Ecosystems are made up of living and non-living elements.
The living things in an ecosystem depend on each other and on non-living elements for survival.
Living and non-living elements interact with each other in many different ways.
The skills of scientific inquiry can be used to investigate the living and non-living elements in a model ecosystem.
Humans are part of ecosystems and affect ecosystems.
biotic element
organism
micro-organism
species
population
community
abiotic element
ecosystem
ecology
habitat
nutrient
competition
predator
prey
mutualism
What is an Ecosystem?
The Needs of Living Things
Interactions Among Living Things
How Do Humans Fit Into Ecosystems?
Chapter 4 Summary
Chapter 4 Review