Project Background
Researchers at UC San Diego and UC Santa Cruz developed the Environmentally Networked Sensor (ENTS) to address challenges in measuring soil microbial fuel cells for outdoor sensor networks. The ENTS is an open-source, all-purpose sensor module designed to overcome issues of expensive, energy-inefficient equipment unsuitable for harsh outdoor environments. This circuit board module gathers data and routes it to a visualization platform called DirtViz, featuring various ports for sensors, Wi-Fi for lab experiments, and LoRa for field deployments. This device is deployed in environments such as the Kendall Frost Mission Bay Marsh for weeks at a time.
Environmentally Networked Sensor (ENTS)
Project Objective
Before beginning the MAE 156 project, researchers using the ENTS generally used an IP68 rated Polycase enclosure to house the node during outdoor deployments. This was an undesirable solution because it was not cost effective at about $49 USD to house a single node and because it required researchers to modify the enclosure to suit their needs regarding cable connections. This was what led the project’s sponsor, Steve Taylor, to form the ENTS team in order to produce a new enclosure with the goal of it also being open-source. There is a need for an enclosure for the ENTS node that follows the following functional requirements:
Low cost (< $40)
Accessible to environmental researchers across the country
Waterproof
Is non-toxic to the environment in which it is deployed in
Does not interfere with data transmission
Can allow for variable number of cable connections
The goal of the enclosure for the ENTS node is to improve the node's performance for researchers during deployments. Having an enclosure made specifically for their purposes would mean that they would not have to spend resources on tailoring it to their preferences and environments. Having a secure enclosure also prevents leakage, ensuring that the node does not get damaged during deployment.
Assembled PVC Enclosure
Assembled 3D Printed Enclosure
Final Designs
To address these requirements, this project developed two designs: a 3D-printed enclosure using PLA material with a watertight sealant coating, and a PVC enclosure using off-the-shelf components. Both design solutions meet all functional requirements and have their own unique pros and cons. Researchers creating these enclosures pick which design to use based on their specific deployment needs and the tools available to their disposal. A user manual, which included both instructions and recommendations for the designs, was created to help end users create enclosures on their own. After testing in the Kendall Frost Marsh Reserve, both enclosures demonstrated excellent waterproofing capabilities, lasting a week submerged without water ingress or significant humidity increase.
Enclosure Performance Results
Week-Long PVC Test:
Week-Long 3D Print Test:
Components Used
Below is a short overview of the components used with the enclosures. Some are used in both designs, while others are used only with the 3D printed design. More information on these components can be found in the Final Designs page and the final report.
Cable glands were used to pass cables from sensors into the enclosure while maintaining an IP68 waterproof rating.
An O-ring was used with the 3D printed enclosure to create a waterproof seal between the base and the lid of the enclosure.
FDM filament was used to make the 3D printed enclosure. Our team decided to use PLA as it is the most commonly used filament. Because PLA is known not to be waterproof, a sealant was used to prevent water leaking into the enclosure.
A sealant was used with the 3D printed enclosure to make it waterproof and to prevent enclosure materials from decomposing/leaching into the environment.
An optional 3D printed twist-lock insert was designed to secure the ENTS node to the enclosure. This component allows for sensor cable management space and helps prevent any physical damage to the node during deployments.