Satellite (衛星): an object that orbits a planet.
Work (功): a measure of energy transfer or store that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by a force.
Kinetic Energy (動能): the energy of motion due to a non-zero velocity of an object with mass.
Potential Energy (位能): the energy stored due to an object's position in the presence of a conservative force field, like gravitational or electric fields.
Conservative Force (保守力): a force where the work done on a particle moving between two points depends only on the positions of the two points and not on the path taken.
Mechanical Energy (力學能): the sum of kinetic energy plus the potential energy of the system.
Energy Conservation (能量守恆): the mechanical energy of a system neither increases nor decreases in any process; mechanical energy remains constant over time.
Impulse (衝量): the observable change in momentum of an object.
Elastic Collision (彈性碰撞): a collision where total kinetic energy is conserved.
Inelastic Collision (非彈性碰撞): a collision where total kinetic energy is not conserved.
Centroid (幾何中心): the geometric center of a plane figure.
Momentum (動量): a vector equal to a particle’s mass times its velocity.
Momentum Conservation (動量守恆): the principle that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time.