldn't beas critical is outdoors in the sunshine where UV light should deactivate viruses fairlyquickly ...SueHope you are all well - and can give me some hope that this message get through the thickskulls of the so called experts ... even during the 1918 flu epidemic, everyone wore somefacial covering when out in public places - what is going on?EVERY ASIAN country is employing this approach with much greater success at slowing therate of transmission - even India!https ://www.nytimes.com/202 0/03/2 7 /hea Ith/ us-coronavir u s-face-masks. htm Ihttps://medium.com/better-humans/a -pract ical-guide-t o-covid -conta inment-orifice-byorifice-80c2f3f167beSent from my iPhoneFrom:Sent :To:Cc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 20:07:20 +0000Harold SlavkinCollins, Francis (NIH/OD) [ElSubject: RE: reaching out t hinking of youHal:Thanks fo r your note. These divergent phenotypes are truly puzzling. I have copied Francison this e-mail in case he has any additiona l though ts.Best regards,TonyFrom: Harold Slavkin -------(-b)(-6)> Sent : Thursday, April 2, 2020 4:04 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/ NIAID) [E] -------= (b")'"("=6)•>Subject: Fwd: reaching out thinking of youBegin forwarded message:From: "Harold C. Slavkin" ----- (b)(6) Subject: reaching out thinking of youDate: April 2, 2020 at 11 :39:40 AM PDTTo: Cb)C6)Cc: "Somerman, Ma1tha (NJH/NTDCR)[ E]"- ------- (b)(6)Hi Toni,You continue to be "the role model" for leaders inbiomed ical research these many decades. I am soproud of your effort s during the se remarkable tim es inhistory . Thank you! !! I cherish those 5 years {1995-2000) that I served as Director of NIDR (that becameNIDCR) when we were able to co-sponsor effort s touti lize saliva as an informative fluid for HIV detect ion .For me that was an invaluable opportunity to be part ofHarold Varmus' leadership team and to continue myresearch within NIAMS.I was inspired by your public comments a few nightsago on CNN regarding your observations of significantvariance in the pathogenesis or phenotypes noted forsubsets of critically ill patients with COVID-19 onventilators in ICU. I was immediately reminded of DavidFeinberg (CEO of UCLA Health Sciences, more recently5 years at Geisingers, and currently CEO of GoogleHealth Companies) who used genotyping forpopulations around Lancaster PA and discovered about3-4% with undiagnosed genetic diseases that translatedinto reduced costs of hospitalization, treatments, etc.Kaiser-Permanente Northern California, and manyother systems, have also used this approach sincesequencing has become cost effective . Perhaps a selectsample of people who require ICU, and another thatrequire ventilator, might inform the genotype of themost susceptible people and might also inform a targetto use to discover what existing drug or therapy couldbe mobilized. Through your position, might therealready be a large data set of whole genome sequences(e.g. military) that could be rapidly explored usingbioinformatics?As you may recall, my personal research activities havefocused on craniofacial diseases and disorders. Forexample, Osteogenesis Imperfects (0.1.) presentscardiopulmonary disorders in addition to bone andtooth disorders. Since penetrance varies, cases of rarecond itions can illuminate "hidden" SNP abnormalitiesin key gene clusters (e.g. MHC gene clusters, etc.).Considering lung disorders as you mentioned in yourcomments about pathogenesis, already known genemutations that present several major phenotypesincluding pulmonary diseases could become veryuseful. Perhaps Francis and others at the NIH couldcreate a trans-NIH approach that is enabled to visit thispandemic from the perspective of human phenotypevariance discovered via genomics?I asked Martha Somerman to explore the talentsavailable at NIDCR (and beyond) related to connectivetissue genetic diseases that associate with Types 1 and111 collagens, elastics, and hyaluronic acidglycoproteins AND lung tissue fibrosis, etc . She mayalso reach out to you.Meanwhile, thank you for your untiring efforts to usescience to inform health policy. Of course, let me knowif I can be of any use to you .Always, HalFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Susan:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 19:42:21 +0000Susan CorriganRE: CoronavirusThank for the note. I hope that all is well with you.Best regards,TonyFrom: Susan Corrigan (b)(6);,,sent: Wednesday, April 1, 2020 10:29 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]_ _____ "("b"..),(.=,6. ):>Subject: CoronavirusDear Dr. Fauci,I have seen quite a bit of you on television. I live in Miami now. South Florida is the epicenter of thecoronavirus. I wish Governor Desantis would shut down the state of Florida. Thank you from (b)(6)Susan CorriganFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Ralph:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 19:41:04 +0000Nader, RalphRE: COVID-19 QuestionI am so sorry that I took so long to get back to you. I receive over 1000 e-mails per day andeven with staff screening, I do not see them for days. There is still an issue/prob lem withserologic tests in that they need to be va lidated as being sensitive and specific. Many tests thathave been used t hus far are not accurate and ARE MISLEADING. The UK bought millions ofthese from China and found that they were inadequate. The FDA is in the process of validatingcertain tests this week and if they pass, then we can expect to have tests w ithin the next fewweeks to do the things that you have suggested.Best regards,TonyFrom: Nader, Ralph (b)(6)Sent : Wednesday, April 1, 2020 9:35 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)( > Subject: COVID-19 QuestionDear Dr Fauci,I hope this email finds you wel l.Thank you for everyth ing you are doing for our country in these difficult times.I realize your time is extremely valuable - especially during these times.I have one question - if you can help me answering it.Why are serologic tests not made abundantly available during these times?This will help in so many ways:- Can it be used to triage healthcare workers? Naturally "vaccinated" healthcare workers may be bet tertriaged to be on the front lines fo r example, taking care of COVID-19 patients. {In times of limited PPE,documentation of natural immunity is probably one of the best PPE's out there)-Another major use for it:People can be asked to remain home, until they have documentation of natural immunization .Serologic tests are very cheap, can be mailed, and done at home.Immunized individuals can carry the test as "proof" of immunity - and may be able to go back to worketc.It is just a thought. It may be a very candid question that I am asking.But while we are waiting for a vaccine (and this will take several months), some people may be able tobenefit from a very cheap test (that can be done at home) to short-circuit that waiting time.Thank you for everything you are doing to our country,You are such an inpiration to us all.I wish you all the best.Thank you.RalphRalph Nader, MDRenal Fellow - Boston Medical CenterInstructor of Medicine - Boston University School of MedicineEmail -------- (b)(Phone: -----(b)(6)Pager: (b) (6)This electronic transmission may contain information that is privileged, confidentia l and exempt fromdisclosure under applicable law. If you are not the intended recipient , please notify me immediately asuse of this information is strictly prohibited.From: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent : Sun, 12 Apr 2020 19:29:52 +0000To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [ElCc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Folkers, Greg (NIH/N IAID) [E];Routh, Jennifer(NIH/NIAID) [E];Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIA ID) [E)Subject: RE: documentary interview request: PBS+ Topspin ProductionsLet us discuss this tomorrow before we do anything. No one has any "exclusives" on anythingabout me.From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 3:27 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El ~======::---:'!..-~ Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El Cb)( '>; Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6)>; Routh, Jenn ifer (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH >; Stover, Kathy(NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)(6)>Subject: RE: documentary interview request : PBS+ Topspin ProductionsFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 3:01 PM(b) ( '>-----~~ To: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]=======~ (b")"'-C:-;= Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>; Routh, Jennife r (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)( ; Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)( 6)> Subject: RE: documentary interview request: PBS+ Topspin Productions(b)(S Happy to discuss.From: Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E] ______ (b_) .~ >Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 2:55 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El _____ __(,b...).,(."6,")>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El CbH6J>F;o lkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El(b) (5)(b)(S)(b)(6)>; Routh, Jennifer (NIH/NIAID) [E)- ---------- (b)( ; Stover, Kathy (NIH/NI A ID) [E) ______ (b_H _6)>Subject: ASF: documentary interview request: PBS+ Topspin ProductionsWe have received a request from the PBS program "American Masters" and Topspin Productions to do adocumentary about you. Their near-term ask is one or two brief video-l ink phone interviews during thenext few months. After the coronavirus pandemic has subsided, they would like to do "a proper sitdownin which you could tell us the stories that speak to the key moments in your remarkable career."On the face of it, this might seem to overlap with the Tobias/Hoffman project, but in the end I thinkthey'd be quite different products. Please let me know if you'd like us to seek clearance to proceed.On Apr 7, 2020, at 9:26 AM, Lia Carney <lia@topspinconten t.com> wrote:Hi Laura,Nice to speak yesterday. See below for formal reque st and informat ion about the series. Jfyou wouldn 't mind confirming receipt of th is email, I can make sure to let me partners inthis project know it is in the correct hands . Stay safe and thank you .Dear Dr. Fauci,To re-introd uce myself, I am Lia Dosik Carney , (b)(6) and an executiveproducer in Los Angele s. As you'll remember, we filmed with you last summer as a majorparticipant in a documentary we were producing centered around infect ious disease. Than kyou again for parti cipati ng and taking the time . It was great to hear about yourextraordinary career as well as a few interesting stories abou t (b) (6)Obviously even ts have taken over all of our lives . Like everyone else in this country, I amvery grate ful for your honest and steadfast leaders hip as we navigate our new reality.During this time , we 've been rethinking how we want to proceed with our docume ntary andhave come to reali ze focusing on you, your experi ences over the decades, how you have metevery challenge presented to you, would give all of us a roadmap for the future.To that end we are now in partn ership wi th AMERICAN MASTERS , PBS ' flagship seriesthat profiles and hon ors outstanding Americans. Together we would like to produce acomprehen sive look at your life, your experiences and your ins ights into how to deal withthe recurring diseases that conti nue to plague our lives.I have included below an introductory email from American Masters Executive Produce r,Michael Kantor , which will give you a broader sense of that exceptional PBS series and theextraordinary work they produce.We all lrnow how limited your time is now - and all of us are so appreciative of what youare doing. We re:spectfu lly hope you will allow u:s to chronicle your life in medicine. Weknow that as we emerge from this late st crisis - understanding how you were able to dealwith earlier plagues (HIV-Aids for instance) will - we hope - give all of us a betterunderstanding of the challenges all of us will continue to face.Appreciate your consideration. With respect, LiaDear Dr. Fauci,My name is Michael Kantor and I am the Executive Producer of the PBS AMERICANMASTERS series. I believe you know (b)(6)- I am writing today to see if you would allow us to make a film on your life andcareer. We would require very little of your precious time right now, perhaps oneor two very brief video-l ink phone interviews over the next few months, just as youhave appeared on Trevor Noah's The Daily Show and spoken with basketball starSteph Curry. Later this year, after the current crisis has subsided, we would findtime in your busy schedule for a proper sit-down in which you could tell us thestories that speak to the key moments in your remarkable career.I am excited to work with Lia Carney and Topspin Productions on this project,because it has been important to me to expand the roster of AMERICAN MASTERSfilms to include scient ists. Over its 33 year history , our series has profiled artistssuch as Leonard Bernstein, Maya Angelou and Raul Julia, athletes including BillieJean King and Ted Williams, and now we are presenting the stories of JamesWatson and Oliver Sacks in our pantheon of great films. Our series is dedicated totelling biographies with the utmost care, and for that reason we have beenhonored with awards like the Emmy, the Peabody, the Grammy and even anOscar.We would be honored to have you join us in our public television effort to educateAmericans about the domestic and global health issues that have been the focus ofyour career . This letter is brief because we respect your time, but we sincerelyhope that you will join us in creating a documentary of distinction for a broad anddiverse national audience.Sincerely yours,Michael KantorMichael KantorExecutive ProducerAmerican Ma stersThirteen I WNET825 Eighth AvenueNew York, NY 10019-7435212-560 -6975 (office)<image001.png>American Masters websiteFacebook !Twitter I TumblrFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSun, 12 Apr 2020 18:25:39 +0000Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: RE: Clarification in the chapters on Human Immunodeficiency virus disease:AIDS and related disorders ( Chapter 197 ) page 1445 and Toxoplasma infections ( Chapter 223 ) page1615, in Harrison's principles of internal medicine-20th EdThanks .From: Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 2:24 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) (E]-- -------- ---- --(b~)( 6) Subject: Re: Clarification in the chapters on Human Immunodeficiency virus disease: AIDS and relateddisorders ( Chapter 197) page 1445 and Toxoplasma infect ions ( Chapter 223) page 1615, in Harrison'sprinciples of internal medicine-20th EdI responded to him and copied Kami Kim. He misread the two sections. We are saying the same things.I did not copy you.From: Anthony Fauci < Cb) (6)Date: Sunday, April 12, 2020 at 2:13 PM -------~~ To: "Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)(6) --------- Subject: FW: Clarification in th e chapters on Human Immunodefici ency virus disease: AIDS andrelated disorde rs ( Chapter 197 ) page 1445 and Toxoplasma infections ( Chapter 223 ) page1615 , in Harrison's pr inc iples of internal medicine-20th EdPlease take a look at this. We get these inquiries from Ind ians all the time. They read HPIMvery carefully. Is there anything we need to change here?From: Viswanathan Neelakantan (b)(6)> ---------- Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 3:35 AMTo: (b) (6); Fauci, A_nt_ho ny.. :{.N_.I._H.;_/N, IAID_); _[E.l: ....;_=======-(b-)(-6)Cc: Lane, Cliff (NIH/N IAID) [El (b)(6)Subject: Clarification in the chapters on Human Immunodeficiency virus disease: AIDS and relateddisorders ( Chapter 197) page 1445 and Toxoplasma infections ( Chapter 223) page 1615, in Harrison'sprinciples of internal medicine-20th EdDear Professor Anthony Fauci and Professor Kami Kim,Greet ings from Pondicherry , India. This is Dr K Neelakantan Viswanathan, Senior Professor of Medicinein a medical school here.Going through your excellent chapter, [Chapter 197) in page 1445, on AIDS and related disorders inHPIM-20, under secondary prophylaxis/ maintenance therapy for Toxoplasmosis it is said that "it maybe discontinued in the setting of effective cART and increases in CD4+ T cell counts to > 200 /microliter for 6 months".In page 1615, another wonderfully written chapter, ( Chapter 223) on Toxoplasma infect ions, ProfessorKami Kim has mentioned that " individuals who have completed initial ther apy for TE should receivetreatment indefinitely unless immune reconstitution with a CD4 + T cell cont of >200 occurs as aconsequence of cART".Since both feature in the same textbook followed worldwide by medicos, could you please clarify theabove?I stand subject to any correct ions.Hoping that we fight Covid-19 effective ly very soon. Stay safe.Regards and best wishes,Professor Dr K N ViswanathanFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Science Speaks:Thanks , Dan.Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 18:19:06 +0000Daniel LuceyRE: COVID-19: Rembrandt's Belshazzar's Feast in a time of chiaroscuro 2020 I-----Original Message-----·..------- --,.-s-,:;aa.From: Daniel Lucey (b) (Scot : Saturday, April 11, 2020 5: 14 PM- -------- ~ To : Fauci, Anthony (N1H/NIAlD) [E] CbHCc: Da ni el Lucey (bH >Subject: COVTD-19: Rembrandt 's Belshazzar' s Feast in a time of chiaroscuro 2020 I Science Speaks:Tony, Thank you for the immens e 24/7 contribution you are making to our nation. Your wife is right: Pis get moresleep and meals! Before Easter tomo rrow I am sharing this brief Old Testament story to which I gave a 2020interpretation. Today' s IDSA posting I am emphasizing that simultaneous antibody and virus RNA tests shou ld bedone on "relaps ed" or "reinfected " Covid-19 patients e.g. , South Korea (N=91), China , elsewhere. I am lookingforward to giving NIAID Grand Rounds May 1st with Barney Graham and John Beig e!. Dan (b)(6)https://sciences peaksblog .org/2020 /04/09/covid-19 -rembrandt s-belshazzars -foast- in-a-time-of-chiaroscuro-2020 /Sent from my iPhoneFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 18:12:0 1 +0000Barton Haynes, M.D.Subject: RE: coach K vi deo for DHVIThanks, Bart. Glad to have you working on the COVID-19 issue.From: Barton Haynes, M.D . .__ ______ Cb().6.).>,,Se nt: Sunday, April 12, 2020 8:47 AM ------~= To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Subject: RE: coach K video for DHVICoach K and I came to duke on the same day in 1980 and (b)(6)- ... when I was chair and he wasn't quite so famous, he used to see all my division chiefrecruits and help me recruit. He is a really good guy, as you know.Am on the francis Collins-appointed NIH working group for COVID19 vaccines, first meet ing in the am ...Will continue to flog CoV2 simultanelously while making good progress on HIV. This past week had 4HIV SABS, CHAVD, an IPCAVD, an HIVRAD we have with Scripps, and our GMP unit.. ... all on line. Notmessing around .... All went really, really well.Thanks for all you continue to do.Best bartFrom: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Sent: Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 10:32 PMTo: Barton Haynes, M.D. _______ C>b~6J>Subject: RE: coach K video for DHVIVery nice!!From: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)Se nt: Friday, April 3, 2020 8:21 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)_ _____ "("b"")"("=6' )Subject: coach K video for DHVIHi tony; if you get a chance, here is a 3 min. video Coach K did last week for DHVI. I sent it to all 270DHVI members and they were very inspired!Thanks for sending your interview with K. it is terrific.All the best BFrom: Jon Jackson (b)(6)>Sent : Thursday, March 26, 2020 12:59 PMTo: Barton Haynes, M.D. ________ Cb _>C6J>Subject: Re: saw your videohttps://www.dropbox.com/s/2f6b142lv63el0f/lMG 0250.MOV?dl=0Sent from my iPhoneFrom:Sent:To:Cc:(NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject:OK. We can discuss .Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 202017:27:46 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E);NIAID OD AMStover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E);Leifman, Laura (NIH/NIAID) [E];Routh, JenniferRE: SerosurveyFrom: Folkers, Greg {NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 11:26 AMTo: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Cc: Stover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)( •>; Leitman, Laura (NIH/NIAID) [E)-------- (b)(6); Routh, Jennifer {NIH/NIAID) [E) (b)(6) Subject: RE: SerosurveyMarilyn Marchione: I'm writing to request a chance to embed with a team doing a coronavirusserosurvey, to tell a public health story from the front lines as I believe I'm uniquely positionedto do.(b)(5)Let us discuss in a.m.-----O riginal Message-----From: Marchione, Marilynn <MMarchione@ap.org >Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:56 AM ------~= To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6l>Cc: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6l>C; onrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E]CbH6)S; tover, Kathy (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6l>;L eifman,Laura (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: FW: SerosurveyHello Dr. Fauci,I hope you are stayi ng well in these trying times.I'm writing to request a chance to embed with a team doing a coronavirus serosurvey, to tell apublic health story from the front lines as I believe I'm uniquely positioned to do. I've made asimilar request to the CDC, but the nationwide reach of the NIAID serosurvey might make myproposal easier to consider, so I'm coming hat in hand to you as well.Twenty years ago, as a temporary CDC employee during a four-month Knight Journalismfellowship , I had the opportun ity to take the EIS course in Atlanta and then work on several CDCoutbreak and disease invest igations . One was a serosurvey on Long Island after West Nile virushad recently emerged in the U.S.I headed one of a dozen CDC teams that included a driver, a phlebotomist and a health aidefrom the New York state and Suffolk County health departments. We went door-to-door toconsent part icipants, get blood samples and do interviews on exposure and symptoms.I appreciate the tremendous scientific value that serosurveys offer and the kind of attention todetai l and study rigor that's needed to get reliable information. I'm also a longtime medicaljournalist who understands and is sensitive to confidential ity, ethical and privacy concerns. I'vebeen recognized by my peers as a science writing leader .https :lj casw. org/ casw / a rti cle/m a ri lyn n-m arch ione-associated-press-wi ns-victor-coh n-prizeI've attached some letters from CDC and othe r health officials regard ing my work on theserosurvey, a photo of the EIS and CDC team (that's me toward the right in the front row) andthe MMWR report resulting from our work . The field supervisor -- Dr. Anthony Marfin, nowwith the global vaccine group PATH ( (b)(6) is willing to speak to you on mybehalf. Dr. Richard Besser, now president of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundat ion, was myfellowship superviso r and mentor at CDC. Others I worked with include Dr. Anne Schuchat, Dr.John Ward, Dr. Robert Tauxe and Dr. Lyle Petersen .And of course, you know me from nearly three decades of medical writ ing, includ ing theHIV/AIDS government trip to Africa when Tommy Thompson was healt hy secretary.The Associated Press reaches half of the world 's population every day. I hope to offer a storythat I and the AP are uniquely able to provide , to show and explain how public health is doneand how science is accompl ished during a pandemic . Thank you for considering my request.Marilynn MarchioneChief Med ical WriterThe Associated Press(b)(6)mmarchione@ap.orgTwitter: @MMarch ioneAPThe information contained in this communication is intended for the use of the designatedrecipients named above. If the reader of this communication is not the intended recipient, youare hereby notified that you have received this communication in error, and that any review,dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you havereceived this communication in error, please notify The Associated Press immediately bytelephone at +1-212-621-1500 and delete this email. Thank you.From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 202017:12:57 +0000Barton Haynes, M.D.Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyOf course. No problem.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:10 PM To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]-- --------~-=- -- (b)(6)> Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyIf he wants also to talk to me should I also talk to him?From: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b) ( > Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:09 PM --------~= To: Barton Haynes, M.D. ---------- (b)(6) Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyYes to your questions.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b) (6) > _________ _,.Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:06 PM -----~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyI know you don't have time to answer these but if you do fine, if not, ok.Just don't want to screw something up.Is it fair to say that shelly was not only a mentor but a father figure. You and shelly were very close.also fair to say shelly was your most impo rtan t mentor in your career?Tx bartFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:44 PM To: Barton Haynes, M.D. -_-_-_-_-_-_-_- ~ C_b)_~(6_)'Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyBart:No problem. Go for it!Best.TonyFrom: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:26 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -----------~-~-- (b)(6) Subject: FW: Wall Street Journal storyHi tony; the fellow who wrote the article about you as point guard for St. Regis and the nation from theWall street journal wants to talk to me about shelly wolff and you per below. is that ok? I will of coursesay only those things that are unbelievable but t rue .... which are all wonderful.. ... best bartFrom: Ben Cohen <ben.cohen@wsj .com>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:31 AM --------~~ To : Barton Haynes, M.D . ..._ ________ Cb _) _(6)Subject: Wall Street Journ al storyDr. Haynes ,I'm a reporter from the Wall Street Journal and, more important , a friend of Ben's from Duke.l've written quite a bit about your mentor and friend Dr. Fauci in the last few weeks, and I'mworking on another story now that I was hoping you might be able to help with.This story is about his mentor, Dr. Wolff , and how Dr. Wolff helped tum Dr. Fauci into theperson he is today. I would love to hear more about their relationship from your perspective. Iknow this is an insanely busy time, but would you have a few minutes to chat by phone?Thanks very much for your help. I hope you're safe and well in Durham.All best ,BenBen CohenThe Wall Street Journal212-416-3420 (o)(b)(6) c)ben.co hen@ws j.comFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 17:10:22 +0000Barton Haynes, M.D.Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyThanks.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. _______ Cb_)(.6..),>,Se nt: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:10 PM -----~~ To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyI am going to refer him to you per the last note. Best bartFrom: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b) ( > Se nt: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:09 PM -------~~ To: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)> _________ .,Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyYes to your questions.From: Barton Haynes, M.D. _________ (b) (6_), .>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1 :06 PM ------~= To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyI know you don't have time to answer these but if you do fine, if not, ok.Just don't want to screw something up.Is it fair to say that shelly was not only a mentor but a father figure. You and shelly were very close.also fair to say shelly was your most important mentor in your career?Tx bartFrom : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:44 PM --------~ ~ To: Barton Haynes, M.D. _________ C_b)_(6_)'Subject : RE: Wall Street Journal storyBart:No prob lem. Go for it!Best.TonyFrom: Barton Haynes, M.D. (b)(6)>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:26 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -----------~-~-- (b)(6) Subject: FW: Wall Street Journal storyHi tony; the fellow who wrote the article about you as point guard for St. Regis and the nation from theWall street journal wants to talk to me about shelly wolff and you per below. is that ok? I will of coursesay only those things that are unbelievable but t rue .... which are all wonderful.. ... best bartFrom: Ben Cohen <ben.cohen@wsj .com>Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:31 AM -------~~- To : Barton Haynes, M.D . ________ Cb)_(6),....Subject: Wall Street Journ al storyDr. Haynes ,I'm a reporter from the Wall Street Journal and, more important , a friend of Ben's from Duke.l've written quite a bit about your mentor and friend Dr. Fauci in the last few weeks, and I'mworking on another story now that I was hoping you might be able to help with.This story is about his mentor, Dr. Wolff , and how Dr. Wolff helped tum Dr. Fauci into theperson he is today. I would love to hear more about their relationship from your perspective. Iknow this is an insanely busy time, but would you have a few minutes to chat by phone?Thanks very much for your help. I hope you're safe and well in Durham.All best ,BenBen CohenThe Wall Street Journal212-416-3420 (o)(b)(6) c)ben.co hen@ws j.comFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 17:08:21 +0000Neil Lacey - COOTRE: THANK YOUThanks, Neil. I appreciate your note.Best,TonyFrom: Neil Lacey- COOT <neil.lacey@state.co.us>Se nt: Sunday, April 12, 2020 1:05 PMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) ----- -= (b=H=6J>Subject: THANK YOUThank you Dr. Birx and Dr. Fauci:At a time when America needs it most both of you have courageously stood at the podium at the WhiteHouse press briefings and explained what we all need to be doing during this paralyzing COVID-19pandemic. When othe rs have failed to lead, multiple task forces have struggled prioritizing safety fi rstbefore economics, both of you have tag teamed presenting the data and the analytics of COVID-19 bydecoding its complexities and giving us the "honest t ruth" in language that is easy to understand . Thevirus will end when it ends and not before. Thank you both for your service to the nation and for doingyour jobs with conviction and commitment in doing the right thing - sticking to science and not yieldingto politics . America is immensely grate ful for both of you telling us all what we need to hear and whatwe need to do. You are both giants in the world of medicine .Very appreciative,Neil Lace(b)(6)Sent from my iPhoneFrom:Sent :To:Subject:Bart:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 17:07:23 +0000Barton Haynes, M.D.RE: Wall Street Journal storyI would be happy to talk to him about Shelly. People like to make stories as opposed toreporting on a story. Shelly was one of my best friends and mentor , but I was me way before Imet Shelly, and so I am not really sure what he means by saying that Shelly " ... he lped turn Dr.Fauci into the person he is today".Best,TonyFrom: Barton Haynes, M.D ----------(b)(6) Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:45 PM ------ ~= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]- ------- (b)(6)> Subject: RE: Wall Street Journal storyOf course the reason I am asking is tha t it is presumptious for me to talk to him about shellys influenceon you .... perhaps I should just refer him to you?Don't want to do anything either inappropriate, non helpful or what you don't what. Best bartFrom: Barton Haynes, M.D.Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 12:26 PM To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] _-_-__-__-_-__-__-__-_-_ --------=- C_b>:_C-6): -=Subject: FW: Wall Street Journal storyHi tony; the fellow who wrote the article about you as point guard for St. Regis and the nation from theWall street journal wants to talk to me about shelly wolff and you per below. is that ok? I will of coursesay only those things that are unbelievable but true .... which are all wonderful.. ... best bartFrom: Ben Cohen <ben.cohen@wsj .com>Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:31 AM -------- -=-s:"'=<l To: Barton Haynes, M.D. ---------- (b)(6) Subject: Wall Street Journal storyDr. Haynes,I'm a reporter from the Wall Street Journal and, more important, a friend of Ben's from Duke.I've written quite a bit about your mentor and friend Dr. Fauci in the last few weeks, and I'mworking on another story now that I was hoping you might be able to help with .This story is about his mentor, Dr. Wolff, and how Dr. Wolff helped tum Dr. Fauci into theperson he is today. I would love to hear more about their relationship from your perspective . Iknow this is an insanely busy time, but would you have a few minutes to chat by phone?Thanks very much for your help. I hope you're safe and well in Durh am.All best ,BenBen CohenThe Wall Street Journ al212 -4 16-3420 (o)(b)( (c)ben.cohen@ws j.comFrom:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 12:30:56 +0000To:Cc:Conley, Sean P. CDR USN WHMO/WHMU;Short, Marc T. EOP/OVPBirx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC;Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [ElSubject: RE: 15 minute Coronavrius machinesThanks, Sean.From: Conley, Sean P. CDR USN WHMO/WHMU --------- (b)(6)Sent: Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 11:18 PM To: Short, Marc T. EOP/OVP ------------------ (~b)(= •> ; Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El (b) (6) >Cc:B irx, Deborah L. EOP/NSC ----------(b)( >; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E) (b )( 6)Subject: Re: 15 minute Coronavrius machinesI'll look into the possibility of freeing up a machine for investigation.SeanSent from my iPhoneOn Apr 11, 2020, at 10:15 PM, Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)>wrote:Ma·-L~--c-.------------------------.. ~ (b) (5)TonyAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of Health(b) (5)Bethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone : (b) (6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confident ial and maycontain sensitive information . It should not be used by anyone who is not theoriginal intended recipient. If you have received th is e-mail in error please inform thesender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices . The Nationa lInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for anystatements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representa tives.From:Sent :To:Subject:Marc:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 12:30:19 +0000Short, Marc T. EOP/OVPRE: 15 minute Coronavrius machinesThanks for the note. Understood . I wish you a peaceful and enjoyable day with your family.Best regards,TonyFrom: Short, Marc T. EOP/OVP (b)(6)Sent : Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 11:57 PM -----~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] CbH6J>Cc: Conley, Sean P. CDR USN WHMO/WHMU -~-~~====-(b,)(:6)_>; _B_irx:,_ D~eb orah L. EOP/NSC (b)(6) >; Lane, Cliff (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ---------- Subject: Re: 15 minute Coronavrius machinesDr Fauci,You correctly noticed the symptoms but misdiagnosed the root cause. I(bXS)PCEApologies for a poor poker face. Best wishes to you and your family for a blessed Easter celebration ofour Savior's resurrection.Thanks for all you do,MarcSent from my iPhoneOn Apr 11, 2020, at 10:15 PM, Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E) _______ (b)(6_),wrote:Marc:TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b) (6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confident ial and maycontain sensitive information. It should not be used by anyone who is not theoriginal intended recipient. If you have received this e-mail in error please inform thesender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. The NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liability for anystatements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made on behalf of theNIAID by one of its representa tives.From:Sent :To:Subject:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sun, 12 Apr 2020 12:28:27 +0000Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [ElFW: Fearing appointmentPlease respond as appropriate.-----Original Message-----From: Daniel Kolliker _________ (~bH=6)>Sent: Sunday , April 12, 2020 4:53 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)._ _____ (b)_( _,>Subject: Fearing appointmentDear Mr Fauci,We are really wondering over here in Europe why you don't take a dedicated opinion on COVID-19 and share youropinion at the daily briefings to the extent of your personal believes.We really expect you to oppose the president wherever you have a different opinion, which we believe is based onfacts.Please consider our request and don't let the president keep spreading his lies to the people of the United States.We would really appreciate watching you on the briefing s telling the nation the truth that is based on yourexperience straight to the point.Thank you so much,Daniel Kolliker and acquaintancesFrom:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSun, 12 Apr 2020 12:27:36 +0000Lerner, Andrea (NIH/N IAID) [ElFW: ---------(b)(4)Please take a look at th is and respond as you see fit. Thanks.From : (b)(6) ----------------- Sent : Sunday, April 12, 2020 5:54 A-M- ---- ::;..,..-,= To : Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>(b)(4)Subject : ==========:----------------------(b) (4)Dear Dr. FauciI know that you are very occupied .Please handle the draft confidentially .Thank you very much!Sincerely, D. Novosel, Switzerlandwww.novosel.ch(b) (4)From:Sent :To:Cc:Subject:(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 22:57 :51 -0400Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [C];Mascola, John (NIH/VRC) [ElTeleconferenc e next week1 have asked john Mascola to connec t with you to set up a conference call with john, me, Carl, Emily some time nextweek. Subject is out of the box chinking about COYID-19From:Sent:Eisinger, Robert {NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSat, 11 Apr 2020 22:08 :16 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: FW: Letter sent on behalf ofChancellor Jeffrey P. Gold, M.D.This is another email from Jeff Gold at UNMC in response to an email that you sent him.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Assistant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infect ious DiseasesNationa l Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, Room 7A-03Bethesda MD 20892Telephone: (b)(6)Email: (b)(6)From: Gold, Jeffrey P (b)( >Sent : Saturday, Apr il 11, 2020 3:12 PM -------=-=--== To: Fauci, Anthony {NIH/NIA ID) [E] (b)(6)>Subject: Re: letter sent on behalf of Chancellor Jeffrey P. Gold, M.O.Tony,Many thanks for taking the time to respond. Please let me know if I can help in any way.Our mobile device app (developed with Apple) has been quite helpful and is growing in use (over lOK) asa screening, referral and surveillance tool for several user sets.Just one of the many areas we continue to develop .Best wishesjeffFrom: "M. Anthony S. Fauci" --------- (b)(6)> Date: Saturday, April 11, 2020 at 1:52 PMTo: "Go ld, Jeffrey P" (b)(6)Subject: RE: let ter sent on behalf of Chancellor Jeffrey P. Gold, M.D.Non-UNMC emailJeff:Many th anks for your kind not e. Hope that all is well with you .Best regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892-2520Phone: (b) (6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: -------------------- (b) (6) On Behalf Of Gold, Jeffrey P Sent: Friday, April 10, 2020 12:57 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) ~_,: __ _;__:,..:.:==:===:;;---------Cc: Gold, Jeffrey P (b)(6)Subject: Letter sent on behalf of Chancellor Jeffrey P. Gold, M.D.Importance: HighApril 10, 2020Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases5601 Fishers Lane, MSC 9806Bethesda , MD 20892-9806(b)(6)Dear Dr. Fauci:I write simply to thank you and congratulate you for your incredible efforts during the management ofthis pandemic as it reaches across our nation . The unique challenges that this pandemic hascreated have also created opportunities , and we here at the University of Nebraska Medical Centerhave proudly participated with our federal, state and local partners during this COVID-19 pandemicas well as over the last 16 years, having matured an extensive program in the research, education,and clinical components of highly infectious diseases and biocontainment.The UNMC Center for Global Health Security has been the umbrella organization that has organizedall of these components and continues to have strong leadership from retired military public healthas well as gifted research scientists from across the nation. As a co-founding partner of NETEC, asa recipient of the Regional Disaster Health Service Awards, and as a close collaborator with theDepartment of Health and Human Services, the Department of Defense, the Department ofHomeland Security and the Department of State, we have enjoyed the opportunity to always "leanin" as the need arises.I am sure your days are full not only of the complex logistics and tension that fill leadership roles atthis time but also maintaining a "steady hand on the rudder" as we navigate these challengingwaters. I think back to my days at New York Presbyterian and Cornell Med, knowing that we areboth Cornell Med grads, both did our residency and fellowship training in New York, and have hadthe opportunity to interact back so many years ago. I do remember quite well the first time that wemet and have always reflected warmly at having even a brief opportunity to interact.I do not write to ask for anything but to just simply thank you for all that you continue to do and knowthat you always have a friend here in Nebraska. I wish you and your family the very best as wecontinue this journey.Most sincerely,(b)(6)Jeffrey P. Gold, M.D.Chancellor(b)(6)Administrative Associate IChancellor Jeffrey P. Gold's OfficeUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center986605 Nebraska Medical Center I Omaha, NE 68198-6605____ (b_H_6)1 fax 402.559.4396(b)(6)UNMC I Facebook [facebook .com] I Twitter [tw itter .com) I lnstagram (instagram.coml I YouTube[youtube.coml I Flickr lflickr.comlThe informat ion in thi s e-mail may be priv ileged and confidential, intended only for the use of theaddressee(s) above . Any unauthorized use or disclosu re of this informat ion is prohibited. If you havereceived this e-mail by mistake, please delete it and immediately contact the sender .The information in this e-mail may be privileged and confidentia l, intended only for the use of theaddressee(s) above. Any unauthorized use or disclosure of this informat ion is prohibited. If you havereceived this e-mai l by mistake, please delete it and immed iately contact the sender .From:Sent :Eisinger, Robert (NIH/NIAID) [El on behalf of Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSat, 11 Apr 2020 22:02 :38 +0000To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject:Attachme nts:FW: Please send me your cell phone#.COVID-19 Craig Schirmer Memo 04 .10.20.pdfThis email is from Jeffrey Sachs.Robert W. Eisinger, Ph.D.Special Ass istant for Scientific ProjectsImmediate Office of the DirectorNational Institu te of Allergy aod Tnfectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health31 Center Driv e, Room 7 A-03Bethesda MD 20892(b)(6)(b)(-----Original Messag-e-----------, ~= From: Jeffrey Sachs (b) (Sent: Saturday, April 11, 2020 4:50 PM-- ---~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) > ______ ___,Subject: Re: Please send me your cell phone # .Looking forward to speaking ,JeffOn 4/11/20, 4:28 PM, "Fauci, Anthony (NTH/NIAID ) [E)"- ------- (b)( wrote:Mine is -----(b)(6)(b) (4)From: (b)(6)Sent :To:Subject:Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:25:18 -0400Evans, Michele (NIH/NIA/IRP) [E]Re: Covid-19 Health DisparitiesMichele:Many thanks for your note.Best regards,TonyOn Apr 7, 2020 , at 8:28 PM, Evans , Michele (NIH/NIA /IRP ) [E](b) (6) > w rote:Dear Dr. Fauci,Thank you from the bottom of my heart for highl ighting the healthdisparities and dispropor tionate burden of disease influencing outcomeof Covid-19 infections in African Amer icans. Participants in myobservational, longitudinal, epidemiologic Baltimore -based study,HANDLS https://handls.nih.gov/ are terrified by the level of disease they areseeing in their communit ies across Baltimore. We have been on thephone with and texting participants to educate them , support them intheir efforts to get tested, remind them of the importance of socialdistancing and self-isolation when appropriate to protect theirhealth . We are acutely aware of the ir fragility. Testing in Baltimore islimited. The National Guard has set up community test ing at thePimlico Race Track; however , although we have deployed our mobilemedical research vehicles to Pimlico in the past to conduct our study,the current crime rate is such that our partic ipants and communityresidents in general do not go to the Pimlico area especially if they areon foot. The other issue with testing for African Americans and ourparticipants is the need to have a health care provide r that one cancontract to discuss symptoms to get a refe rral for testing. Theunravelling of the Affordable Care Act has severely impacted access forAfrican Americans across the nation and especially in Baltimore . Ourparticipants are calling my staff clinician and nurse practitioner forreferrals if they have symptoms. We have reached out to colleagues atHealth Care for the Homeless, JHU and other medical entities tofacilitate