Camera Modes

Most DSLR cameras show the letter modes – M (Manual), AV (Aperture-Priority), TV or S (Shutter-Priority), P (Programmed Auto). 

• Manual allows the photographer to change every single setting

• Aperture-Priority allows the photographer to set the aperture value and the camera automatically sets the correct shutter speed; 

• TV lets the photographer choose the shutter speed first (for example when shooting sports) and the camera automatically sets the correct aperture. 

• P-Program mode is similar to Auto mode - the shutter and aperture settings are determined by the camera, but the photographer can adjust the shooting and image-recording functions

AUTO MODE

Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot. This can be good if you have no idea of what settings to choose and also when you need to shoot quickly. The shot here is perfectly exposed as the day is well lit, though auto-exposure may struggle in situations where the light is uneven, and it tends to trigger the flash even when it’s not necessary.

LANDSCAPE MODE

Landscape mode usually uses a small aperture (high f/number) to create a well focused image from the foreground into the distance (on old style cameras, the setting was ‘infinity’ represented by a sideways figure 8). Landscape mode tends to suit a wide lens, and again works well if the scene is well lit. It will use flash if it reads the foreground as too dark, but you can manually turn this off.

PORTRAIT MODE

Portrait mode will “think” that there is a subject in the foreground of the frame and choose a shallow depth of field in order to keep the human subject in focus but the background blurred. If the camera reads the scene as dark, it will add fill-in flash. Fill-in flash is useful in sunny conditions too, when the sun casts a harsh shadow. Portrait mode generally works best in well lit conditions.

SPORTS MODE

Because sports are fast paced activities, sports mode will give you a high shutter speed of at least 1/500 – 1/1000 of a second. With a high shutter speed to freeze movement, it means that flash is usually not necessary – though once again this works best on a bright day. Sports mode can work well alongside continuous shooting mode, where images are taken consecutively – the result is a number of shots capturing action in mid air.

MACRO MODE (Close ups)

Macro mode is very useful to take a photograph of an image smaller than your hand. Remember that macro mode will not give you super close up images; for this you will need a macro lens. Macro mode will work best in bright conditions and will choose a shallow depth of field to focus on the subject. Therefore, if light is low, use a tripod. Your focusing also has to be more careful when taking a macro image. This is because when you use a shallow depth of field, you give yourself a smaller margin for error.