1. Civil Discourse
This is supplemented by the Daryl Davis TED Talk you'll find in the Youtube videos list. One of the most important things for rising generations to learn is how to have mature conversations to engage those with whom they have disagreements. So many people, including young people, get trapped in digital echo chambers of social media where most disagreements are demonized and blocked away. It makes for uncomfortable clashes when we encounter people who disagree with us in real life.
Having genuine discourse with those with whom we disagree enables us to sharpen our own opinions and understand the perspectives of other people, even if we don't change our minds. It also creates an environment where we can express ourselves and convince others who may not have considered our perspectives. Such interactions have little to no chance of happening when writing each other off, assuming negative intentions and refusing to consider or hear out dissenting positions.
2. Detecting Bias (especially media and confirmation)
Trust for mainstream media is at an all-time low, and the abundance of shaky independent media in the digital space is at an all-time high. Young people now get most of their information from the internet, which can be like drinking from a firehose. There has never been a more important time for them to learn to sort through media bias and to check their own biases when formulating thoughts and taking positions on issues.
3. The Scientific Method
We desperately need young people to understand and respect the efficacy of genuine science and have the ability to spot pseudoscience when it masquerades as reliable truth. Numbers 2 & 3 on this list combine to raise generations of young people with healthy skepticism.
4. Political Literacy
Our political discourse is mired in propaganda and hyperbolic messaging. It is imperative that young people learn how to engage with the political process and effectively sort through messaging to get to policy so they understand who and what is getting their votes.
5. Craftsmanship
I believe every young person should build something with their hands at one point. Not only do too many people go through life without the pleasure of crafting something by hand, but they lose an appreciation for the things others make. Not every teenager is going to work with wood, stone medals and/or wires for a living but our civilization has a deep need for people who do. Not only would more people find their way into those professions if they were exposed to them in their youth, but they would also gain an appreciation for the skill and intellect possessed by those who do that work for them. We would likely also restore the notion in the past that even people who aren’t skilled artisans can at least do their own basic home repairs without relying on someone else.