access.Thank you all you are doing. Since I work in Baltimore, I haven't seen(b)(6). The current pandemic however, reminds meof the days of the AIDS epidemic when I worked as Sam Broder'sspecial assistant for underserved populations wh ile Peggy Hamburgworked for you . I was in awe of you and Sam then and I remain in aweof you today. I have known many Regis men ... but you are clearly headand shoulders above them all.Michele K. Evans, M.D.Deputy Scientific Director &Chief,Health Disparities Research SectionNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthNIH Biomedical Research Program251 Bayview BoulevardSuite 100 Room 4C-222Batimore, Maryland 21224Email: (b)(6)Tel. (b)(6)https://irp .nih.gov/pi/michele-evanshttps://handls .nih.gov/From:Sent :To:Cc:(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:22 :40 -0400Janet TobiasConrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [El· ----------- (b)(6) Subject: Re: Updates: FilmJanetAll this sounds fine and workabl e.Thanks ,TonyOn Apr 7, 2020 , at 8:31 PM, Janet Tobias <janet@ ikanamedia.com>wrote :Dear Tony and Patty:Responses to Burklow 's questions to me from your group call yesterday:1) I think we have landed in the right place for the film about yom life. Nat Geo,Disney, and Bob Iger himse lf, all understand the need for discretion now but arewildly supportive about relea sing a film that will celebrat e the importance of yourlife, science and public hea lth. I wanted the bes t home, broades t distribution , andstrongest team for your film. You have entrusted me with your sto1y, so I ju st wantto do right by it. We are really happy with the filming that we have done so farpersonal (b)(6) home, school) to work ( office etc).3) The other film we have been working on (ENDING AIDS), which followsgloba lly the HVTN trials/latest Aids research to comp lete " the toolbox" is definitelystill happening. It is now in pause with COVID-19 . . .. but will move forward againwhen we get through this. Filming at research sites in South Africa, US, and LatinAmerica has been great...and when you have time - in the future- I will outline .You obviously are a key subject in ENDING AIDS also , but ENDING AIDS willspend a lot of time with doctors at the field research sites and with volunt eers in thetrials. The Aids conference and meetings footage we have shot with you wi ll beshared between films, smart ly and distinctly. ENDING AIDS will be released ayear plus later than the release of your biographical film- I am focuse d on your filmnow. Howard Hughes Medical Institute remai ns the educational pa1iner on ENDINGAIDS. In the fall we will fina lize the broadcast/streaming partner for ENDINGAIDS. So, bottom line it will be released a year after your film , and will be a filmfocused on showing in detail where we are now with aids research and the keypeople in the chain from you 10 a young fem ale voluntee r in South Africa/a youngmale volunteer in Binningham.FILMING REQUESTS for your film now.4) NO more ask ing to film with the Task Force.5) I do have two persona l filming requests for you - would it be poss ible to drive toNIH with you once or twice a week and capture your working/ap propriat econversat ions in the car. That will be so helpful narratively to tracking you rscientific and communic ation leadership. The footage we did that first day is trulygreat. We will just tum around and come back after the ride there--- in our followcar (we have NIH access badges). Second ly, would it be possible to sit down withyou on camera for J 5 minutes once a week ( on the weekend?) at the office or on theback deck/some safe location to talk with me in real time about what you aremanaging with treatments , vaccines , etc. so we can pull thescientific /conunw1-icatio11 nanative on COVID-19 through your film.6) We love the live truck and the walks, so whenever that works we will be there.7) l NEVER ever want to interfere with the work on the Task Force, lives are atstake. IF something doesn't work for filming no questions asked we don' t do it, westop, cancel/pivot. No need to explain, the team here understands and only wants todo what works for you, your team . .. , (b)( '1 .With appreciation ,JanetFrom:Sent:To:(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:14 :53 -0400Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: Fwd: Invitatio n to speak to ABEA in virtual meetingNoBegin forwarded message:From: "Allen , Clint (NIH/NIDCD) [E]" (b)( >Date: April 8, 2020 at 9:16:55 AM EDTTo: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]" <f (bH6);>Subject: Invitation to speak to ABEA in virtual meetingDr. Fauci-Almost embarrassed to ask, but would you be willing /able to speak virtually to theAmerican Broucho-Esophagological Association (abea.ne t) on Friday April 24th?This year marks the 100th anniversary of this venerable organi zation that bringstogether clinic ians (mainly Otolaryngologi sts) who care for patients with complexupper aerodigestive tract disorders. Our annual National Meeting has been cancelledand we are hosting a virtual meeting it it's stead.As Otolaryngologi sts, we are curren tly and expect to continue to be dramaticallyimpacted by the current pandemic, given that our care for patients rout inely includesupper airway endoscopy (30-40 scope proc edures a day is routine) which as youknow is a high-risk aerosolizing procedure. As I'm sure you are aware,Otolaryngolgists have been amongst the hardest hit clinicians in terms of patient-toprovidertransmission of COVID-19.Your input for 10- l 5 minutes would be an honor. Discussion topics could includegeneral comments about the pandemic, a sense of what to expect in the comingmonths and years, and what we can do as medical leaders to prepare for thesechanges in the US and abroad.If this is something you are intere sted in, with whom on your communications teamcould I communicate?Thanks so much for the consideration - your brief presence and input would mean agreat deal to our society.Clint AllenFrom:Sent :To :(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:08:26 -0400Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: Fwd: Council of Scientific Society Presidents Support of Science AwardAttachments : Fauci_CSSP_ Award.pdf, ATT00001.htm , CSSPB rochure_2019 v3.pdf,ATT00002.htmLet us discuss. They want to give me an award virtually. Probably should accept if it requiresno time or workBegin forwarded message:From: "Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E]" (b)( >Date: April 9, 2020 at 10:52:49 AM EDTTo: NIAID OD AM <NIAIDODAM@niaid.nih.gov>Subject: F,v: Council of Scientific Society Presidents Support of ScienceAwardPatricia L. ConradPublic Health Analyst andSpecial Assistant to the DirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesThe National Institutes of Health31 Center Drive, MSC 2520 - Room 7 A03Bethesda, Maryland 20892(b)(6)301-496-4409 faxDisclaimer:The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confiden tial and may contain sensit ive informat ion. Itshou ld not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If you have rece ived this e-ma il in errorplease inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or any other storage devices. National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liabil ity for any statement made that are sender's own and notexpress ly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Mosher, Sharon <smosher@jsg.utex as.edu>Sent: Thursday, April 9, 2020 10:31 AMTo: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------,;; (b")"(='"6')Cc: Barasch, Kimberly (NIH/NIAID) [CJ (b)(6b; Conrad, Patricia(NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)( >Subject: Council of Scientific Society Presidents Support of Science AwardDear Dr. Fauci;Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) would like to honor you with ourSupport of Science Award at our May Leadership Workshop (virtual). The purpose of th isaward is to honor those who have proven the ir outstand ing support of U.S. science, freescientific communication, and a support of basic science research. The expertise withwhich you guide the United States through these unprecedented COVID-19 times simplyreinforces the dedication you exhibit to ensure the greatest safety to the greatest numberof US citizens.Dr. Martin Apple talked to Kim Barasch earlier this week. Please find the attached formalinvitation letter she indicated that was needed. I have also attached a PDF of a brochure,though most information is on our website .If you or Kim have any questions, please let me know by email or phone .Sincerely,Sharon MosherSharon MosherFarish Chair and ProfessorThe University of Texas at AustinJackson School of Geosciences2305 Speedway, Stop C1160Austin, TX 78712-1692(b) (6) (cell)smosher@jsg.utexas.eduFrom:Sent :To:Cc:(b)(6)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 16:04 :03 -0400Alison GalvaniSubject:Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E);Seyed Moghadas ;Singer,Burton HRe: Your Submission THELANCETID-D-20-01518R1Thanks, AlisonOn Apr 9, 2020, at 7:46 PM, Alison Galvani ---------- (b)(6>) wrote:Hi Tony,I thought you might be interested in our projections regard ing ventilator needs in theUS. The brief report ( attached) was accepted at Lancet ID yesterday. Funded byNIAID :)Take care,Alison---------- Forwarded message ---------From: Phoebe Hall <em@editoria lmanag er.com>Date: Wed, Apr 8, 2020 at 9:36 AMSubject: Your Submis sion THELANCE TID-D-20-01518RlTo: Galvani, Alison (b)(6)Dear Professor Galvani,Reference: THELANCETID-D-20-01518Rl, Projecting the demand for ventilatorsat the peak of COVID-19 outbreaks in the United StatesI am pleased to tell you that your submission , Proj ecting the demand for ventilatorsat the peak of COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States, has been accepted forpublication in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.In due course you will receive, electronically , a set of pdf proofs of your article .Please note that because of our varied and international readership, The LancetInfectious Diseases edits heavily to a strict house style. Thus, changes willinevitably be made to your manuscrip t at this time. There will also probably be afew final editorial queries at this stage. Please correct and return these pages by thedeadline stated in the covering email.Finally, please note that The Lancet Infectious Diseases is committed to supportauthors in making their work publicly and freely available. The editors encourageauthors to post a word-processed document (NOT the published journ al article asPDF) of their peer-reviewed, accepted article on personal or institutional websitesany time after publication in print or online . Your document should include thearticle citation and a link to The Lancet Infectious Diseases's homepage . Please notethat posting and distribution of PDF or HTML documents, however, is notacceptable and breaches your copyright agreement.Please complete the following Journal Publishing Agreement:https :/ /nam0 5. safe links. pro tee tion. ou tlook.com/?url =https%3 A %2F%2Fwww. thelancet.com%2Fforauthors%2Fforms%3Fsec tion%3Djpa&data =02% 7C0 1 % 7Calison.galvani%40yale. edu¾ 7 Cl c0ddd00e9ca4 l 3 f77 l 008d 7 d be 1e52 9% 7 Cdd8cbebb2 l 3 94df8 b4 l l 4e3e87abeb5c%7C0 %7C0%7C637219498130294598&:sdata =WoXBAmJN sM9SBkf aeGK.Azv AN g%2BSzbZAw94aO5%2BAtP%2FY%3D&:reserved =0Please retain a copy for your files and email a completed copy toHALLP@science.regn.net. Please ensure all the pages are returned.WHO AUTHORSIf you or any of your co-authors are employed directly by the World HealthOrganization , you have the option of either signing Elsevier 's standard agreement orour WHO/Elsevier non-exclusive licence agreement. Please contact our DeputyOperations Manager, Marco Conforti (m.conforti @elsevier.com) for a copy of theWHO agreement.Yours sincerely ,Phoebe HallSenior EditorThe Lancet Infectious DiseasesE-mail: phoebe.hall @lancet.comIn compliance with data protection regulations , you may reque st that we removeyow-personal registration details at any time. (Use the following URL:https :/ /nam05. safe links. pro tee tion. outlook.com /?url =https%3 A %2F%2Fwww. editorialman ager.com%2Fthelance tid%2Flogin.asp%3Fa%3Dr&:data =02% 7C0 1 % 7Calison. galvani%40yale.edu% 7C 1 c0ddd00e9ca413f77 l 008d7 dbc 1 e529% 7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4 114e3e87abeb5c %7C0% 7C0% 7C637219498130294598&:sdata=jKlkjtzfbMH6UMOPZ%2BvavnATDZkEB9y2up55tmx UA5A %3D&:reserve d=0). Please contact the publication office if you have any questions.Alison Galvani , PhDDirector, Yale Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA)Burnett and Stender Families Professor of EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthYale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT 06520(b)(6)http ://c i dma.yale.e du/Follow me at @Alison_Galvan;Follow CIDMA @YCJDMA<Briefr eport on ventilator needs.docx>From:Sent :To:Cc:Subjec t:Jack:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 19:56:00 +0000Jack KillenAuchincloss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [E]RE: From Jack Killen & Fred BoykinMany th anks fo r you r kind note.Best,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)(b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : Jack Killen (b)(6)Sent: Tuesday, April 7, 20201 :31 PM -------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Cc: Auchinclo ss, Hugh (NIH/NIAID) [E] ----------- (b)(6)Subject: From Jack Killen & Fred BoykinDear Tony:This is a quick note to say Fred and I have been watch ing you every day, in awe, fo r weeks now. Wecould not be more grateful for your leadership, wisdom, courage, and integrity . Our country could notbe more fortu nate that you are still there in guiding us through this terr ible time. Needless to say, manymemories of our years working together have been in the forefront of our minds.On a ersonal note (b)(6)(b)(6)My epidem ic battling skills are rusty , but if there is anything I can do to help in any way, please know Iare here for you. Fred is as well.Godspeed, and please take care of yourself. Best to you, ---(b)- (6-lan-d your family.Jack Killen MD(b)(6)From:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/N IAID) [ElSat, 11 Apr 2020 19:50 :06 +0000George GAOSubject: RE: Vaccine - confidential PPTGeorge:Thank you for you r kind note . All is well despite some crazy people in thi swor ld.Warm regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail Cb()6 )The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From : George GAO (b)(6)Sent: Wednesday, April 8, 2020 4:36 AM -------=-:-=, To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El- ------- (b)(6) Subject: Re: Vaccine - confidential PPTTonyI saw some news (hope it is fake) that are being attacked by some peopl e. Hope you are well und ersuch a irrational situation.