Social and tribal structures, ways of life and means of survival on the Plains.
Beliefs about land and nature and attitudes to war and property.
US government policy: support for US westward expansion and the significance of the Permanent Indian Frontier. The Indian Appropriations Act 1851.
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The factors encouraging migration, including economic conditions, the Oregon Trail from 1836, the concept of Manifest Destiny, and the Gold Rush of 1849.
The process and problems of migration, including the experiences of the Donner Party and the Mormon migration, 1846–47.
The development and problems of white settlement farming.
Reasons for tension between settlers and Plains Indians. The significance of the Fort Laramie Treaty 1851.
The problems of lawlessness in early towns and settlements. Attempts by government and local communities to tackle lawlessness.
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