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Success Criteria:
I can distinguish between convection, conduction, and radiation, understanding their distinct mechanisms of heat transfer.
I am able to provide and explain real-life examples of convection, conduction, and radiation, demonstrating a practical understanding of these heat transfer processes.
Fun Fact
The phenomenon of convection currents in Earth's mantle, responsible for plate tectonics, plays a key role in redistributing heat beneath our feet. As hot magma rises and cooler material sinks, it creates a dynamic system of heat transfer, shaping the Earth's crust over geological time scales.
Key terms
Conduction (collision) Adding energy (heating) on part of a substance will raise the kinetic energy. It will make the particles in the area vibrate more rapidly. They will interact with neighbouring particles, facilitating the transfer of kinetic energy, leading to an overall flow of heat.
Free Electrons In metals, some electrons in the outer shells of atoms are not strongly attached to any particular atom and are free to move. These free electrons form what is known as the "electron sea."
Conduction (free electrons) When one part of the metal is heated, the free electrons gain kinetic energy. They move randomly and collide with neighbouring atoms, transferring this kinetic energy in the process.
Thermal Conductivity is the measure of a material's ability to conduct heat.
Convection Convection is a heat transfer process that occurs through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). It involves the transfer of heat by the bulk movement of fluid particles.
Radiation Convection and Conduction use a medium/matter to transfer heat. Convection uses movement of fluid, conduction using movement/vibration of matter. Radiation is a transfer of heat without movement of matter.
Learning Tasks
4.4 key knowledge questions p.123
Convection demonstration
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