___________________________ Cb _> (4) Thank you for yourintro duction.All the best and stay safe.BwGeorgett 2020~3~ 29 B, 09:07, Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El -------- (b)(6)>~~ :George:Thanks for the note. I understand completely. No problem. We will get through thistoge t her.Bed regards,TonyOn Mar 28, 2020, at 8:50 PM, George GAO _____ Cb_H_6J wrote:Dear TonyI know you are working extremely hard with a lot of pressure. Hope the USsituation is getting bettereventully. I saw the Science interview, how could Isay such a word "big mistake" about others? That was journalist's word ing.Hope you understand. It was NOT a real interview but a QaA through socialmedia for several days when ge asked me what China has done and isworking on. Lets work toget her to get the virus out of the earth.Best wishesGeorgett 2020~3~ 3 B , 21:10, Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [El(b)(6) ~~ : --------George:Thanks for the note. I will send th is to Dr. JohnMascola Director of the NIAID Vaccine ResearchCente r and Dr. Barney Graham to follow-up withyou .Best regards,TonyAnthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuilding 31, Room 7A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (301) 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments isconfidential and may contain sensitive information. Itshould not be used by anyone who is not the originalintended recipien t. If you have received this e-mail in errorplease inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox orany other storage devices. The National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall not accept liabil ity forany stateme nts made that are the sender's own and notexpressly made on behalf of the NIAID by one of itsrepresentatives.From: George GAO (b)( 6)Sent: Tuesday, March 3, 2020 7:12 AM ------~~ To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b)( 6) Subject : Vaccine- confidentia l PPTDearTonyHope th is email finds you well and the US will soon get t heCOVID-19 down .All t he bestGeorge~§fta-9 iPhone<20200303 For Gao laoshi.pptx>(b) (4)From:Sent :To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 19:27:03 +0000Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: RE: ASF - note from Mary Jane Walker !! FW: Catching upThanks, Mary Jane!Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive, MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda , MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (30 496"'4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not express ly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [El ---------(b)( 6)> Sent: Thursday, April 9, 2020 10:23- P-M- -----, .....,..,= To: Fauci, Anthony (N_IH;/_N..I_A ID .) .[:E.l. .:.-.:.!:==~~(b)~(6-) -- Cc: Maryja ne Walk er (b)(6)Subject: ASF - note from Mary Jane Walker!! FW: Catching upFrom: Maryja ne WalkerSubject: Catching upDate: Apri l 6, 2020 at 9:23:13 PM EDTTo: CbH6)Hi Tony,(b)(6)I hope that you are doing well despite all th at you are dealing with around COVID-19. It has been manyyears since I had the opportun ity to work wi th you but my job at NIAID was one of my favorite positionsand gave me a great start to my career. So, when I saw the below graphic, it made me smile and Iwanted to send you a note .I tr uly appreciate how you are handling the COVID-19 situation. Your comments are a breath of fresh airamidst poli tics and uncertainty . With daily White House press brie fings, increased security and scrutiny,24/7 media interviews and great popularity, you seem to be holding up well - as you always do. Yourrecent interview with JAMA's Editor-in-C hief Howard Bauchner was particularly well done and veryenlightening .Thank you for everything that you are doing and please stay healthy!Kind regards,Mary JaneFrom: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent: Sat, 11 Apr 2020 18:35 :53 +0000To: Crawford , Chase (NIH/NIAID) [ElCc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIA ID) [E);Billet, Courtney (NIH/ NIAID) [El;Haskins,Melinda (NIH/NIAID) [E);Selgrade, Sara (NIH/NIAID) [E)Subject: RE: Attn Dr. Fauci: Key Point s for Congressional Black Caucus Briefing Call -Monday 11:30a .m.Thanks. Please make sue that it is printed out mand given to me before thebr iefing .Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: Cb) (6)FAX: (301 496-4409E-mail: (b)(6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother stor age devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Crawford, Chase (NIH/NIAID) [El (b)(6)Sent: Friday, Apri l 10, 2020 7:19 PM --------=-:-:-= To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Cc: Conrad, Patricia (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6) >; Billet, Courtney (NIH/NIAID) [E](b)(6)>; Haskins, Mel inda (NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)( >; Selgrade, Sara(NIH/NIAID ) [E] (b)(6)Subject; RE: Att n Dr. Fauci : Key Points for Congressiona l Black Caucus Briefing Call - Monday 11:30a.m.Dr. Fauci,Attached is an updated "one- pager" for your call on Monday with members of theCongressional Black Caucus. At Greg's recommendation , we have addedinformation on the NIH-supported serosurvey tha t was announced this afternoon.Please let me know if I can be of furthe r assistance {Chase cell : ------ CbH6))Thanks,ChaseFrom: Crawford, Chase (NIH/NIAID) [ElSent: Friday, April 10, 2020 5:16 PM -----~ = To: Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E] < (b)( >Cc: Conrad, Patricia {NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>; Billet, Courtney (NIH/N IAID) [El(b)(6)>; Haskins, Mel inda {NIH/NIAID) (E] (b)(6)>; Selgrade, Sara(NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)Subject: Attn Dr. Fauci: Key Points for Congressional Black Caucus Briefing Call - Monday 11:30a.m.Dr. Fauci,On Monday, April 13t h, at 11:30 a.m., you are scheduled to part icipate in aninformal di scussion / t elebriefing regard ing health dispari t ies and COVID-19 withmembers of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC). Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA,including Oakland and Berkeley) - former CBC chair - made the request. A list ofexpected call participan ts is below the signatur e line of thi s email.I have attached a "one-pager" to provide some background on health disparitie sand COVID-19 that includes informat ion on NIH COVID-19 research that may berelevant to the di scussion. As you are aware, we do not have any COVID-19stud ies directly focused on t he African American community. Hilary and Greghave provided input .Please let me know if I can be of furthe r assistance (Chase cell : ------CbH6))Thanks,ChaseList of CBC call participantsRep. Barbara LeeRep. Karen Bass (CBC Chair)Rep. Robin Kelly (CBC Health Braintru st Chair)Rep. G.K. Butt erfi eldRep. Yvette ClarkeRep. Cedric RichmondRep. Brenda LawrenceRep. Steve HorsfordRep. Ayanna PressleyFrom:Sent:To:Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 18:10:39 +0000(b)(6)Subject : FW: Wpost : Gilead's experimental drug remdesivir shows 'hopefu l' signs insmall group of coronavirus patients https://wapo.st/2wzjsy2Geeez ....Anthony S. Fauci, MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone: (b)(6)FAX: (3 96':44li9E-mail (b) (6)The information in this e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient . If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives.From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] -------- (b) (6)> Sent : Friday, April 10, 2020 5:30 PMSubject : Wpost: Gilead's experim ental drug remdesivir shows 'hopeful' signs in small group ofcoronavirus patients https ://wapo.st/2wzjsy2BusinessGilead's experimental drug remdesivir shows'hopeful' signs in small group of coronaviruspatientsTwo-thirds of severely ill patients showed improvement intheir oxygen therapy level when treated with the antiviraldrugwo ampuls of remdesivirare pictured during a news conference at the University Hospita l Eppendorf (UKE) in Hamburg, April 8,2020, as the spread of coronavirus disease (covid-19) continues. Ulrich Perrey/Pool via REUTERS(Pool/Reuters)ByChristopher RowlandApril 10, 2020 at 5:25 p.m. EDTA major ity of a small group of patients showed improve ments after being treated with an experimentalcoronavirus treatment made by Gilead Sciences, bolstering hopes for finding a treatment for thedisease, according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine Friday.The group of patients received the anti -viral drug remdesivir as part of a "compassionate use" tria l, not adoub le-blind placebo-control led tria l which wou ld offer more definitive evidence. Also, the cohort ofpatients was small, only 53 patients in the United States and around the world . Those limiting factorsprevent scientists from declaring that the drug works .Still, the improvements offered positive news about a drug seen by global health authorities as offeringthe best shot at becoming a treatment for the disease.Thirty six patients out of 53 - or two-thirds - showed improvement in oxygen support, trial authorssaid. Seventeen of 30 patients who were on ventilators were able to be taken off the life-supportmachines."We cannot draw definitive conclusions from these data, but the observations from this group ofhospitalized patients who received remdesivir are hopeful," said Jonathan D. Grein, MD, Director ofHospital Epidemiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, and lead author of the journal article."We look forward to the results of controlled clinical trials to potentially validate these findings ."While 68 percent of the patients showed improvement in the level of oxygen support they needed, 13percent died, the NEJM study said. That 13 percent compares favorab ly to mortality rates of 17 to 78percent in China among severely ill patients, the authors wrote .Gilead's stock has been bolstered for weeks by expectat ions over remdesivir .Remdesivir was discovered by Gilead in the hunt for antiviral drugs about a decade ago, and theNationa l Institutes of Health has partnered with the company to explore its benefits. It was shown towork against an array of viruses in laboratory tests.It showed effectiveness in primates infected with Ebola but failed in a trial in the Democratic Republicanof Congo in humans with the deadly disease. It has shown effectiveness as a preventive therapy inprimates for MERS, which is a coronavirus cousin of the Covid-19 virus.There are no treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat coronavirus, but theFDA has granted an emergency use authorization for the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine,two decades-old anti-malarial drugs. There is scant evidence that the therapy works, but PresidentTrump has repeatedly boosted the promise of the drugs.Even while multiple full clinical trials of remdesivir continue, Gilead hasbeen swamped with requests for"compassionate use" of the drug . Under compassionate use rules, physicians can obtain experimentaldrugs for their seriously ill patients when there is nothing else to try.Gilead said last week that it had enough of the experimental drug on hand to treat up to 140,000 peopleunder compassionate use programs.0 CommentsChristopher RowlandChris Rowland joined The Washington Post business team in 2018 after serving as the Washingtonbureau chief for the Boston Globe, leading coverage of two presidential elections and overseeingpolitical enterprise reporting . He previously covered health care for the Globe in Boston.FollowDisclaimer: Any third-party material in this email bas been shared for internal use under fair use provisionsof U.S. copyright law, without further verification of its accuracy/veracity. It does not necessarily representmy views nor those of NIAID, NIH, HHS, or the U.S. government.From:Sent :Fauci, Anthony (NIH/NIAID) [E)Sat, 11 Apr 2020 18:09:19 +0000Subje ct: FW: New Yorker: How Anthony Fauci Became Ameri ca's Doctorhttps://bit. ly/2y3h3fiThis is the actual arti cle fo r which I prev iously sent you a link.Anthony S. Fauci , MDDirectorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectiou s DiseasesBuild ing 31, Room 7 A-0331 Center Drive , MSC 2520National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-2520Phone Cb) (6)FAX: (301 496-4409(b)(6)E-mail: _ __,. ,_, (b)(6)The information inlh ,s e-mail and any of its attachments is confidential and may contain sensitiveinformation. It should not be used by anyone who is not the orig inal intended recipient. If youhave received this e-mail in error please inform the sender and delete it from your mailbox or anyother storage devices . The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) shall notaccept liability for any statements made that are the sender's own and not expressly made onbehalf of the NIAID by one of its representatives .From: Folkers, Greg (NIH/NIAID) [E] (b)(6)>Sent : Friday, April 10, 2020 4:30 PMSubject: New Yorker: How Anthony Fauci Became America 's Doctor https://b it .ly/2y3h3fiAnnals of MedicineApril 20 , 202 0 IssueHow Anthony Fauci BecameAmerica's DoctorAn infectious-disease expert's long crusade against some ofhumanity's most virulent threats.By Michael SpecterApril 10, 2020., I .."You stay completely apolitical and non-ideological," Fauci says. "I'm a scientistand J 'm a physic ian. And that's it. " Illustration by Tyler Comrie. Photograph by Win McNamee I GettyJust before 1nidnight on March 22nd, the President of the United Statesprepared to tweet. Millions of Americans , in the hope of safeguardingtheir health and fighting the rapidly escalating spread of COVID-19 , hadalready begun to follow the sober recommendation of Anthony S. Fauci,the country 's leading expert on infectious disease. Fauci had warnedAmericans to "hunker down significantly more than we as a country aredoing." Donald Trump disagreed. "WE CANNOT LET THE CURE BE WORSETHAN THE PROBLEM ITSELF," he tweeted .Trump had seen enough of "social distancing." In an election year, hewas watching the stock market collapse, unemployment spike, and thenational mood devolve into collective anxiety. "I would love to have thecountry opened up, and just rarin' to go by Easter ," he said, on FoxNews. "You 'll have packed churches all over our country. I think it'll bea beautiful time."Trump 's Easter forecast came more than two months after the first U.S.case of COVID-19 was identified , in Washington State, and more than ahundred days after the novel coronavirus emerged , first from bats andthen from a live-animal market in the Chinese city of Wuhan. Every day,more people were falling sick and dying. Despite a catastrophic lack oftesting capacity , it was clear that the virus had reached every comer ofthe nation. With the Easter holiday just a few weeks away , there was nota single public-health official in the United States who appeared to sharethe President 's rosy surmises.Anthony Fauci certainly did not. At seventy-nine, Fauci has run theNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for thirty-six years ,through six Administrations and a long procession of viral epidemics:H.I.V. , SARS, avian influenza , swine flu, Zika, and Ebola ainong them.As a member of the Administration's coronavirus task force, Fauciseemed to believe that the government's actions could be directed , evenif the President's pronouncements could not. At White House briefings ,it has regu larly fallen to Fauci to gently amend Trump's absurdities ,half-truths, and outright lies. No, there is no evidence that the malariadrug hydro xychloroquine will provide a "miracle" treattnent to stave offthe infection . No, there won't be a vaccine for at least a year. When thePresident insisted for many weeks on denying the government's inabilityto deliver test kits for the virus, Fauci, testifying before Congress , putthe matter bluntly. "That 's a failing," he said. "Let's admit it."When Trump was not dismissing the sever ity of the crisis , he wasblaming others for it: the Chinese , the Europeans, and, as always, BarackObama. He