Static Equilibrium (靜力平衡): a state where forces are balanced, resulting in no translational and rotational accelerations.
Universal Gravitation (萬有引力): the force of attraction between all objects with mass.
Newtonian Mechanics (牛頓力學): the study of motion and forces based on Newton's laws.
Inertial Reference Frame (慣性參考系): local free-falling reference frame; a special frame of reference that can observe that an isolated object moves in a straight line with constant velocity.
Gravitation (重力): curvature of space-time manifold caused by energy; the attractive force exhibited by a planet or a substance with mass.
Free-fall Acceleration (自由落體加速度): the nearly constant acceleration of an object due to local gravity on the surface of a planet.
Deformation (形變): a change in the shape of an object due to applied forces.
Statics (靜力學): the study of equilibrium and constraints of a system at rest under the influence of various forces.
Friction (摩擦力): a dissipative force that opposes motion between surfaces in contact.
Viscosity (黏度): internal friction within a fluid; a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow or deformation.
Terminal Velocity (終端速度): the constant velocity reached by a falling object when the force of air resistance cancels the force of gravity.
Amplitude (振幅): the maximum displacement from equilibrium in an oscillation.
Harmonic Oscillator (諧振子): the position of an object oscillating back and forth around an equilibrium position is a sine or cosine function of time.
Periodic Motion (週期運動): the position and velocity of an object exactly repeat in a regular cycle.
Harmonic Motion (諧和運動): a type of periodic motion described by a sine or cosine function.
Hooke's Law (虎克定律): the force exerted by a spring is proportional to its displacement from its equilibrium position.
Simple Pendulum (單擺): a mass suspended from a fixed point that swings back and forth under the influence of gravity.
Centripetal Force (向心力): the force required to keep an object moving in a circular path.