Metacognition and Self-Explanation: According to research by Hiebert & Grouws (2007), verbalizing mathematical thinking helps students develop metacognitive skills by making their thought processes explicit. Self-explanation, or talking through one's reasoning, enhances understanding by forcing students to clarify their thought processes and identify any misconceptions or gaps in understanding.
Cognitive Load Theory: Sweller (1988) and his colleagues in cognitive load theory have found that verbalizing problem-solving steps can offload cognitive burden, making it easier for students to manage complex tasks. By verbalizing their thinking, students can externalize part of the problem-solving process, freeing up mental resources for deeper understanding and learning.
Peer Learning and Collaboration: In a study by Webb & Palincsar (1996), peer collaboration involving verbalization of problem-solving strategies led to greater understanding and retention of mathematical concepts. When students articulate their thinking to peers, they not only solidify their own understanding but also benefit from exposure to alternative strategies and perspectives.
Hiebert, J., & Grouws, D. A. (2007). The Effects of Classroom Mathematics Teaching on Students' Learning. In F. K. Lester Jr. (Ed.),
Second Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning (pp. 371-404). Information Age Publishing.
Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257-285.
Webb, N. M., & Palincsar, A. S. (1996). Group Processes in the Classroom. In D. C. Berliner & R. C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of
Educational Psychology (pp. 841-873). Prentice Hall.