blamed governors who were desperate for federal help andhad been reduced to fighting one another for lifesaving venti lator s. Inone briefing, Governor Andrew Cuomo , of New York , said, "It's likebeing on eBay with fifty other states, bidding on a ventilator." Trumpeven accused hospital workers in New York City of pilfering surgicalmasks and other vital protecti ve equipment that they needed to stayalive. "Are they going out the back door?" Trump wondered aloud.As a reporter who writes mainly on science and public-health issues ,I've known Fauci since the H.I.V ./ AIDS epidemic exploded , in the rnideighties.He once explained to me that he has developed a method fordealing with political leaders in times of crisis: "I go to my favorite bookof philosophy , 'The Godfather ,' and say, 'It's nothing personal, it'sstrictly business.' " He continued, "You just have a job to do. Evenwhen somebody's acting ridiculous , you can't chide them for it. You 'vegot to deal with them. Because if you don't deal with them, then you'reout of the picture."Since his days of advising Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush,Fauci has maintained a simple credo: "You stay completely apoliticaland non-ideological, and you stick to what it is that you do. I'm ascientist and I'm a physician. And that's it." He learned the value ofcandor early. "Some wise person who used to be in the White House, inthe Nixon Administration, told me a very interesting dictum to live by,"he told me in 2016, during a public conversation we had at the fifty-yearreunion of his medical-school class. "He said, 'When you go into theWhite House, you should be prepared that that is the last ti1ne you willever go in. Because if you go in saying, I'm going to tell somebodysomething they want to hear, then you've shot yourself in the foot. ' Noweverybody knows I'm going to tell them exactly what's the truth."Americans have come to rely on Fauci's authoritative presence. Perhapsnot since the Vietnam era, when Walter Cronkite, the avuncular anchorof the "CBS Evening News," was routinely described as the most trustedman in America, has the country depended so completely on one personto deliver a daily dose of plain talk. In one national poll, released lastThursday, seventy-eight per cent of participants approved of Fauci'sperformance. Only seven per cent disapproved.On March 23rd, Fauci failed to appear at the daily briefing in the WhiteHouse pressroom. Twitter promptly lost its mind. #NoFauci became atop trending topic, followed closely by #whereisFauci and#letTonyspeak. There was speculation that Trump, who is inclined tofire anyone who disagrees with him or, worse, garners some praise in themedia, had lost patience with Fauci . As one of Fauci's old friends toldme, "This is a President who doesn 't give a shit about Fauci'saccomplishments, his history, or his learning. If anything, they'renegatives."The truth was less alarming. "I was tied up in a task-force meeting , andwe were trying to work out some difficult policies ," Fauci said. "I haveno trouble with the President. When I talk to him, he listens." Myexperience with Fauci suggested that this last statement was perhaps atriu1nph of pragmatism over accuracy. His priority, as he's made clear, isto do what is necessary to save lives. So I was not surprised to receive ane-mail from Fauci the following day, saying that he had been asked torefrain from participating in personal profiles. It seemed that it was onething for him to talk about the news with reporters or even to chat onInstagram with Stephen Curry, the Golden State Warriors star. Butfocussing on himself, rather than on the President, was another thingentirely.Fauci and Trump are about as odd a duo as American political life hasever produced . Both men are in their seventies. Both come from theouter boroughs of New York City. Both are direct, even blunt. But that'swhere the resemblance ends. Fauci has always been a person of unusualdiscipline. Nearing eighty, he works about eighteen hours a day. Longago, when his three children were young , he and his wife, ChristineGrady, who runs the bioethics department at the National Institutes ofHealth, decided to maintain the sanctity of family dinners by startingthem when he got home from the office, at around nine o'clock. Fordecades, Fauci has taken long lunchtime runs, but, during the crisis, he 'scut back his routine to power walking- and only on weekends. Fauciparses his words with care and believes , above all, in the power of factsand the efficacy of data.ADVERTISEMENTDavid Baltimore , a Nobel laureate and a pioneer of molecular biolog y,told me, "Tony is unique , in that he has such credibility with politiciansthat he's been able to insert hard facts into the conversation. That hasbeen wonderful for our country and the world." According to DavidRelman, a microbiologist at Stanford University who for years hasadvised the government on biological threats, "Tony has essentiallybecome the embodiment of the biomedical and public -health researchenterprise in the United States. Nobody is a more tireless champion ofthe truth and the facts. I am not entirely sure what we would do withouthim."Fauci can be impatient with the compromises of politics . In myconversations with him, he has responded furiously when a diceyamendment, a bogus rider, or a "poison pill" is attached to a publichealthbill. He recalled one congressional provision, in 2016 , that tried tomake it "legally permissible to fly the Confederate flag at nationalcemeteries. I am not kidding. " When dealing with politician s, he toldme, he relies on the pseudo-Latin expression Illegitimi noncarborundum: Don't let the bastards grind you down. But he hasinspired respect throughout the political world and beyond. Fauci 'soffice walls are covered with scores of photographs of him withPresidents , senators , visiting Prime Ministers , business leaders , actors. InOctober, 1988, George H. W. Bush , during a Presidential debate withMichael Dukakis , was asked who his heroes were. "I think of Dr.Fauci ," Bush replied. "You 've probably never heard of him .... He's avery fine researcher , a top doctor at the National Institutes of Health ,working hard, doing something about research on this disease of AIDS. "These days , nearly everyone has heard of Fauc i. Pandemic-memorab iliaentrepreneurs have put his face on bottle openers , coffee mugs , andbumper stickers: "In Dr. Fauci we trust." The National Bobblehead Hallof Fame and Museum has produced a seven-inch likeness of him, partlyto raise money to produce protecti ve gear for medical workers. There's aFacebook group called Dr. Fauci Speaks , We Listen, and another calledDr. Fauci Memes for Social Distance Teens. A petition has circulated tonominate him as People' s "sexiest man alive."On right-wing social media and talk radio, Fauci has a different image:he is routinely disparaged as a closet lefty who is exaggerating the threatof the corona virus. "Has anyone else noticed that every suggestion byDr. Doom Fauci just happens to also be the worst possible thing for theeconomy?" the conservati ve Internet TV host Bill Mitchell tweeted ."That's not an accident folks." An analysis in the Times found more thanseventy Twitter accounts that have pushed the hashtag #FauciFraud ,with some tweeting out anti-Fauci bile hundreds of times a day. "Theresee1ns to be a concerted effort on the part of Tru1np supporters to spreadmisinformation about the virus," Carl Bergstrom, a professor of biologyat the University of Washington who has studied misinformation , toldthe paper. "There is this sense that experts are untrustworthy , and haveagendas that aren 't aligned with the people." Fauci has received so manypersonal threats that the Justice Department recently appro ved a securitydetail for him. Fauci shrugged it off, telling reporters, "I've chosen thislife."The crisis that the world now faces comes as no surprise to Fauci. OnJanuary 10, 2017, ten days before Trump took the oath of office, Faucidelivered the keynote address at a conference at Georgetown University ,titled "Pandemic Preparedness for the Next Administration. " Afterdescribing his years of managing epidemics, he posed a series ofquestions to the audience: "Will there be a resurgence of Zika? We'regetting into the summer in South America. Are we going to see aresurgence or not? What about influenza? Are we going to get a newpandemic?"Fauci's last point, he emphasi zed, was almost certainly the mostimportant: the possibility that some unknown , powerfully infectiouspathogen could emerge to threaten the world. "What about things thatwe 're not even thinking about?" he said. He let the question drift outover the hall. "What is for sure," he concluded , "is that, no matter what,history has told us definitively that it will happen."On the day that Anthony Stephen Fauci was born , the front-pageheadline in the Times was "PRESIDENT TO GIVE EMERGENCY FACTS TONATION ON RADIO." It was Christmas Eve, 1940. The Second WorldWar had begun, and the United States was less than a year away fromjoining the fight.Fauci grew up in southwest Brooklyn , first in Bensonhurst and later inDyker Heights , where his family ran a pharmacy and lived in anapartment upstairs. The pharmacy was across the street from the ShrineChurch of St. Bernadette. When Mass was finished on Sundays, Faucirecalled, people would walk over to get prescriptions filled and to buywhatever else they needed for the coming week. Tony's father, Stephen,dispensed medications , and was known to customers as Doc. Hismother, Eugenia , worked the register, along with his older sister, Denise.From an early age, Tony spent evenings and weekends riding around theneighborhood on his Schwinn, making deliveries.Fauci's parents were born in New York; one set of grandparents hademigrated from Naples, the other from Sicily. Anthony first tookCommunion at the age of seven and was confirmed at twelve. He wentto elementary school at Our Lady of Guadalupe, in Bensonhurst. "I hadno idea at the time when I was there, being taught by the Dominicannuns, that I would be interested in science," he said. "I was interested ina lot of things, mostly sports, but certainly not science."In those days, baseball was the social glue of Brooklyn. The boroughwas Dodger territory and Ebbets Field was consecrated ground- butFauci was devoted to the Yankees , who played in the faraway Bronx. Inthe midst of the coronavirus crisis, I e-mailed to ask about this anomaly,not necessarily expecting an answer. He replied almost instantly. "Youprobably are unaware, but half the kids in Brooklyn were Yankee fans,"he wrote. "We spent our days arguing who was better: Duke Sniderversus Mickey Mantle ; Roy Campanella versus Yogi Berra ; Pee WeeReese versus Phil Rizzuto and on and on. Those were the days, myfriend."Fauci has often referred to his father as "laid-back," which , if true, mustbe a characteristic that skips a generation. "Tony has always beendriven ," Michael Osterholm , the director of the University ofMinnesota's Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, and alongtime friend of Fauci ' s, told me. "Whatever he was doing, he had todo it better than anybody else. I don't know if it was certainty orsomething else. But he was meant to lead. Always. Everyone who knewhim knew that. And Tony knew it, too."In 1954, he began attending Regis, a private Jesuit high school on theUpper East Side. Rigorous, small, competitive, and tuition-free, Regis isconsidered one of the finest all-male schools in the country. Faucithrived there, though the commute between Dyker Heights and Eightyfourthand Madison was long. He once estimated that he had spent theequivalent of seventy days of his teen-age life on the various subwaysand buses he took to get to and from school.Fauci revelled in the demanding coursework. "We took four years ofGreek, four years of Latin, three years of French, ancient history ,theology ," he recalled. He developed an ability to set out an argumentand to bolster it with evidence- good preparation, it turned out, fortestifying before Congress . Last year, at a dinner that Regis held in hishonor, he said that the school had taught him "to communicate scientificprinciples , or principles of basic and clinical research, without gettingvery profuse and off on tangents."At the time, though, Fauci had no interest in becoming a doctor. "I wascaptain of the Regis High School basketball team," he once told me. "Ithought this was what I wanted to do with myself. But, being a realist, Ivery quickly found out that a five-seven, really fast, good-shooting pointguard will never be as good as a really fast, good-shooting seven-footer.I decided to change the direction of 1ny career."At school, Fauci 's accomplished peers were headed to careers inmedicine, engineering, and the law. At home, he was steeped in thehumanities: "Virtually all my relatives on my mother's side-her father,her brother, and her sister's children-are artists." His mother helped tipthe balance. "She never really pressured me in any way, but I think Isubtly picked up the vibrations that she wanted very much for me to be aphysician," Fauci said. "There was this tension-would it be humanitiesand classics, or would it be science? As I analyzed that, it seemed to methat being a physician was the perfect melding of both of thoseaspirations.''From Regis, Fauci went on to another Jesuit institution , Holy Cross, inWorcester, Massachusetts. His high-school faculty had left him littlechoice in the matter. "They just wouldn't write a recommendation foryou if you wanted to apply to Harvard or to Cornell, or Columbia," hesaid. Fauci enrolled in 1958 and was pleased to find that the universitytook a broad view of premedical studies. He signed up for a programcalled Bachelor of Arts- Greek Classics- Premed. "It was really kind ofbizarre," he recalled. "We did a lot of classics, Greek, Latin, Romancelanguages .... We took many credits of philosophy, everything fromepistemology to philosophical psychology, logic, etc. But we tookenough biology and physics and science to get you into medicalschool."During the summers, Fauci worked construction jobs. One year, hefound himself assigned to a crew that was building a new library atCornell Medical College, on the Upper East Side. "On lunch break,when the crew were eating their hero sandwiches and making catcalls tonurses, I snuck into the auditorium to take a peek," Fauci recalled in1998, at the medical school 's centennial celebration. "I got goosebumpsas I entered, looked around the empty room, and imagined what it wouldbe like to attend this extraordinary institution. After a few minutes at thedoorway, a guard came and politely told me to leave, since my dirtyboots were soiling the floor. I looked at him and said proudly that Iwould be attending this institution a year from now. He laughed andsaid, 'Right , kid, and next year I am going to be PoliceCommissioner. ' "Fauci graduated first in his class from Cornell in 1966, just as America'sinvolvement in Vietnam was accelerating. Every new physician wasrequired to perform some kind of military service. "We were gathered inthe auditorium at Cornell, early in our fourth year of medical school,"Fauci recalled. "Unlike today, we had only two women in the class andseventy-nine men. The recruiter from the armed forces came there andsaid, 'Believe it or not, when you graduate from medical school at