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Dr. Renato Dulbecco (born 1914) ( "Vogt moved to the California Institute of Technology in 1950 to work with Max DelbrĂŒck. He introduced her to [Dr. Renato Dulbecco (born 1914)], a junior faculty member in the division of biology[5] and together, Vogt and Dulbecco worked on methods to culture poliovirus. They were the first to successfully grow the virus in vitro and were able to plaque purify it, an essential step for subsequent vaccine production.[1][2][5] Vogt's technical abilities as a cell culturist were critical to this work. This resulted in a classic paper.[6] They next turned their attention to cancer causing viruses, beginning with the polyoma virus. They were able to culture this virus and examine its latency, resulting in another classic study.[7] " [HK00AN][GDrive] )
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Marguerite Vogt
Marguerite Vogt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marguerite Vogt
Vogt in 1938
Born
13 February 1913
Germany
Died
6 July 2007 (aged 94)
La Jolla, California, US
Alma mater
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
California Institute of Technology
Marguerite Vogt (13 February 1913 â 6 July 2007) was a cancer biologist and virologist. She was most noted for her research on polio and cancer at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
Early life[edit]
Early life[edit]
Vogt was born in Germany in 1913. The youngest daughter of Oskar Vogt and French-born CĂ©cile Vogt-Mugnier, Vogt took her M.D. degree from the University of Berlin in 1937.[1][2] Her parents were prominent neuroscientists and she grew up in an intense scientific environment.[1][2] Her older sister, Marthe Vogt (1903â2003) was a neuropharmacologist who became a fellow of the Royal Society and a professor at Cambridge.
Career[edit]
Career[edit]
Vogt joined her parents at a private institute in Neustadt, the Black Forest, where the family lived for the duration of World War II; there, she worked extensively on Drosophila development.[1][2][3] She published over 30 papers on the ring gland and homeotic mutants.[4]
Vogt moved to the California Institute of Technology in 1950 to work with Max DelbrĂŒck. He introduced her to [Dr. Renato Dulbecco (born 1914)], a junior faculty member in the division of biology[5] and together, Vogt and Dulbecco worked on methods to culture poliovirus. They were the first to successfully grow the virus in vitro and were able to plaque purify it, an essential step for subsequent vaccine production.[1][2][5] Vogt's technical abilities as a cell culturist were critical to this work. This resulted in a classic paper.[6] They next turned their attention to cancer causing viruses, beginning with the polyoma virus. They were able to culture this virus and examine its latency, resulting in another classic study.[7]
Dulbecco was recruited to the newly founded Salk Institute for Biological Studies in 1963, and Vogt joined him as a research fellow in his group.[1][2][5] They continued their work on tumor-causing viruses. However, their interests diverged, and in 1973, Vogt was appointed as a research professor which was an independent position that allowed her to pursue her interest in origins of cancer.[3] Her interests evolved to examining cellular immortalization in cancer cells, and the role of telomeres in this process. She published her last paper in 1998.
Vogt made significant contributions as a scientist in multiple areas: as a Drosophila developmental geneticist, as a virologist working with Nobel laureate Renato Dulbecco, and as an investigator into viral transformation and cellular immortalization. Moreover, she was an influential mentor and colleague to many junior scientists, among them several future Nobel laureates.[1][2][3] Her work was never recognized by a major prize, though this is widely viewed as an oversight. She was noted for her dedication, and was busy in her lab even into her 80s.
She died July 6, 2007, at her home in La Jolla, California, aged 94.[8]
References[edit]
References[edit]
^
a b c d e f Angier, Natalie (April 10, 2001). "SCIENTIST AT WORK -- Marguerite Vogt; A Lifetime Later, Still in Love With the Lab". The New York Times. pp. D1.
^
a b c d e f Haas, M.; Lewis, E.B. (1998). "Cover Legend". Cancer Research. 58 (1): ix.
^
a b c Forsburg, Susan. "Remembering Marguerite Vogt". Retrieved 2012-03-10.
^ Jones, Davy. "Marguerite Vogt Tribute Site". Retrieved 2007-07-20.
^
a b c "Interview with Renato Dulbecco: Caltech Oral History". January 2001. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
^ Dulbecco, R.; Vogt, M. (1954). "Plaque Formation and Isolation of Pure Lines with Poliomyelitis Viruses". J. Exp. Med. 99 (2): 167â182. doi:10.1084/jem.99.2.167. PMC 2180341. PMID 13130792.
