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Success Criteria:
I am able to explain the kinetic particle model, detailing how all matter is composed of atoms and molecules in constant motion.
I am able to identify and describe real-world examples of heat transfer.
I can connect concepts such as internal energy and absolute zero.
I can apply the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics to determine thermal equilibrium between systems, and I understand the First Law of Thermodynamics where energy changes forms while the total energy within the system remains constant.
Fun Fact
Did you know that the coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth was -89.2 degrees Celsius? This bone-chilling temperature was measured at the Soviet Union's Vostok Station in Antarctica on July 21, 1983. It's so frigid that the air is nearly as cold as the surface of Saturn's moon Titan!
Key terms
Kinetic Particle Model all matter is composed of atoms or molecules that are in constant motion.
Heat the transfer of thermal energy from a hot object to a cold object. It is measured in joules.
Internal Energy the total kinetic and potential energy of a substance.
Absolute Zero is the theoretical value where molecular motion ceases to exist. It is -273.15 degrees Celsius, or 0 Kelvin.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
First Law of Thermodynamics states that the energy of the system can change forms, such as from internal energy to work or heat, but the total amount of energy within the system remains constant.
Learning Tasks
4.1 Knowledge and Understanding questions p.108
PhET simulation for states of matter.
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