theend of the year, except for the two women, everyone in this room isgoing to be either in the Army, the Air Force, the Navy, or the PublicHealth Service. So you're going to have to make your choice. Sign upand give your preferences.' "Fauci wanted to work in the U.S. Public Health Service; his fallback wasthe Navy. He got his first choice, and ended up at the National Institutesof Health , which was then establishing itself as the country's primarycenter for biomedical research. Nearly everyone in academic medicinespent some time at one of its branches; except for three years back atCornell to complete his internship and residency, Fauci has spent fivedecades there.In 1972, Fauci started as a senior researcher at the National Institute ofAllergy and Infectious Diseases. He was drawn to investigating ailmentsthat were difficult but not impossible to treat. "I wanted something thatcould make you very sick and kill you unless I intervened. And if Iintervene, you're essentially cured," he told Ushma Neill, the editorof The Journal of Clinical Investigation, in 2014. "Now, that seems alittle bit too simplistic, but that's really the nature of most infectiousdiseases."Working in the lab of Sheldon Wolff, Fauci studied the molecular natureof fever. The field of immunology was still young, but scientists wererapidly learning how to manipulate the smallest components ofindividual cells, which opened the way to a decade of discovery.Chronic fevers can have a number of underlying causes, among them anuncommon condition known as vasculitis- an inflammation of theblood cells that often occurs when the body's immune systemmistakenly attacks its own blood vessels. Many of Fauci's vasculitispatients suffered from rare inflammatory diseases, such asgranulomatosis with polyangiitis , which damages blood vessels in thelungs, kidneys, and other organs. The disease was almost always fatal.Fauci and his infectious-disease colleagues at the N.I.H. were frequentlyasked to visit the National Cancer Institute, which was in the samebuilding as his lab, to consult on patients who were receivingchemotherapy. The drugs suppressed tumors, but they were highly toxic.And they had another side effect, Fauci told me: "Those people aresusceptible to a lot of things like infections and bleeding, because thetreatment has destroyed their immune systems."In 1990, Fauci was the government's leading researcher foc ussed onthe AIDS epidemic. Photograph by George Tames/ The New York Times/ ReduxFauci, together with Wolff, his mentor, wondered if this side effectcould be harnessed to help vasculitis patients, whose immune systemswere overact ive. "I thought if we could somehow give a cancer drug at alow enough dose perhaps we could tum the disease off without any ofthe secondary complications ," he recalled recently. "First we did it in afew patients, and, much to our delight, they had a total remission. Beforeyou know it, we ended up curing a very, very lethal, albeit uncommon,disease."For the first time, this technique enabled researchers to do effectivework on lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and transplant rejection. "If youlook at innnunology, it has fro1n the very beginning been inextricablylinked to infectious diseases ," Fauci said. "What is the immune systemfor? The immune system protects you against invaders from withoutmicroorganisms- as well as, in some cases, the emergence of certaintumors from within."In 1981, a strange new syndrome emerged that transformed Fauci'sresearch and, eventually, the lives of millions of people around theworld. "All of a sudden, this new disease comes along," Fauci recalled ,referring to what would soon come to be known as AIDS. "Even beforethe cause of it was proven to be H.I.V., everybody in the field knew thatit had to be a virus. I said to myself, 'Here it is, a virus, still to bedetermined, that's affecting profoundly and destroying the humanimmune system. ' "Fauci believed that he had been training all his lifefor a threat like this one. He was an expert in viruses and in the immunesystem-and he had always been attracted to combatting serious, evenfatal diseases. "I wanted to be where the action was," he said.At first, few public-health officials seemed to care. In June of 1981,the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , a publication of the Centersfor Disease Control , issued a paper that included an account of fiveyoung men, all gay, who had contracted pneumocystis, a form ofpneumonia that had previously been reported only in people withdramatically impaired immune systems. The young men described in thestudy had all been healthy. "I thought it was a fluke," Fauci recalled. "Iput it aside on my desk, thinking that maybe this was some drug thatthey had taken that suppressed their immune system."A month later, an even more alarming report arrived from the C.D.C.Fauci read it with an uneasy sense that a disaster was looming: "I madethe decision that I was going to stop what I was doing , much to thechagrin of my mentors, who were saying, 'Why do you want to give upa great trajectory of a career to study a handful of gay men with thisstrange disease?' But, deep down, I really knew that this was going toexplode. "Fauci wrote a paper to sound the alarm. "I called it my apologia pro vitasua- an explanation for what I'm doing," he said. In the paper , Faucipointed out that, although the disease "seems to selectively affect aparticular segment of our society," it demanded a medical solution.Moreover, he warned, "any assumption that the syndrome will re1nainrestricted to a particular segment of our society is truly an assumptionwithout a scientific basis." Fauci sent the manuscript to The NewEngland Journal of Medicine, in late 1981. It was rejected. "One of thereviewers said I was being alarmist," Fauci said. He tried a differentjournal , The Annals of Internal Medicin e, and the following June thepaper was published.In the laboratory , Fauci began making progress. He had beeninvestigating B cells, which are involved in the production of antibodies.In 1983-before H.I.V. was even known by that name-his lab becamethe first to report that B cells became hyperactive in patients with AIDS.When a healthy person is invaded by a virus, antibodies mount adefense, but, when H.I.V. hijacked B cells, the antibody system wentawry. Fauci and his team had identified one of the crucial featuresof AIDS. "We made that observation without having any idea of what wewere dealing with," he said in an interview for an N.I.H. oral history. "Ithink that speaks for sound scientific and clinical observation." Thepolitics of seeking a cure, though, would be far harder to manage.On October 11, 1988, more than a thousand AIDS activists gatheredoutside the headquarters of the Food and Drug Administration , inRockville, Maryland, to protest the agency's glacial reaction to theepidemic. The activists knew that their community needed newtreatments if they were to avoid catastrophe - but they were stymied bythe F.D.A.'s drug-approval process , a remarkably inflexible system thattypically took years.That same day, another group of protesters marched onto the campus ofthe National Institutes of Health, in Bethesda , Maryland. They wereheaded for Building 31, the home of the National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases. Fauci, who had become the institute's directorin 1984, was now the government's leading scientist focussed onthe AIDS epidemic. Even though he was not running the F .D .A., heappeared almost daily in the media to discuss the crisis. "My face wasthe face of the federal govermnent ," Fauci told me. He was asked thesame question nearly every day: why wasn't the government movingfaster? It didn't help that the Reagan Administration seemed soindifferent to the plague.Fauci watched from his office window as activists surrounded thebuilding and tried to scale its walls. Some were dressed in black robesand carried scythes. Many waved pink-and-black banners, bearing thewords "NIH Wake Up!" or "Stop Killing Us!" All over campus , a chantcould be heard: "Fuck you, Fauci!""God, I hated him," Larry Kramer, the writer and activist who helpedestablish the two most important AIDS advocacy groups in the country,the Gay Men's Health Crisis and ACT UP , said. "As far as I wasconcerned, he was the central focus of evil in the world." Kramerattacked Fauci relentlessly in the media. He called him an "inco1npetentidiot" and a "'pill-pushing" tool of the medical establishment, insulted hiswife, and even compared him to Adolf Eichmann. In 1988, Kramerpublished a scathing open letter. "Anthony Fauci, you are a murderer,"he wrote. "Your refusal to hear the screams of AIDS activists early in thecrisis resulted in the deaths of thousands of Queers."As the epidemic spread and the death toll rose, it was common for gayactivists to view Fauci and NIAID with rage. Fauci did not control thedrug-approval process , but he was seen as a barrier to opening access toclinical trials, in which volunteers could receive potentially lifesavingmedications.For most people infected with H.I.V., taking experimental drugs was theonly alternative to simply waiting for death. Yet the F .D .A.' s arcanerules prevented the vast majority of patients from qualifying for trials.For instance, a significant number of H.I.V. patients suffered frompneumocystis pneu1nonia. The condition-the same one observed in theinitial C.D.C. report- could be fatal, so many who had it used anexperimental antimicrobial medication called pentamidine, which hadproved highly effective. But people who took experimental medicationswere barred from participating in other clinical trials.At first, Fauci held to the standard N.I.H. line that research need notfocus on the immediate welfare of patients. "When we had clinical trials,we, the scientific co1nmunity and the regulatory co1nmunity, did notlisten" to the activists , he recalled. "It was, at the time, an attitude thatmany of us had, and I probably had it myself." He was right about that. Icovered the AIDS epidemic for the Washington Post, and it was clear tome that Fauci was inclined to enforce the paternalistic medical traditionin which he had trained: doctors and scientists were unquestionedauthorities, and drug development had to follow a rigid process thatincluded animal testing and rigorous clinical trials. Otherwise , thebenefits and the risks of these drugs could not be adequately assessed.In 1987, the F.D.A. approved the first drug to treat H.I.V.azidothymidine,or AZT-and the announcement was met with a burstof hope. But the drug's liabilities were evident almost instantly. It hadharsh side effects, and the benefits wore off; the virus itself soon becameresistant to the drug. When new clinical studies began, involvingcocktails of AZT and similar compounds, tens of thousands of peopleasked to participate. Again, though, volunteers were not accepted if theyused other experimental drugs. The anger among activists grew 1noreintense. "They started becoming amazingly iconoclastic andconfrontational, and that scared the hell out of the scientists, who werefundamentally quite conservative ," Fauci told me at his medical-schoolreunion. "When they were demonstrating on the N.I.H. campus,disrupting Wall Street, disrupting St. Patrick 's Cathedral, instead oflistening to them, scientists withdrew."Without entirely understanding his own motives, Fauci decided to lookbeyond the activists' furious rhetoric and style. He recalls tellinghimself, "Let me put aside the goth dress-the earrings and the Mohawkhaircuts and the black jackets-and just listen to what they have to say.And what they were saying made absolutely perfect sense." It helpedthat Fauci had something in common with the activists: "They were allNew York guys. I had a little affinity to them because I'm a NewYorker. And I said, What would I do if I were in their shoes? And it wasvery clear: I would have done exactly the same thing."The activists knew that they were facing a mercilessly lethal disease. Inthe summer of 1985, I travelled to New York to write my first long storyon the toll that the epidemic was taking on the city's gay community. Iinterviewed dozens of 1nen. To the best of my knowledge, only two ofthem are still alive: Larry Kramer , who is now eighty-four, and apolitical activist who prefers to remain anonymous.Fauci, too, came to understand the severity of the crisis. "Everyonedied," he said. "I was used to treating people who had little hope andthen saving their lives-that was so wonderful. But, with AIDS in thosedays, I saved no one. It was the darkest time of my life." Faced withmounting evidence that his cautious approach made no sense , he didsomething that few public officials do: he reversed himself. Faucitransformed from a conventional bench scientist into a public-healthactivist who happened to work for the federal government. "I had tochange ," he told me.When the demonstrators marched on the N.I.H . campus in 1988, Faucino longer saw a threat. "I looked at them, and I saw people who were inpain," he recalled in an article in Holy Cross Magazin e. He asked thepolice and the F.B.I. not to arrest any of the1n. Then he invited a handfulof protest leaders to his office. "That began a relationship over manyyears ," Fauci said. "They let me into their camp. I went to the gaybathhouses and spoke to them. I went to San Francisco, to the CastroDistrict , and I discussed the problems they were having , the degree ofsuffering that was going on in the community, the need for them to getinvolved in clinical trials , since there were no other possibilities for themto get access to drugs. And I earned their confidence."Fauci, in his mid-forties, was the youngest director of an N.I.H. institutein a century , and he lacked the political influence to act independently.Even in his own field , he struggled to recruit allies. "I couldn't convincemy own people in infectious-disease leadership to take on H.I.V ./ AIDS,"he told me. So he created a division within his institute devoted to thedisease.One day, in the late eighties , Fauci asked me to stop by his office inBuilding 31 on the N.I.H. campus. He told me that he had a wild idea: hewanted to hire Mark Harrington , ACT UP's point man on drug-treatmenttrials. Harrington, a prominent AIDS researcher and activist, had noformal scientific training. But Fauci , like most of those who had seenhim testify before Congress or speak to a crowd , was dazzled by hisbrilliance.Harrington discussed the idea with Fauci , but decided that the job wouldbe a disaster for him. "There's no way I could have functioned withinthat bureaucracy, " he told me recently. "The people I respect would haveseen me as a sellout." Yet Harrington continued to make a profoundimpression on Fauci' s thinking .Harrington was passionately committed to loosening up the F.D.A.'srestrictive regime. "It was murder," he told me. "I don't know any otherway to describe it." Harrington, who went on to win a MacArthur"genius" grant for his work on the disease, established himself as themost knowledgeable student of the agency 's byzantine regulations. Inmeetings with Fauci and other officials, he urged them to move fasterand with greater compassion for those who were suffering.There are three stages in most F.D.A. clinical trials. The first testswhether a drug is safe. The second assesses its efficacy. The last stage,conducted in larger