^ Vogt, M.; Dulbecco, R. (1960). "Virus-Cell Interaction with a Tumor-Producing Virus". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46 (3): 365â70. doi:10.1073/pnas.46.3.365. PMC 222842. PMID 16578494.
^ "Longtime Salk Researcher Marguerite Vogt Dies" (Press release). The Salk Institute. 2007-07-06. Archived from the original on 2007-09-09. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
External links[edit]
External links[edit]
Marguerite Vogt Collection MSS 688. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
By taking on poliovirus, Marguerite Vogt transformed the study of all viruses
By taking on poliovirus, Marguerite Vogt transformed the study of all viruses
Marguerite Vogt, shown here at the Salk Institute during her later years, took on the task of attempting to grow and isolate poliovirus when many scientists were reluctant to work with it.
COURTESY OF MARTIN HAAS
SEPTEMBER 17, 2021 AT 7:00 AM
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/marguerite-vogt-polio-virus-lab-research-virology
SEPTEMBER 17, 2021
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CENTURY OF SCIENCEHEALTH & MEDICINE
By taking on poliovirus, Marguerite Vogt transformed the study of all viruses
By taking on poliovirus, Marguerite Vogt transformed the study of all viruses
Marguerite Vogt, shown here at the Salk Institute during her later years, took on the task of attempting to grow and isolate poliovirus when many scientists were reluctant to work with it.
COURTESY OF MARTIN HAAS
SEPTEMBER 17, 2021 AT 7:00 AM
When nobody else wanted the job, Marguerite Vogt stepped in.
Working from early morning until late at night in a small, isolated basement laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, Vogt painstakingly handled test tubes and petri dishes under a fume hood: incubating, pipetting, centrifuging, incubating again. She was trying to grow a dangerous pathogen: poliovirus.
It was 1952 and polio was one of the most feared diseases in America, paralyzing more than 15,000 people, mostly children, each year. Parents wouldnât let their children play outside, and quarantines were instituted in neighborhoods with polio cases.
To celebrate our 100th anniversary, weâre highlighting some of the biggest advances in science over the last century. For more from the series, visit Century of Science.
Scientists were desperate for information about the virus, but many were hesitant to work with the infectious agent. âEverybody was afraid to go to that little lab in the basement,â says Martin Haas, professor of biology and oncology at the University of California, San Diego, and a personal friend and collaborator of Vogtâs for over three decades.
Vogt, a brand-new research associate in the laboratory of Renato Dulbecco, took on the task of attempting to grow and isolate the virus on a layer of monkey kidney cells. The method was called a plaque assay for the distinctive round plaques that form when a single virus particle kills all the cells around it.
Vogt didnât tell her parents, both acclaimed scientists in Germany, that she was working with the virus. She later remarked that her father would have been very angry had he known of her poliovirus work, Haas says.
Marlene Olsen, age 4, was stricken with polio in the summer of 1955. The disease paralyzed many thousands of people each year, mostly children.
AP PHOTO
After a year of persistence, Vogt succeeded (and remained virus-free). In 1954, she and Dulbecco published the method for purifying and counting poliovirus particles. It was immediately used by other scientists to study variants of poliovirus, and by microbiologist Albert Sabin to identify and isolate strains of weakened poliovirus to make the oral polio vaccine used in mass vaccination campaigns around the world.
Perhaps even more importantly, the poliovirus plaque assay enabled scientists worldwide to analyze animal viruses at the level of individual cells, a field now known as molecular virology. Vogt and Dulbeccoâs approach remains the gold standard for purifying and counting virus particles, including in recent studies of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The method, used to measure how infectious a virus is and isolate strains of a virus for further research, is ubiquitous in labs around the world.
Albert Sabinâs oral polio vaccine (he is shown administering it to two children in 1966) relied on methods developed by Marguerite Vogt.
WORLD HISTORY ARCHIVE/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
Throughout a career spanning three-quarters of a century, beginning with a publication when she was 14 years old, Vogt contributed extensively to our knowledge of the genetics of animal development, how viruses can cause cancer and cellular life cycles. Upon her death in 2007 at the age of 94, nearly 100 three-ring binders lined the shelves of her office, filled with notes on decades of experiments.
Vogt was known for her intense, inventive lab work, including what others have called her âgreen thumbâ for tissue culture â the process of growing cells, viruses and tissues in a dish.
