Liver echogenicity < renal capsule (ตับดำกว่า เนื้อนอกของไต)
Visible tubular structures
hepatic vein ( intersegmental )
Hepatic vein runs toward IVC
thin wall
portal vein ( intrasegmental )
runs in middle part of the liver (แทงจาก hilar เข้าตรงกลางก้อน)
Think wall (echoic wall) เพราะรับ สารอาหาร , fat จาก intestine จึงมีตะกอนสะสม
accompanying bile duct
Bile duct
runs paralell with portal vein
Hepatic vein
Hepatic vein
Hepatic vein
portal vein
Mild (grade I)
diffusely increased hepatic echogenicity (compared to the renal cortex)
periportal echogenicity is still appreciable
diaphragmatic echogenicity is still appreciable
Moderate (grade II)
obscuring periportal echogenicity (blurring of veins margins)
diaphragmatic echogenicity is still appreciable
Severe (grade III)
significant posterior shadowing
diffusely increased hepatic echogenicity
obscuring periportal & diaphragmatic echogenicity
ตัวอย่าง fatty liver
Surface nodularity
Abnormal increase echo texture
coarsen
Small right lobe and medial segment left lobe
Hypertrophy lateral segment of left lobe ,caudate lobe
Diffuse echogenic foci
"starry sky"
minimal wall thickening of portal and segmental branches
Ring echo around vessel in cross section
Pipe-stem parallel with portal vein
"Large starry sky" = Ring
Echogenic ruff around portal bifercation and main stem
main portal vessel thickening
Periductal
The CBD is approximately 8 cm long and
< 6-7 mm wide in inner-to-inner diameter in adults.
7-8 mm in 60 yr
10 mm in post-cholecystectomy
It joins the pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater, which drains into the second part of the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla.
IVC อยู่ใต้มัน
supero-lateral เป็น CBD ,
supero-medial เป็น hepatic artery