groups, confirms that the drug works and that thereare no serious adverse reactions. Harrington argued that people with noalternative should be granted access to those drugs as soon as they hadbeen proved safe, even if their effectiveness remained unknown.At first, Fauci was concerned that, if people taking multipleexperimental medications joined clinical trials, the results would behopelessly muddled. He was also afraid that granting sick peopleunrestricted access to unapproved drugs would deter them fromparticipating in the trials at all. Harrington and other activists reassuredhim that they were committed to strictly monitored drug trials that wouldprovide enough data to know what worked and what did not.Fauci is a realist, and the facts were obvious to anyone who cared tolook. Traditional methods of testing drugs weren't working.Underground networks were growing everywhere. With somany AIDS patients taking untested medications , federal health officialshad to concede that their syste1n was broken. Even the most fundamentalprotocol of a clinical trial- giving some participants a placebo- cameinto question. In a study conducted in San Francisco in 1989, nearly allthe volunteers had their medicine analyzed, to see whether they werereceiving an active dose. Those who learned that they had been givenplacebos almost invariably dropped out."There was a feeling in science that doctors know best, scientists knowbest," Fauci said. "We love our patients, but they don 't really knowwhat's best for them. Then, when we dealt with this disease that wasbrand new- that was frightening, that was killing people in a way thatwas historic-the people who were impacted by the disease wanted tohave something to say about how we conducted research."There were still moments of confrontation. In May, 1990, hundredsof ACT UP activists returned to the N.I.H., demandingmore AIDS treatments and greater representation of women and people ofcolor in clinical trials. At a planning session for the protest, a youngactivist named Tony Malliaris performed a rap song called "Storm theNIH," which included the lyrics "I don't know what Fauci thinks, butthis ain't Denmark, and something stinks." (Malliaris died five yearslater, still in his early thirties.)Fauci was undeterred. He threw his influence behind a program calledParallel Track, which made unapproved AIDS drugs available as soon asthey were demonstrated to be safe, even as clinical trials werecontinuing. The initiative would not have succeeded without Fauci. Buthe always acknowledged that his approach had been shaped largely bythe constructive pressure he received from AIDS advocacy groups andfrom leaders like Harrington.This more inclusive approach ushered in a revolution in Americanmedicine . Patients today demand as much information as possible abouttreatments they might receive, and no longer act as if their doctors 'advice came straight from Mt. Olympus. They scour the Internet,assemble statistics, and often arrive at the hospital with a folder full ofmedical information. The F.D.A., for its part, will no longer considerapproving a new drug until it has consulted representatives of groupswho would use it. "There are strict scientific principles that have to beadhered to in medicine ," Fauci told me. "At the same time, a humanistictouch is needed in dealing with people. You have to combine socialaspects, ethical aspects, personal aspects with cold, clean science."In 2002, I wrote a Profile of Larry Kramer for this magazine. By then, heand Fauci had become friends, with each expressing gratitude for theother's work in those years. Fauci told me, "In American medicine , thereare two eras: before Larry and after Larry. There is no question in mymind that Larry helped change medicine in this country. When all thescreaming and the histrionics are forgotten, that will remain." Kramer,who spent years in a constant rage at Fauci , now calls him "the only trueand great hero" among government officials in the AIDS crisis.As Trump defends his Administration's response to the pandemic, hehas suggested repeatedly that COVID-19 was impossible to predict."There's never been anything like this in history ," he said, at a pressconference on March 19th. "Nobody knew there would be a pande1nic orepidemic of this proportion."As everyone with even a casual interest in the history of science knows,pandemics have altered the destiny of humanity at least since 430 B.C.,when Athens was struck by a plague that killed as many as two-thirds ofits residents , just as the Spartans were laying siege. Beginning in 165A.D. , smallpox helped ruin the Roman Empire , sowing more destructionthan foreign armies ever could. And, in the fourteenth century, the BlackDeath swept through Europe , killing more than half the population,according to recent estimates.Yet, by the middle of the twentieth century, many scientists had begunto conceive of a world that was largely free of infectious epidemics. In1951, Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, a future Nobel laureate in medicine ,wrote, "The fever hospitals are vanishing or being turned to other uses.With full use of the knowledge we already possess, the effective controlof every important infectious disease"-with the exception of polio-"ispossible. " His optimism was understandable. Antibiotics had mademany lethal diseases easy to treat; improvements in sanitary conditionshad transformed the lives of hundreds of millions of people. Indeveloped countries, typhoid, cholera, and measles - major killersthroughout history - had largely passed into memory; even tuberculosis ,one of the great scourges of humanity, had been in decline for nearlyhalf a century. By 1972, Macfarlane , writing with the microbiologistDavid White, was predicting that the "most likely forecast about thefuture of infectious diseases is that it will be very dull."When Fauci was a young trainee, these kinds of predictions sometimesmade him wonder if he had picked the wrong career. "I becameconcerned that I was entering ... an area of biomedical research thatwas disappearing ," he recalled in one speech. But, since 1984 , whenFauci became the director of NIAID, there has not been a single day inwhich some epidemic has not threatened the globe. According to theWorld Health Organization, AIDS has killed more than thirty millionpeople, and nearly forty million are now living with H.I.V. Tuberculosis,far from sliding into obscurity, infects roughly a quarter of the humanpopulation ; the W.H.O. says that one and a half 1nillion people died fromthe disease in 2018.But the greatest threat that humanity faces, by far, is a global outbreak ofa lethal virus for which no treatlnent has been found. In just a fewmonths , COVID-19 has forced billions of people , in nearly every countryon earth, into a panicked withdrawal from society. Another pandemiclike this might appear in two years, or in ten, or in a century. But I havenever met a virologist or an epidemiologist who believes we won'tencounter one.For a deadly virus to flourish, it must meet three critical conditions.First, a new virus-one to which no one has yet developed immunitymustemerge from the animal reservoirs that produce and harbor suchpathogens. Second , the virus has to make humans sick. (The vastmajority do not.) Finally, it must be able to spread efficiently, throughcoughing, sneezing, or shaking hands. That combination is rare, but,when it appears, the consequences are almost always disastrous.The Nobel Prize-winning molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg, whodied in 2008, was for years the world's most visionary voice aboutemerging infectious diseases. "Some people think I am being hysterical ,but there are catastrophes ahead," he once wrote. "We live inevolutionary competition with microbes - bacteria and viruses. There isno guarantee that we will be the survivors."In 2003 , Lederberg joined the future F.D.A. commissioner MargaretHamburg and the pandemic specialist Mark Smolinski to edit a seminalreport, in which prominent scientists argued for a much more aggressivedefense of the planet. Titled "Microbial Threats to Health," the reportrecommended that the U.S. greatly expand its early-warning systems,particularly in the developing world. It also urged leaders to strengthentheir ability to respond to microbial threats, with new efforts on thefederal, state, and local levels. The recommendations were almostcompletely ignored.The next year, a highly pathogenic form of avian influenza, H5Nl,leaped from waterfowl to chickens and then to humans. Public-healthofficials were petrified. In Bangkok , I met with Scott Dowell, who ledthe Thailand office of the C.D.C.'s International Emerging InfectionsProgram. "The world just has no idea what it's going to see if this thingcomes," he told me. He paused and then reframed his thought. "When,really. It's when. I don't think we can afford the luxury of the word 'ifanymore."In a sense, the world was lucky with H5Nl. Although the U.S. and othercountries mounted a diffident response, the virus turned out to be deadlybut not very contagious. Five years later, the situation was reversed. Anew influenza virus, designated HINI, infected nearly a quarter of theglobal population before vaccines became widely available. This time,the virus was highly contagious but not nearly as deadly as most strainsof influenza. The fact that the outbreak was less virulent than publichealthofficials had feared created its own danger; by encouragingcomplacency, it did more to expose the world to the risk of a devastatingnew pandemic than anything else that had happened in decades.Although Congress had appropriated money to stockpile antiviralmedications and protective gear, many scientists felt that the effort wasgrossly insufficient. "We spend many billions of dollars every year onmissile-defense systems," Seth Berkley, a medical epidemiologist wholeads the Global Vaccine Alliance, told me. "And yet we will not spendpennies on the dollar to prepare for a catastrophe that is far more likelyto affect us all."After the Ebola outbreak of 2014, Barack Obama implemented one ofLederberg's central rec01nmendations: he established the White House'sNational Security Council Directorate for Global Health Security andBiodefense, an early-warning system for disease in the developingworld. Trump disbanded it in 2018, as part of an effort to streamline theN.S.C. In an appearance before Congress, Fauci was asked if thedecision was a mistake. He responded diplomatically: "I wouldn'tnecessarily characterize it as a mistake. I would say we worked verywell with that office. It would be nice if the office was still there."The combination of money and political will can have extraordinaryeffects on public health. Under the George W. Bush Administration,Fauci was the principal architect of a landmark program called PEPFAR,the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.By the time Bush took office, therapies for H.I.V. had become widelyavailable in Western countries. But, for millions of people in thedeveloping world, these drugs were too expensive or too difficult toobtain. Bush felt that it was unacceptable for the poorest people on earthto die because they could not afford medication that was dispensedroutinely in the rich world. He asked Fauci to implement an initiative toprevent and treat H.I.V. on a global scale. It has been uniformly held upas a model of the ways in which global public-health programs can savelives. "PEPF AR has turned around declining life expectancies in manycountries and likely saved some countries-even an entire continentfromeconomic ruin," Harold Varmus, a former director of the N.I.H.and of the National Cancer Institute , wrote in the quarterlyjournal Science & Diplomacy.But Fauci has at times struggled to compel politicians and businesses toattack the problems that he considers most worrisome. Over the years,he has become concerned about the possible impact of new viruses,particularly a lethal strain of influenza. Other viruses are moreconsistently deadly; some , like measles, are more contagious. But novirus that we know of is capable of killing as rapidly and as efficiently."We need a major paradigm shift with influenza vaccines ," Fauci toldme, four years ago. "The situation is a mess."Because the flu virus evolves so rapidly, experts deciding how toformulate vaccines can make only a highly educated guess about whichstrains are most likely to make people sick. Each February,epidemiologists study outbreaks around the world-especially in theSouthern Hemisphere, where flu season is under way- to assess whichstrains might make their way north. The result is always better thannothing. In many years, though, it is woefully inadequate. In the fluseason of 2014-15 , the vaccine protected less than a fifth of the peoplewho received it. In 2017-18, it worked for a little more than a third.Fauci has long supported the development of an alternative: a universalinfluen za vaccine, which would provide lasting defense against allstrains. "Similar to tetanus, a universal flu vaccine probably would begiven every ten years, " he said. "And, if you get one that is reallyuniversal , you can vaccinate just about everyone in the world." But sucha vaccine would cost hundreds of millions of dollars to develop andtest- and would replace a product that most consumers already think ofas good enough. No one has come close to raising the money that such aproject will require.By the beginning of the new millennium , it had become clear that thenext microbial threat might not come from a bat or a duck. It could justas well be created by a human being. After the terrorist attacks ofSeptember 11, 2001, anonymous letters laced with deadly anthrax sporesbegan arriving at media companies and congressional offices. In thefollowing months, twenty-two people were infected by inhaling anthraxand five died. Suddenly , biological terror posed an entirely new threatonethat has become only more significant and complex in the ensuingyears. In 2016, James Clapper, who was the director of NationalIntelligence during the Obama Administration , listed gene editing as apotential weapon of mass destruction. Many scientists were furious, buthe had a point. Researchers have deployed these tools to rewrite thegenes of mosquitoes so that they are unable to transmit malaria. If theirsuccess in the lab translates to the field, it will be a historic triumph. Butthe research also raises an alarming possibility: if a scientist can modifythe genes of an insect to protect people from malaria, he could almostcertainly use the same technology to add a deadly toxin.Fauci often cites a similar but more immediate paradox. Thanks togenetic engineering , we are more equipped than ever to respond to thethreat of a viral pandemic. After the COVID-19 outbreak began, it tookscientists less than a month to sequence the genome of the virus. By theend of February, the instructions were on the Internet, and the virus hadbeen re-created in laboratories around the world, by scientists seeking todevelop drugs and vaccines.And yet , despite our mastery of molecular biology, we live in an era inwhich someone can wake up with an infection in China-or France ,Australia, or any other place with an airport - and fly to San Francisco intime for dinner, spreading the virus long before he suspects that there 'sanything wrong. For most of human history , a virus like COVlD-19 might