âBeing a meticulous person, she worried about every detail of the process of cell culture,â says David Baltimore, biologist and president emeritus of Caltech who worked for three years in a lab close to Dulbeccoâs. âThatâs really important, because it is finicky. Long experience and precise handling are key to getting good data.â
Born in 1913, Vogt grew up in Germany surrounded by science. The younger daughter of two pioneers of brain research, Oskar and CĂ©cile Vogt, she and her sister Marthe were budding scientists from their youth. Marguerite Vogtâs first paper, published in 1927, investigated the genetics of fruit fly development.
After being ousted from Berlin by the Nazis, Marguerite Vogtâs parents, Oskar and CĂ©cile Vogt, pictured here, set up a private brain research institute in Germanyâs Black Forest.
COURTESY OF MARTIN HAAS
But a year after receiving her M.D. at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in 1936, Vogt and her liberal family were ousted from Berlin by the Nazis. Her parents lost their positions at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research (now the Max Planck Institute), and Oskar was accused of supporting communists. The family avoided arrest or death due to the intercession of the Krupp family, former patients of Oskarâs and well-connected arms manufacturers who supplied the Nazi regime. With funding from the Krupps, Oskar and CĂ©cile set up a private brain research institute in a remote part of Germanyâs Black Forest. There, they continued their research and offered shelter and jobs to other people fleeing Nazi persecution.
From her parentsâ institute in the Black Forest, Vogt published 39 seminal papers on how hormones and genetics influence the development of fruit flies, work that was later considered ahead of its time. In 1950, with the help of German-American scientists Hermann Muller and Max DelbrĂŒck, Vogt emigrated from Germany to the United States. Vogt rarely talked about her experiences during World War II. She never returned to Germany and refused to speak her native tongue with visiting German students and scientists.
After briefly working with DelbrĂŒck on bacterial genetics, Vogt went to work for Dulbecco on the poliovirus assay in 1952. After that success, the pair investigated the role of viruses in cancer. Once again, Vogt developed a technique to grow a virus â this time a small DNA-containing virus called polyomavirus â and the pair was able to count how many cells the virus transformed into cancer cells. In subsequent papers, the team demonstrated that certain viruses integrate their genetic material into host cell DNA, causing uncontrolled cell growth. The discovery changed the way scientists and doctors thought about cancer, showing that cancer is caused by genetic changes in a cell.
This image, which appeared in the 1954 paper by Marguerite Vogt and Renato Dulbecco that reported the method for purifying and counting poliovirus particles, shows plaques of poliovirus on monkey kidney cells 72 hours after infection.
R. DULBECCO AND M. VOGT/J. EXP. MED. 1954
In 1963, Vogt followed Dulbecco to the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif. There, she spent decades studying viruses that can cause tumors, as well as other areas that sparked her interest, such as trying to define a cellular clock. âShe was not only very intense, she was very inventive,â says Haas. âShe always knew which way to go and what do to.â
Like the early days studying poliovirus, Vogt worked long and hard, typically six days a week, 10 hours per day. âShe liked trying new things, so we often tried to do techniques that she had admired in papers she had read, or we learned things from other labs,â says Candy Haggblom, Vogtâs laboratory assistant for the last 30 years of Vogtâs career.
Vogt never married or had children. âScience was my milk,â she told the New York Times in 2001. But Vogt didnât lack for company: She was a friend and mentor to many of the young scientists in the lab, four of whom went on to earn Nobel Prizes, and as an accomplished pianist and cellist, Vogt hosted a chamber music group that met at her home every Sunday morning for over 40 years, Haas says.
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In 1975, Dulbecco was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for work on how tumor viruses transform cells, a prize shared with Baltimore and virologist Howard Temin. Vogt was not recognized, and Dulbecco did not acknowledge her in his Nobel lecture.
During her lifetime, Vogt did not receive a single major prize or recognition. Despite an advanced degree and prestigious publication record, Vogt did not become a professor or get her own lab at Salk until after Dulbecco left the institute in 1972. She was 59 years old. That rankled her, says Haas, who cared for Vogt later in her life and thought of her like a mother. âShe ran his lab while he ran around the world giving talks,â he says. âMarguerite ran it all.â
At 80, Vogt regularly jogged into the lab early in the morning. At 85, she published her final paper, fittingly about how human cells slow down and lose their ability to replicate with age.
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