Embedded Files
AMERICAN STORY
A COUNTRY OF IMMIGRANTS
ESSENTIAL CHAPTER QUESTION
ESSENTIAL CHAPTER QUESTION
How did the Industrial Age transform America?
AMERICA ENTERS THE INDUSTRIAL AGE
AMERICA ENTERS THE INDUSTRIAL AGE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION GATHERS STEAM | THE SCENIC RAILWAYS ON THE UNITED STATES | THE AGE OF INVENTION | GROWTH OF BIG BUSINESS | MASS CULTURE DURING THE GILDED AGE
In the late 1860s, railroads expanded across the Great Plains and the western mountain ranges to connect the East and West coasts.
As the nation continued to expand westward, the railways connected far-flung regions of the country. By the 1860s, tracks had extended westward into the gold- and silver-rich lands of Colorado.
In the late 1800s, innovations in industries and technologies played important roles in the continued development of the Industrial Age.
American industries grew in size and complexity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and a few of their leaders became wealthy.
Americans enjoyed a variety of entertainments in the late 1800s, all of which helped to shape the American identity.
IMMIGRATION AND MODERN URBAN GROWTH
IMMIGRATION AND MODERN URBAN GROWTH
THE NEW IMMIGRANTS | CITIES GROW RAPIDLY | HOW GEOLOGY DEFINES YOUR SKYLINE | URBAN POVERTY
At the turn of the 19th century, millions of people from Europe and Asia moved to the United States.
New methods of transportation and construction transformed American cities, and reformers addressed the challenges of urban poverty.
Skyscrapers transformed cities, and an understanding of geology made these buildings possible.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, photographers, social reformers, and novelists used their talents to highlight the terrible conditions the poor endured in American cities.
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MINORITIES
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MINORITIES
RACISM AND SEGREGATION | "SEPARATE BUT EQUAL" | FIGHTING AGAINST SEGREGATION
African Americans and other people of color encountered different forms of prejudice across the United States.
A Supreme Court ruling in 1896 led to even greater segregation throughout the United States.
Prominent African-American leaders fought against segregation in American society using different strategies.
THE LABOR MOVEMENT
THE LABOR MOVEMENT
THE LIVES OF WORKERS | RISE OF LABOR UNIONS | LABOR CONFLICTS
Work places at the turn of the century often involved dangerous conditions, long days, and low wages, with few labor laws to protect workers.
American workers formed labor unions and staged strikes across the country as they advocated for better working conditions and fair wages.
A series of violent strikes took place during the late 1800s as workers intensified their demands for better wages and working conditions.
REVIEW
REVIEW
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Bessemer Process - (n.) a steel manufacturing process that involves blowing air into molten iron to remove impurities, which results in a stronger metal
Boom-and-Bust Cycle - (n.) a series of periods of economic growth followed by sudden economic downturns
Capitalism - (n.) an economic system in which private individuals, as opposed to the government, own and profit from business
Corporation - (n.) a company or group that acts legally as a single unit to run a business
Gilded Age - (n.) the last three decades of the 19th century, characterized by greed and corruption
Laissez-Faire - (n.) an economic policy in which a government lets businesses operate without much regulation; laissez-faire means "allow to" in French
Mass Culture - (n.) the set of popular values and ideas that arise from widespread access to media, music, art, and other entertainment
Pacific Railway Acts - (n.) two acts passed in the 1860s that gave two companies the contracts to construct a transcontinental railroad
Patent - (n.) a document that gives the bearer exclusive rights to make and sell an invention
Philanthropy - (n.) the financial support of a worthy or charitable cause
Standard Time - (n.) the uniform division of time among locations that lie roughly on the same line of longitude, establishing time zones
Steel - (n.) a hard metal made from a mixture of iron and carbon
Transcontinental Railroad - (n.) a railroad that runs across a continent
Trust - (n.) a group of corporations managed, but not directly owned, by a board
Bedrock - (n.) solid rock that lies under loose soil
Mutual Aid Society - (n.) an organization formed by members of a particular group to provide economic and other assistance to each other
Political Machine - (n.) a party organization that ran big cities, ruled by strong and often corrupt leaders who offered favors to members in exchange for votes and other support
Refugee - (n.) a person who flees to another country to escape danger or persecution
Settlement House - (n.) a place that provides assistance to poor and immigrant residents of a community
Skyscraper - (n.) a very tall building
Social Gospel - (n.) a Protestant religious movement that stressed the importance of churches to become involved with social issues and reform
Streetcar - (n.) a vehicle on rails set in city streets that can transport many passengers at once, like a train
Suburb - (n.) a residential area on the edge of a city or town
Tenement - (n.) a quickly constructed apartment building; usually refers to a crowded urban dwelling for immigrants and the poor
Urbanization - (n.) a process in which economic, industrial, and population patterns shifted from rural areas to cities
Chinese Exclusion Act - (n.) an 1882 law prohibiting Chinese workers from immigrating to the United States for a 10-year period
Jim Crow Laws - (n.) laws created in the 1880s by southern politicians to take away the rights of African Americans
Poll Watcher - (n.) a person assigned to a polling place to guard against voting irregularities
Self-Reliance - (n.) individual independence developed through practical skills and education
Anarchist - (n.) a person who advocates lawlessness and the absence of all government
Child Labor - (n.) the practice of hiring children to perform paid work, often in dangerous conditions and for low wages
Collective Bargaining - (n.) a negotiation carried out by a labor union with an employer to try to improve wages, working conditions, and hours
Overhead - (n.) the cost of doing business
Robber Baron - (n.) an individual leaders known for cutthroat tactics against workers and competitors
Scab - (n.) a person willing to cross union lines to work during a strike
Sweatshop - (n.) a factory that pays low wages, provides crowded, unsafe conditions, and requires long work hours
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