Electromagnetism (電磁學): the study of electricity and magnetism and their interconnected nature.
Electrostatic (靜電的): electric charges remain at rest.
Charge (電荷): a fundamental property of matter that can be positive or negative, leading to electrical forces.
Coulomb (庫侖): the unit of electric charge.
Coulomb's Law (庫侖定律): the law describing the electrostatic force between two point charges.
Permittivity (電容率): a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
Electric Field (電場): exhibited by a charged object in space where a point charge experiences a force.
Flux (通量): a measure of the flow of a field through a given surface.
Gauss's Law (高斯定律): relates the electric flux through a given closed surface to the enclosed charge in the given closed surface.
Electrostatic Potential (靜電位): the potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field.
Volt (伏特): the unit of electric potential.
Equipotential Surface (等位面): a virtual surface where the electric potential is constant.
Electric Dipole Moment (電偶極矩): an object with equal and opposite charges separated by a distance.
Conductor (導體): a material that allows electrons to flow freely.
Electric Current (電流): the flow of electric charge.
Ampere (Amp) (安培): the unit of electric current.
Electromotive Force (EMF) (電動勢): the energy per unit charge supplied by a source of electrical energy, like a battery.
Drift Velocity (漂移速度): the steady average velocity of charge carriers in the wire in the presence of an electric field.
Ohm's Law (歐姆定律): the voltage drop across a segment of wire is linearly proportional to the current.
Resistance (電阻): the measure of the proportionality factor between voltage drop and the electric current.
Ohm (歐姆): the unit of electrical resistance.
Electric Power (電功率): the rate at which electrical energy is transferred.
Watt (瓦特): the unit of power.
Kirchhoff's Laws (基爾霍夫定律): two rules governing current and voltage in electrical circuits.