Protected Areas

Protected Areas and Biological Coridors of Bhutan

Bhutan is a land of breathtaking beauty, teeming with life. Its lush forests, snow-capped mountains, and pristine rivers are home to a diverse array of plants and animals. To safeguard this natural heritage, Bhutan has established a network of protected areas, covering nearly half of the country. These protected havens, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and nature reserves, are vital for conserving Bhutan's biodiversity. They shelter endangered species and offer visitors a glimpse into the country's ecological wonders. By preserving these pristine landscapes, Bhutan ensures a harmonious balance between humans and nature, safeguarding its unique wildlife for generations to come.

Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS)

Nestled in the northeastern corner of Bhutan, the Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary is a breathtaking expanse of wilderness. This vast sanctuary, spanning over 1,500 square kilometers, is a haven for diverse wildlife and stunning landscapes. From the warm, broadleaf forests to the alpine meadows and rugged scree slopes, Bumdeling offers a captivating tapestry of ecosystems. The sanctuary’s dramatic terrain, with its towering peaks and deep valleys, is carved by the majestic Kulong, Khoma, and Sheri Chhu rivers. Established in 1995, Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary is a testament to Bhutan’s commitment to conservation. It protects a significant portion of the Eastern Himalayan ecosystem, safeguarding its unique biodiversity and natural beauty for generations to come.

Jigme Dorji National Park (JDNP)

A sanctuary since 1974, Jigme Dorji National Park (JDNP) is one of Bhutan's oldest protected areas. Covering a vast expanse of 4,374 square kilometers, it was once the largest national park in the country. Nestled in the Eastern Himalayas, JDNP is a biodiversity hotspot, home to a myriad of endangered plants and animals. From lush forests to alpine meadows, the park's diverse ecosystems support a rich tapestry of life. JDNP is renowned for its medicinal plants, natural hot springs, and stunning landscapes. As a unique convergence of Bhutan's natural wonders, JDNP proudly showcases all four national symbols: the Blue Poppy, Takin, Raven, and Cypress. It's also a remarkable place where the elusive Royal Bengal Tiger and Snow Leopard coexist. Spanning across five districts, JDNP is a testament to Bhutan's commitment to conservation. It protects a significant portion of the Eastern Himalayan ecosystem, safeguarding its unique biodiversity and natural beauty for generations to come.

Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve (JKSNR)

The Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve (JKSNR) is a unique and pristine sanctuary, covering over 784 square kilometers. As Bhutan's only Strict Nature Reserve, it is dedicated to the highest level of protection. Located primarily in Haa Dzongkhag, with a small portion extending into Samtse, the JKSNR is characterized by its remote and undisturbed nature. With few human settlements, it offers a glimpse into the pristine Himalayan ecosystem. This sanctuary is renowned for its temperate and alpine ecosystems, which are among the most pristine in the entire Himalayan region. It is home to a variety of endangered species, including the Snow Leopard, Red Panda, Tibetan Snowcock, and Rufous-necked Hornbill. The JKSNR is also the sole habitat of the unique White Poppy, a rare and endemic species. As part of the Kangchenjunga Landscape, the JKSNR plays a crucial role in regional conservation efforts. It is a testament to Bhutan's commitment to preserving its natural heritage and ensuring the survival of its unique wildlife.

Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park (JSWNP)

Established in 1995, Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park (JSWNP) is a vast and diverse protected area, covering over 1,730 square kilometers. It is the third largest park in Bhutan, connecting vital biological corridors between the tropical south and alpine north. JSWNP is a treasure trove of biodiversity, home to a wide range of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. Some of the park's iconic inhabitants include the elusive Royal Bengal Tiger, the Golden Langur, the Clouded Leopard, the Golden Cat, the Marbled Cat, the Red Panda, and the mighty Gaur. The park's diverse birdlife is equally impressive, with species like the Rufous-necked Hornbill, Satyr Tragopan, and Himalayan Monal gracing its skies. JSWNP plays a crucial role in conserving the critically endangered White-bellied Heron, safeguarding 50% of its global population. This remarkable park is a testament to Bhutan's commitment to conservation. It protects a vital ecosystem, ensuring the survival of its unique wildlife for generations to come.

Jomotsangkha Wildlife Sanctuary (JWS)

The Jomotsangkha Wildlife Sanctuary is a hidden gem, nestled within the Indo-Malayan realm. This biodiversity hotspot is home to a remarkable array of wildlife, including some of the world's most endangered species. The sanctuary is a lifeline for the critically endangered Pygmy Hog and Hispid Hare, making it a vital part of global conservation efforts. It also provides a safe haven for other endangered species like the Asiatic Elephant, Common Leopard, Bengal Tiger, and the rare Chinese Pangolin. With its diverse range of small cats, including the Asiatic Golden Cat, Marbled Cat, Clouded Leopard, and Leopard Cat, the sanctuary is a true feline paradise. Additionally, the sanctuary's avian population is enriched by the presence of four species of Hornbills: the Great Hornbill, Oriental Pied Hornbill, Rufous-necked Hornbill, and Wreathed Hornbill. Jomotsangkha Wildlife Sanctuary is a testament to Bhutan's commitment to conservation. It protects a vital ecosystem and ensures the survival of its unique wildlife for generations to come.

Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS)

Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary, though the smallest of Bhutan's protected areas, is a biodiversity hotspot. Covering 286.83 square kilometers, it stretches from the Punatsang Chhu River to the Singye village, bordering India to the south. This sanctuary is a treasure trove of subtropical forests, teeming with life. It's home to all eight cat species found in Bhutan, including the elusive Clouded Leopard and the majestic Royal Bengal Tiger. Other notable residents include the Asiatic Elephant, Gaur, and the Golden Langur. PWS is unique for its Spotted Deer and its vast Sal and Agarwood forests. Recent discoveries suggest the presence of the rare White-bellied Heron along its rivers. With over 637 species of plants, 28 mammal species, and 132 bird species, Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary continues to surprise scientists and nature enthusiasts alike. It's a testament to Bhutan's commitment to conservation and a reminder of the delicate balance of nature.

Phrumshingla National Park (PNP)

Phrumshingla National Park, established in 1998, is a stunning natural wonder, covering 905 square kilometers. This park is renowned for its ancient fir forests, some of the last remaining in the Himalayas. Spanning across four districts, the park offers a diverse range of ecosystems, from subtropical broadleaf forests to alpine grasslands. With over 623 plant species, including rare and endemic varieties, Phrumshingla is a botanist's dream. The park's higher elevations are ablaze with vibrant Rhododendron flowers during the spring season. The park is a haven for wildlife, with over 71 mammal species, including the elusive Red Panda. It's also a birder's paradise, boasting over 361 bird species. Birdwatchers from around the world flock to this park to witness the incredible diversity of avian life. Phrumshingla National Park is a testament to Bhutan's commitment to conservation. It protects a vital ecosystem and ensures the survival of its unique wildlife for generations to come.

Royal Manas National Park (RMNP)

Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan's oldest national park, is a sprawling wilderness in the south-central foothills. Covering over 1,057 square kilometers, it connects with other protected areas in Bhutan and India, forming a vital part of the Transboundary Manas Conservation Area. This park is a lifeline for endangered species like the Golden Langur and the Pygmy Hog. It also serves as a crucial corridor for the Terai-Arc Tiger Conservation Complex, facilitating the movement of tigers between Nepal, India, and Southeast Asia. With its diverse ecosystems and rich wildlife, Royal Manas National Park is a testament to Bhutan's commitment to conservation. It protects a vital landscape and ensures the survival of its unique wildlife for generations to come.

Sakten Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS)

Nestled in the easternmost part of Bhutan, Sakten Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) is a hidden gem. Established in 2003, this sanctuary is a haven for a diverse range of wildlife and plant life. SWS is a mosaic of forests, ranging from warm, broadleaf forests to alpine meadows. This diverse habitat supports a rich array of life, including hundreds of plant species, numerous bird species, and a variety of mammals. The sanctuary is particularly renowned for its rhododendrons. With over 40 species, including three endemic varieties, SWS is often called the "Paradise of Rhododendrons." The Khaling Torrent Catfish, a unique species endemic to Bhutan, also finds its home in the sanctuary's waters. SWS is a vital part of Bhutan's network of protected areas, ensuring the conservation of its rich biodiversity.

Wangchuck Centennial National Park (WCNP)

The Wangchuck Centennial National Park is Bhutan's largest protected area, a tribute to the Wangchuck Dynasty's century of selfless leadership. This vast park plays a crucial role in safeguarding Bhutan's water resources, serving as a vital water tower for four major rivers. With its snow-capped peaks, including Gangkar Puensum and Rinchen Zoegila, the park offers breathtaking scenery. For nearly half the year, the park is blanketed in snow, creating a winter wonderland. WCNP is a testament to Bhutan's commitment to conservation and its deep appreciation for the natural world.

Biological Corridors (BC)

Biological Corridors (BCs) are nature's highways, connecting Bhutan's protected areas. Established in 1999, these corridors are essential for the survival of many wildlife species. By creating pathways between protected areas, BCs allow animals to move freely, find mates, and adapt to changing environments. This helps maintain healthy populations and ensures the long-term survival of Bhutan's diverse ecosystems. These corridors are a cost-effective and sustainable way to protect our natural heritage.

Biological Corridor Area

BC1 (connects JKSNR and JDNP): 255.5 square kilometers

BC2 (connects JDNP and JSWNP): 291.8 square kilometers

BC3 (connects PWS, RNMP and JSWNP): 407.7 square kilometers

BC4 (connects RMNP, PNP, and JSWNP): 594.7 square kilometers

BC5 (connects RMNP and JWS) 205.8: square kilometers

BC6 (connects JWS and SWS) 232.8: square kilometers

BC7 (connects BWS, PNP, and WCNP) 419.7: square kilometers

BC8 (connects JSWNP and WCNP) 558.6: square kilometers

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